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Biyouyumlu Polimer Esaslı Sentetik Yara Örtüsü Geliştirilmesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1 , 229 - 242 , 30.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA69XE96DZ

Öz

Biyouyumlu hidroejel yara örtüleri, dermal ve epidermal dokuların rejenerasyonunu artırdıkları için ilgi çekmiştir. Bu çalışmada Ala-Leu dipeptit nanotüp ile fonksiyonalize edilmiş kitosan kullanılarak Pluronic F127 tabanlı biyouyumlu hidrojel yara örtüsü geliştirilmiştir. Sentezlenen biyouyumlu yapı; FTIR, SEM-EDX ve TG-DTA ile karaketerize edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, sentezlenen yapı enstrümental tekniklerle doğrulanmıştır. Sentezlenen materyalin biyolojik etkileri antimikrobiyal (E.coli, P.aeroginosa, S.aureus, S.pyogenes), sitotoksiste (HS2) aktivite ve yara iyileşme (HS2) testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sentez materyalinin anlamlı antimikrobiyal, sitotoksik ve yara iyileştirici etkisi tespit edilmemiştir. Ala-Leu dipeptit nanotüp ile fonksiyonalize edilmiş kitosan kullanılarak hazırlanan Pluronic F127 tabanlı hidrojeller, antimikrobiyal ajanlar ve yara iyileşmesini teşvik edici ajanlar ile modifiye edilerek terapötik taşıyıcı yara örtüsü ve enjekte edilebilir jel formunda kullanılabilir.

