Geochemical Characteristics of the Late Cretaceous Arc Magmatics Around the Town of Kale (Malatya)

Öz

By this study, the rocks outcropping around the town of Kale (Malatya), which are also a part of the Elazığ Magmatites, have been investigated in terms of their geochemical features. Apart from the Elazığ magmatites, the other units outcropping around the region are the Late Cretaceous Ispendere Ophiolite, the Middle Eocene Maden Complex and the Middle Eocene and younger sedimentary rocks. The volcanic rocks display a compositional range from basalt to rhyolite, whereas the plutonic rocks from gabbro to tonalite and granite. During the field investigations, it is observed that the plutonic rocks intruded into the volcanic rocks. The geochemical data show that the basalts and plutonic rocks, displaying gabbro-tonalite trend, are low-K tholeiitic in character, whereas granite-granodiorites and monzonites have in turn calc-alkaline and shoshonitic characteristics. Investigated magmatic rocks, which are a part of the widespread Late Cretaceous Elazığ Magmatites, are the products of an island arc formed above a northward-dipping intra oceanic subduction zone during the Late Cretaceous closure of the Neotethyan Ocean.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Island Arc,Elazığ Magmatics,Petrography,Geochemistry,Kale,Malatya

Kale (Malatya) İlçesi Çevresindeki Geç Kretase Yaşlı Yay Magmatitlerinin Jeokimyasal Özellikleri

Öz

Bu çalışma ile Kale ilçesi (Malatya) çevresinde yüzeyleyen Geç Kretase yaşlı Elazığ Magmatitleri’ne ait kayaçlar jeokimyasal özellikleri bakımından incelenmektedir. Çalışılan bölgede, Elazığ Magmatitleri dışında Geç Kretase yaşlı İspendere Ofiyolitleri ve Orta Eosen yaşlı Maden Karmaşığı ile yine Orta Eosen ve daha genç yaşlı sedimanter kayaçlar yüzeylemektedir. Yüzey kayaçları bazalttan riyolite; derinlik kayaçları ise gabrodan tonalit ve granite kadar değişen bileşimsel aralıklar sunmaktadır. Arazi çalışmaları sırasında, plutonik kayaçların yüzey kayaçlarını kestiği gözlenmektedir. Jeokimyasal veriler, bazaltlar ve gabro-tonalit yönsemesini gösteren plutonik kayaçların düşük K’lu toleyit, granit-granodiyorit bileşimli kayaçların kalk-alkali ve monzonitik bileşimli kayaçların ise şoşonitik karakterli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bölgede yaygın olarak yüzeyleyen Geç Kretase yaşlı Elazığ Magmatitleri’nin bir parçası olan magmatitler, Geç Kretase’de kuzey yönlü bir yitimle kapanmakta olan Neotetis Okyanusu’nun okyanus içi yitim zonu üzerinde oluşmuş ada yayı ürünleridir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elazığ Magmatitleri,Ada yayı,Petrografi,Jeokimya,Malatya,Kale,Malatya

Kaynakça

1. Akgül M. 1987. Baskil Elazıg granitoyidinin petrografik ve petrolojik özellikleri. Yerbilimleri Geosound, sayı 18, 67-78.
2. Asutay, H.J. 1985. Baskil (Elazıg) çevresinin jeolojik ve petrografik incelenmesi: A.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Doktora Tezi, (yayımlanmamıs), 156, Ankara.
3. Beyarslan, M. 1991. İspendere (Kale-Malatya) Ofiyolitlerinin Petrografik Özellikleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bil. Ens. Yüksek Lisans Tezi (yayımlanmamış). 51s. Elazığ.
4. Beyarslan, M. 1996. Kömürhan ofiyolit biriminin petrografik ve petrolojik incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ, 90s.
5. Beyarslan, M. 2017. Supra-subduction zone magmatism of the Koçali ophiolite, SE Turkey. J. Earth. Sci., 129. 390-402.
6. Beyarslan M., Bingöl A.F. 2000. Petrology of a Supra-Subduction Zone ophiolite (Kömürhan-Elazığ-Turkey), Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 37: 1411-1424.
7. Beyarslan, M., Bingöl A.F. 2010. Ultramafic and Mafic Bodies in Cumulates of Ispendere and Kömürhan Ophiolites (SE Anatolian Belt, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Science and Technology, 511, 19-36.
8. Beyarslan M., Bingöl A.F. 2014. Petrology of the Ispendere Kömürhan and Guleman Ophiolites Southeast Turkey Subduction Initiation Rule SIR Ophiolites and Arc Related Magmatics GEOS 2014. 3rd Annual International Conference on Geological and Earth Sciences, 50-60.

