Comprehensive Analysis of Trace Elements, Amino Acids, and Antioxidant Potential of Verbascum orientale

Öz

This study aims to investigate the trace element composition, amino acid profile, and antioxidant activity of Verbascum orientale, a medicinal plant in Erzincan, Türkiye. The root and stem extracts were analyzed using ICP-MS to determine trace element levels, while LC-MS/MS was employed for amino acid profiling. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of methanol: water (70:30, v:v) extracts were evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) assays. The findings indicate that Verbascum orientale contains significant levels of sodium (Na) and silicon (Si), suggesting an adaptive response to arid and stressful environmental conditions. In addition, the plant exhibited high levels of amino acids such as L-proline, L-glutamine, and L-asparagine, which are essential for osmotic regulation and stress adaptation. A high iron (Fe) content suggests potential nutritional benefits, while the presence of aluminum (Al) raises concerns about possible toxicity. Despite its diverse phytochemical profile, Verbascum orientale exhibited moderate antioxidant activity compared to other Verbascum species, with the root extract demonstrating a stronger radical scavenging effect than the stem. These results underscore the importance of further research to evaluate the medicinal and nutritional applications of Verbascum orientale, particularly in terms of bioavailability and safety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Verbascum orientale
• amino acids
• bioactive compounds
• trace elements
• antioxidant activity.

Verbascum orientale'nin Eser Elementleri, Amino Asitleri ve Antioksidan Potansiyelinin Kapsamlı Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye, Erzincan’da tıbbi bir bitki olan Verbascum orientale'nin eser element bileşimini, amino asit profilini ve antioksidan aktivitesini araştırmaktır. Kök ve gövde ekstraktları, eser element seviyelerini belirlemek için ICP-MS kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir; amino asit profili ise LC-MS/MS ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, metanol: su (70:30, v:v) ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH, FRAP, toplam fenolik içerik (TPC) ve toplam flavonoid içerik (TFC) testleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Verbascum orientale'nin önemli düzeyde sodyum (Na) ve silisyum (Si) içerdiğini göstermekte, bu da kurak ve stresli çevre koşullarına adaptif bir yanıt olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Ayrıca, bitki ozmotik düzenleme ve stres adaptasyonu için gerekli olan L-prolin, L-glutamin ve L-asparajin gibi amino asitleri yüksek seviyelerde sergilemiştir.. Yüksek demir (Fe) içeriği potansiyel besinsel faydaları akla getirirken, alüminyum (Al) varlığı olası toksisite ile ilgili endişeleri artırmaktadır. Farklı fitokimyasal profiline rağmen, Verbascum orientale diğer Verbascum türlerine kıyasla orta düzeyde antioksidan aktivite sergilemiş, kök ekstresi gövdeye göre daha güçlü bir radikal süpürücü etki göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, Verbascum orientale'nin tıbbi ve besinsel uygulamalarını, özellikle biyoyararlanım ve güvenlik açısından değerlendirmek için daha fazla araştırma yapılmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Verbascum orientale
• amino asitler
• biyoaktif bileşikler
• eser elementler
• antioksidan aktivite.

Kaynakça

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