Teşekkür

Doktora çalışmalarım sırasında, 100/2000 öncelikli alanlar programı kapsamında Biyomalzeme ve Doku Mühendisliği alt disiplininde sağladıkları burs desteği için YÖK'e (Yükseköğretim Kurulu) teşekkür etmek istiyorum.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Yang, Y., Xu, R., Wang, C., Guo, Y., Sun, W., & Ouyang, L., (2022) Recombinant human collagen-based bioinks for the 3D bioprinting of full-thickness human skin equivalent. International journal of bioprinting, 8(4), 611.
  • [2] Vijayavenkataraman, S., Lu, W., & Fuh, J., (2016) 3D bioprinting of skin: a state-of-the-art review on modelling, materials, and processes. Biofabrication, 8(3), 032001.
  • [3] Mogoşanu, G. D., & Grumezescu, A. M., (2014) Natural and synthetic polymers for wounds and burns dressing. International journal of pharmaceutics, 463(2), 127-136.
  • [4] Rezvanian, M., Tan, C.-K., & Ng, S.-F., (2016) Simvastatin-loaded lyophilized wafers as a potential dressing for chronic wounds. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 42(12), 2055-2062.
  • [5] Elsner, J. J., Egozi, D., Ullmann, Y., Berdicevsky, I., Shefy-Peleg, A., & Zilberman, M., (2011) Novel biodegradable composite wound dressings with controlled release of antibiotics: Results in a guinea pig burn model. Burns, 37(5), 896-904.
  • [6] Pawar, H., Tetteh, J., & Boateng, J., (2013) Preparation, optimisation and characterisation of novel wound healing film dressings loaded with streptomycin and diclofenac. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 102, 102-110.
  • [7] Shende, P., & Gupta, H., (2020) Formulation and comparative characterization of nanoparticles of curcumin using natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers for wound healing. Life sciences, 253, 117588.
  • [8] Rezvanian, M., Amin, M. C. I. M., & Ng, S.-F., (2016) Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. Carbohydrate polymers, 137, 295-304.
  • [9] Fuentes, S., Dubo, J., Barraza, N., González, R., & Veloso, E., (2015) Hybrid chitosan–Pluronic F-127 films with BaTiO3: Co nanoparticles: Synthesis and properties. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 377, 65-69.
  • [10] Matthew, J. E., Nazario, Y. L., Roberts, S. C., & Bhatia, S. R., (2002) Effect of mammalian cell culture medium on the gelation properties of Pluronic® F127. Biomaterials, 23(23), 4615-4619.
  • [11] Pandit, N. K., & Kisaka, J., (1996) Loss of gelation ability of Pluronic® F127 in the presence of some salts. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 145(1-2), 129-136.
  • [12] Gioffredi, E., Boffito, M., Calzone, S., Giannitelli, S. M., Rainer, A., Trombetta, M., et al., (2016) Pluronic F127 hydrogel characterization and biofabrication in cellularized constructs for tissue engineering applications. Procedia Cirp, 49, 125-132.
  • [13] Kant, V., Gopal, A., Kumar, D., Gopalkrishnan, A., Pathak, N. N., Kurade, N. P., et al., (2014) Topical pluronic F-127 gel application enhances cutaneous wound healing in rats. Acta histochemica, 116(1), 5-13.
  • [14] Khan, S., Akhtar, N., & Minhas, M. U., (2019) Fabrication, rheological analysis, and in vitro characterization of in situ chemically cross‐linkable thermogels as controlled and prolonged drug depot for localized and systemic delivery. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 30(3), 755-771.
  • [15] Chen, C.-C., Fang, C.-L., Al-Suwayeh, S. A., Leu, Y.-L., & Fang, J.-Y., (2011) Transdermal delivery of selegiline from alginate–Pluronic composite thermogels. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 415(1-2), 119-128.
  • [16] Gratieri, T., Gelfuso, G. M., Rocha, E. M., Sarmento, V. H., de Freitas, O., & Lopez, R. F. V., (2010) A poloxamer/chitosan in situ forming gel with prolonged retention time for ocular delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 75(2), 186-193.
  • [17] Jung, Y.-s., Park, W., Park, H., Lee, D.-K., & Na, K., (2017) Thermo-sensitive injectable hydrogel based on the physical mixing of hyaluronic acid and Pluronic F-127 for sustained NSAID delivery. Carbohydrate polymers, 156, 403-408.
  • [18] Kim, I.-Y., Yoo, M.-K., Kim, B.-C., Kim, S.-K., Lee, H.-C., & Cho, C.-S., (2006) Preparation of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks composed of chitosan and poloxamer. International journal of biological macromolecules, 38(1), 51-58.
  • [19] Dodero, A., Scarfi, S., Mirata, S., Sionkowska, A., Vicini, S., Alloisio, M., et al., (2021) Effect of crosslinking type on the physical-chemical properties and biocompatibility of chitosan-based electrospun membranes. Polymers, 13(5), 831.