9. Bingöl A.F. 1982. Elazığ-Pertek-Kovancılar arası volkanik kayaçların petrografik ve petrolojik incelemesi, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 9-21.
10. Bingöl A.F. 1984. Geology of the Elazıg area in the Eastern Taurus region, in: Tekeli, O., Göncüoğlu, C.(Eds.), Geology of the Taurus Belt. Proceedings of International Tauride Symposium. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey Publications, pp. 209-216 (in Turkish with English abstract).
11. Bingöl A.F. 1988. Petrographical and Petrological Features of Intrusive Rocks of Yüksekova Complex in the Elazığ region (Eastern Taurus-Turkey). Journ. F.Ü., 312, 1-17.
12. Bingöl A.F. 1994. Geochemistry and petrology of the magmatic rocks of the Kocali Complex in the Cermik area. Jan. 1994, 1 Reads.
13. Bingöl, A.F. ve Aydoğdu, S., 1994. Dutköy (Elazığ) yöresi Magmatit kayaçlarının Petrografik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri. Ç.Ü. Mim. Fak., 15. Sempozyum Bildirileri, Adana, 199-213.
14. Bingöl A.F., Beyarslan M. 1996. Elazığ Magmatitleri'nin jeokimyası ve petrolojisi, 30. Yıl Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Ed. Korkmaz, S. ve Akçay, M., Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, 208-227.
15. Bingöl A.F., Beyarslan M. 2014. Petrology of the Ispendere, Kömürhan and Guleman Ophiolites (Southeast Turkey): Subduction Initiation Rule (SIR) Ophiolites and Arc Related Magmatics. Doı: 10.5176/2251-3353_GEOS14.31.
16. Bingöl, A.F., Beyarslan, M. 2017. Tectonomagmatic evolution of the southeast Anatolian orogenic belt (Turkey): from Gondwana to Anatolia, November 2017, Conference Paper, Thailand.
17. Clift, P.D., Schouten, H., Draut, A.E. 2003. A general model of arc-continent collision and subduction polarity reversal from Taiwan and the Irysh Caledonides. In: Larter, R.D., Leat, P.T. (Eds.), Intraoceanic Subduction Systems (Tectonic and Magmatic Processes) vol. 219. Geological Society Special Publication, pp. 81–98.
18. Coats, R.H. 1962. Magma type and crustal structure in the Aleutian Arc. In: Macdonald, G.A., Kuno, H. (Eds.), The Crust of the Pacific Basin Vol. 6. Am. Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monography, pp. 92–102.
19. Dimalanta, C., Taira, A., Yumul Jr., G.P., Tokuyama, H., Mochizuki, K. 2002. New rates of western Pacific island arc magmatism from seismic and gravity data. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 202, 105–115.
20. Ertürk M.A., Beyarslan M. 2015. Geochemical And Geotectonical Features Of Maden Complex (Eastern Taurus-Turkey). Doi: 10.5176/2251-3353.GeoS15.42.
21. Ertürk, M.A., Beyarslan M., Chung S., Lin T. 2017. Eocene magmatism (Maden Complex) in the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt: Magma genesis and tectonic implications, Geoscience Frontiers, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2017.09.008.
22. Gill, J.B. 1981. Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 390 pp.
23. Hacker, B.R., Mehl, L., Kelemen, P.B., Rioux, M., Behn, M.D., Luffi, P. 2008. Reconstruction of the Talkeetna intraoceanic arc of Alaska through thermobarometry. Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005208.
24. Hastie A.R. 2007. Classification of altered volcanic island arc rocks using immobile trace elements: development of the Th-Co discrimination diagram. Journal of Petrology, 48, 2341-2357.