  • [20] García-Couce, J., Tomás, M., Fuentes, G., Que, I., Almirall, A., & Cruz, L. J., (2022) Chitosan/Pluronic F127 thermosensitive hydrogel as an injectable dexamethasone delivery carrier. Gels, 8(1), 44.
  • [21] Lee, S.-M., Liu, K.-H., Liu, Y.-Y., Chang, Y.-P., Lin, C.-C., & Chen, Y.-S., (2013) Chitosonic® acid as a novel cosmetic ingredient: Evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant and hydration activities. Materials, 6(4), 1391-1402.
  • [22] Younes, I., & Rinaudo, M., (2015) Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Marine drugs, 13(3), 1133-1174.
  • [23] Zhang, M., Yang, M., Woo, M. W., Li, Y., Han, W., & Dang, X., (2021) High-mechanical strength carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogel film for antibacterial wound dressing. Carbohydrate polymers, 256, 117590.
  • [24] Dang, L. H., Nguyen, T. H., Tran, H. L. B., Doan, V. N., & Tran, N. Q., (2018) Injectable nanocurcumin‐formulated chitosan‐g‐pluronic hydrogel exhibiting a great potential for burn treatment. Journal of healthcare engineering, 2018(1), 5754890.
  • [25] Liu, C., Yang, Q. Q., & Zhou, Y. L., (2024) Peptides and Wound Healing: From Monomer to Combination. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 30(4), 46.
  • [26] Ghosh, S., Chaudhuri, S., Guha, S., & Das, G., (2024) Understanding the multifaceted nature of peptide hydrogels in biomedical research. Academia Materials Science, 1(1).
  • [27] Schmolka, I. R., (1972) Artificial skin I. Preparation and properties of pluronic F‐127 gels for treatment of burns. Journal of biomedical materials research, 6(6), 571-582.
  • [28] Gunes, S., Tamburaci, S., Dalay, M. C., & Deliloglu Gurhan, I., (2017) In vitro evaluation of Spirulina platensis extract incorporated skin cream with its wound healing and antioxidant activities. Pharmaceutical biology, 55(1), 1824-1832.
  • [29] Khaleghi, S., Majedi, Z., Lohrasbi, A., Rahbar, M., & Hajrasouliha, S., (2021) Application of spirulina–chitosan nano hydrogel for enhanced wound healing through alteration of expression pattern of TGF-ß and PDGF genes. J. Biomed. Eng. Med. Dev, 6, 185.
  • [30] Yap, L.-S., & Yang, M.-C., (2020) Thermo-reversible injectable hydrogel composing of pluronic F127 and carboxymethyl hexanoyl chitosan for cell-encapsulation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 185, 110606.
  • [31] Haşimi, N., (2012) Ajuga vestita ve Ajuga xylorrhiza bitkilerinin petrol eteri, aseton ve metanol ekstrelerinin bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır.
  • [32] Queiroz, M. F., Teodosio Melo, K. R., Sabry, D. A., Sassaki, G. L., & Rocha, H. A. O., (2014) Does the use of chitosan contribute to oxalate kidney stone formation? Marine drugs, 13(1), 141-158.
  • [33] Lim, S.-H., & Hudson, S. M., (2004) Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a water-soluble chitosan derivative with a fiber-reactive group. Carbohydrate research, 339(2), 313-319.
  • [34] Elmowafy, M., Alruwaili, N. K., Shalaby, K., Alharbi, K. S., Altowayan, W. M., Ahmad, N., et al., (2020) Long-acting paliperidone parenteral formulations based on polycaprolactone nanoparticles; the influence of stabilizer and chitosan on in vitro release, protein adsorption, and cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics, 12(2), 160.
  • [35] Karolewicz, B., Górniak, A., Owczarek, A., Żurawska-Płaksej, E., Piwowar, A., & Pluta, J., (2014) Thermal, spectroscopic, and dissolution studies of ketoconazole–Pluronic F127 system. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 115(3), 2487-2493.
  • [36] Scanlon, S., & Aggeli, A., (2008) Self-assembling peptide nanotubes. Nano Today, 3(3-4), 22-30.
  • [37] Shim, J., Kang, J., & Yun, S. I., (2021) Chitosan–dipeptide hydrogels as potential anticancer drug delivery systems. International journal of biological macromolecules, 187, 399-408.
  • [38] Ke, C.-L., Deng, F.-S., Chuang, C.-Y., & Lin, C.-H., (2021) Antimicrobial actions and applications of chitosan. Polymers, 13(6), 904.
  • [39] Kim, I.-Y., Yoo, M.-K., Kim, B.-C., Kim, S.-K., Lee, H.-C., & Cho, C.-S., (2006) Preparation of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks composed of chitosan and poloxamer. International journal of biological macromolecules, 38(1), 51-58.
  • [40] Groboillot, A., Champagne, C., Darling, G., Poncelet, D., & Neufeld, R., (1993) Membrane formation by interfacial cross‐linking of chitosan for microencapsulation of Lactococcus lactis. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 42(10), 1157-1163.
  • [41] Sharun, K., Nair, S. S., Banu, S. A., Manjusha, K., Jayakumar, V., Saini, S., et al., (2023) In vitro antimicrobial properties of pluronic F-127 injectable thermoresponsive hydrogel. J Pure Appl Microbiol, 17(2), 1231-1237.

Development of Biocompatible Polymer Based Synthetic Wound Dressing

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1 , 229 - 242 , 30.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA69XE96DZ

Öz

Biocompatible hydrogel wound dressings have garnered interest for their capacity to promote the regeneration of dermal and epidermal tissues. This study generated a biocompatible hydrogel wound dressing with Pluronic F127 and chitosan functionalized with Ala-Leu dipeptide nanotubes. The biocompatible structure was studied using FTIR, SEM-EDX, and TG-DTA analyses. The analysis results validated the synthesized structure by instrumental approaches. The synthesized material's biological effects were assessed via antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. pyogenes, cytotoxicity tests with HS2, and wound healing evaluations using HS2. No notable antibacterial, cytotoxic, or wound-healing properties of the synthesized substance were observed. Hydrogels synthesized from chitosan functionalized with Ala-Leu dipeptide nanotubes can be enhanced with antimicrobial agents and wound healing promoters for use as therapeutic carrier wound dressings or in injectable gel form.

Teşekkür

I would like to thank YÖK (Higher Education Council) for the scholarship support they provided during my doctoral studies in the sub-discipline of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering under the 100/2000 priority areas program.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Yang, Y., Xu, R., Wang, C., Guo, Y., Sun, W., & Ouyang, L., (2022) Recombinant human collagen-based bioinks for the 3D bioprinting of full-thickness human skin equivalent. International journal of bioprinting, 8(4), 611.
  • [2] Vijayavenkataraman, S., Lu, W., & Fuh, J., (2016) 3D bioprinting of skin: a state-of-the-art review on modelling, materials, and processes. Biofabrication, 8(3), 032001.
  • [3] Mogoşanu, G. D., & Grumezescu, A. M., (2014) Natural and synthetic polymers for wounds and burns dressing. International journal of pharmaceutics, 463(2), 127-136.
  • [4] Rezvanian, M., Tan, C.-K., & Ng, S.-F., (2016) Simvastatin-loaded lyophilized wafers as a potential dressing for chronic wounds. Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 42(12), 2055-2062.
  • [5] Elsner, J. J., Egozi, D., Ullmann, Y., Berdicevsky, I., Shefy-Peleg, A., & Zilberman, M., (2011) Novel biodegradable composite wound dressings with controlled release of antibiotics: Results in a guinea pig burn model. Burns, 37(5), 896-904.
  • [6] Pawar, H., Tetteh, J., & Boateng, J., (2013) Preparation, optimisation and characterisation of novel wound healing film dressings loaded with streptomycin and diclofenac. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 102, 102-110.
  • [7] Shende, P., & Gupta, H., (2020) Formulation and comparative characterization of nanoparticles of curcumin using natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers for wound healing. Life sciences, 253, 117588.
  • [8] Rezvanian, M., Amin, M. C. I. M., & Ng, S.-F., (2016) Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing. Carbohydrate polymers, 137, 295-304.
  • [9] Fuentes, S., Dubo, J., Barraza, N., González, R., & Veloso, E., (2015) Hybrid chitosan–Pluronic F-127 films with BaTiO3: Co nanoparticles: Synthesis and properties. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 377, 65-69.
  • [10] Matthew, J. E., Nazario, Y. L., Roberts, S. C., & Bhatia, S. R., (2002) Effect of mammalian cell culture medium on the gelation properties of Pluronic® F127. Biomaterials, 23(23), 4615-4619.
  • [11] Pandit, N. K., & Kisaka, J., (1996) Loss of gelation ability of Pluronic® F127 in the presence of some salts. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 145(1-2), 129-136.
  • [12] Gioffredi, E., Boffito, M., Calzone, S., Giannitelli, S. M., Rainer, A., Trombetta, M., et al., (2016) Pluronic F127 hydrogel characterization and biofabrication in cellularized constructs for tissue engineering applications. Procedia Cirp, 49, 125-132.
  • [13] Kant, V., Gopal, A., Kumar, D., Gopalkrishnan, A., Pathak, N. N., Kurade, N. P., et al., (2014) Topical pluronic F-127 gel application enhances cutaneous wound healing in rats. Acta histochemica, 116(1), 5-13.
  • [14] Khan, S., Akhtar, N., & Minhas, M. U., (2019) Fabrication, rheological analysis, and in vitro characterization of in situ chemically cross‐linkable thermogels as controlled and prolonged drug depot for localized and systemic delivery. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 30(3), 755-771.
  • [15] Chen, C.-C., Fang, C.-L., Al-Suwayeh, S. A., Leu, Y.-L., & Fang, J.-Y., (2011) Transdermal delivery of selegiline from alginate–Pluronic composite thermogels. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 415(1-2), 119-128.
  • [16] Gratieri, T., Gelfuso, G. M., Rocha, E. M., Sarmento, V. H., de Freitas, O., & Lopez, R. F. V., (2010) A poloxamer/chitosan in situ forming gel with prolonged retention time for ocular delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 75(2), 186-193.
  • [17] Jung, Y.-s., Park, W., Park, H., Lee, D.-K., & Na, K., (2017) Thermo-sensitive injectable hydrogel based on the physical mixing of hyaluronic acid and Pluronic F-127 for sustained NSAID delivery. Carbohydrate polymers, 156, 403-408.
  • [18] Kim, I.-Y., Yoo, M.-K., Kim, B.-C., Kim, S.-K., Lee, H.-C., & Cho, C.-S., (2006) Preparation of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks composed of chitosan and poloxamer. International journal of biological macromolecules, 38(1), 51-58.
  • [19] Dodero, A., Scarfi, S., Mirata, S., Sionkowska, A., Vicini, S., Alloisio, M., et al., (2021) Effect of crosslinking type on the physical-chemical properties and biocompatibility of chitosan-based electrospun membranes. Polymers, 13(5), 831.
  • [20] García-Couce, J., Tomás, M., Fuentes, G., Que, I., Almirall, A., & Cruz, L. J., (2022) Chitosan/Pluronic F127 thermosensitive hydrogel as an injectable dexamethasone delivery carrier. Gels, 8(1), 44.
  • [21] Lee, S.-M., Liu, K.-H., Liu, Y.-Y., Chang, Y.-P., Lin, C.-C., & Chen, Y.-S., (2013) Chitosonic® acid as a novel cosmetic ingredient: Evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant and hydration activities. Materials, 6(4), 1391-1402.
  • [22] Younes, I., & Rinaudo, M., (2015) Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Marine drugs, 13(3), 1133-1174.
  • [23] Zhang, M., Yang, M., Woo, M. W., Li, Y., Han, W., & Dang, X., (2021) High-mechanical strength carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogel film for antibacterial wound dressing. Carbohydrate polymers, 256, 117590.
  • [24] Dang, L. H., Nguyen, T. H., Tran, H. L. B., Doan, V. N., & Tran, N. Q., (2018) Injectable nanocurcumin‐formulated chitosan‐g‐pluronic hydrogel exhibiting a great potential for burn treatment. Journal of healthcare engineering, 2018(1), 5754890.
  • [25] Liu, C., Yang, Q. Q., & Zhou, Y. L., (2024) Peptides and Wound Healing: From Monomer to Combination. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 30(4), 46.
  • [26] Ghosh, S., Chaudhuri, S., Guha, S., & Das, G., (2024) Understanding the multifaceted nature of peptide hydrogels in biomedical research. Academia Materials Science, 1(1).
  • [27] Schmolka, I. R., (1972) Artificial skin I. Preparation and properties of pluronic F‐127 gels for treatment of burns. Journal of biomedical materials research, 6(6), 571-582.
  • [28] Gunes, S., Tamburaci, S., Dalay, M. C., & Deliloglu Gurhan, I., (2017) In vitro evaluation of Spirulina platensis extract incorporated skin cream with its wound healing and antioxidant activities. Pharmaceutical biology, 55(1), 1824-1832.
  • [29] Khaleghi, S., Majedi, Z., Lohrasbi, A., Rahbar, M., & Hajrasouliha, S., (2021) Application of spirulina–chitosan nano hydrogel for enhanced wound healing through alteration of expression pattern of TGF-ß and PDGF genes. J. Biomed. Eng. Med. Dev, 6, 185.
  • [30] Yap, L.-S., & Yang, M.-C., (2020) Thermo-reversible injectable hydrogel composing of pluronic F127 and carboxymethyl hexanoyl chitosan for cell-encapsulation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 185, 110606.
  • [31] Haşimi, N., (2012) Ajuga vestita ve Ajuga xylorrhiza bitkilerinin petrol eteri, aseton ve metanol ekstrelerinin bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır.
  • [32] Queiroz, M. F., Teodosio Melo, K. R., Sabry, D. A., Sassaki, G. L., & Rocha, H. A. O., (2014) Does the use of chitosan contribute to oxalate kidney stone formation? Marine drugs, 13(1), 141-158.
  • [33] Lim, S.-H., & Hudson, S. M., (2004) Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a water-soluble chitosan derivative with a fiber-reactive group. Carbohydrate research, 339(2), 313-319.
  • [34] Elmowafy, M., Alruwaili, N. K., Shalaby, K., Alharbi, K. S., Altowayan, W. M., Ahmad, N., et al., (2020) Long-acting paliperidone parenteral formulations based on polycaprolactone nanoparticles; the influence of stabilizer and chitosan on in vitro release, protein adsorption, and cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics, 12(2), 160.
  • [35] Karolewicz, B., Górniak, A., Owczarek, A., Żurawska-Płaksej, E., Piwowar, A., & Pluta, J., (2014) Thermal, spectroscopic, and dissolution studies of ketoconazole–Pluronic F127 system. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 115(3), 2487-2493.
  • [36] Scanlon, S., & Aggeli, A., (2008) Self-assembling peptide nanotubes. Nano Today, 3(3-4), 22-30.
  • [37] Shim, J., Kang, J., & Yun, S. I., (2021) Chitosan–dipeptide hydrogels as potential anticancer drug delivery systems. International journal of biological macromolecules, 187, 399-408.
  • [38] Ke, C.-L., Deng, F.-S., Chuang, C.-Y., & Lin, C.-H., (2021) Antimicrobial actions and applications of chitosan. Polymers, 13(6), 904.
  • [39] Kim, I.-Y., Yoo, M.-K., Kim, B.-C., Kim, S.-K., Lee, H.-C., & Cho, C.-S., (2006) Preparation of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks composed of chitosan and poloxamer. International journal of biological macromolecules, 38(1), 51-58.
  • [40] Groboillot, A., Champagne, C., Darling, G., Poncelet, D., & Neufeld, R., (1993) Membrane formation by interfacial cross‐linking of chitosan for microencapsulation of Lactococcus lactis. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 42(10), 1157-1163.
  • [41] Sharun, K., Nair, S. S., Banu, S. A., Manjusha, K., Jayakumar, V., Saini, S., et al., (2023) In vitro antimicrobial properties of pluronic F-127 injectable thermoresponsive hydrogel. J Pure Appl Microbiol, 17(2), 1231-1237.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Abdullah Alpkan 0000-0002-6698-5012

Ersin Kılınç 0000-0001-5223-9919

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA69XE96DZ
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alpkan, A., & Kılınç, E. (2026). Development of Biocompatible Polymer Based Synthetic Wound Dressing. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 19(1), 229-242. https://izlik.org/JA69XE96DZ