25. Hempton M.R. 1984. Results of detailed mapping near Lake Hazar (Eastern Taurus Mount). Göncüoglu, M.C.(edt.), Intern. Symp. On the Geol. Of the Taurus Belt., 223-228.
26. Hempton M.R. 1985. Structural and deformation history of the Bitlis Suture near Lake Hazar, Southeastern Turkey. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bult., 96, 233-243.
27. Hempton, R.M., Savcı, G. 1982. Elazığ Volkanik karmaşığının jeolojik, yapısal özellikleri. TJK Bülteni, 25(2): 143-151.
28. Kelemen, P., Hanghoj, K., Greene, A. 2003. One view of the geochemistry of subduction-related magmatic arcs, with an emphasis on primitive andesite and lower crust. In: Rudnick, R.L. (Ed.), The Crust, Treatise on Geochemistry. Vol. 3. Elsevier Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 593–659.
29. Kürüm, S., Akgül, B., Öztüfekçi, Önal A., Boztuğ, D., Harlavan, Y., Ural, M. “An Example for Arc-Type Granitoids along Collision Zones: The Pertek Granitoid, Taurus Orogenic Belt, Turkey”, International Journal of Geoscience, 2, 214-226, 2011.
30. Le Maitre R.W., Bateman P., Dudek A., Keller J., Lameyre J.. Le Bas M.J., Sabine P.A., Schmid R., Sorensen H., Streckeisen A., Woolley A.R., Zanettin B. 1989. A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous rocks. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, U.K. 193 pp.
31. Lin Y.-C., Chung S.-L., Bingöl A.F., Beyarslan M., Lee H.-Y., Yang J.-H. 2015. Petrogenesis of late Cretaceous Elazığ magmatic rocks from SE Turkey: New age and geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic constraints, Goldschmidt Conference, Abstracts, Prague, Czech Republic.
32. Lin Y.C., Chung S.L., Bingöl A.F., Beyarslan M., Li X.H., Yang J.H., Lee H.Y. 2016. Short-lived late Cretaceous arc magmatism in SE Turkey: Temporal geochemical variations and tectonic implications, Goldschmidt Conference, Abstracts, Yokohama, Japan.
33. Maruyama, S., Omori, S., Sensu, H., Kawai, K., Windley, B.F. 2011. Pacific-type Orogens: new concepts and variations in space and time from present to past. Journal of Geography 120, 115–223 (in Japanese with English abstract and captions).
34. M.T.A. 2002. 1/500.000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
35. Okta., E. 2018. Şişman Köyü (Malatya) Çevresi Elazığ Magmatitleri’nin Petrografik Ve Jeokimyasal Özellikleri, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bil. Ens. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 74s. Elazığ.
36. Osanai, Y., Owada, M., Kamei, A., Hamamoto, T., Kagami, H., Toyoshima, T., Nakano, N., Nam, T.N. 2006. The Higo metamorphic complex in Kyushu, Japan as the fragment of Permo-Triassic metamorphic complexes in East Asia. Gondwana Research 9, 152–166.
37. Parlak O., Rızaoğlu T., Bağcı U., Karaoğlan F., Höck V. 2009. Tectonic significance of the geochemistry and petrology of ophiolites in southeast Anatolia, Turkey, Tectonophysics, 473, 173–187.
38. Pearce J.A. 1983. Role of subcontinental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins. In: Hawkesworth, C.J., Norry, M.J. (Eds.), Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths. Shiva Publishing, Nantwich, UK, 230–249.
39. Pearce J.A., Harris N.B.W., Tindle A.G. 1984. Trace Element Discrimination Diagrams for the Tectonic Ġnterpretation of Granitic Rocks. J. Petrol. 25, 954-983.
40. Peccerillo A., Taylor S.R. 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 58, 63-81.
41. Perinçek D. 1979a. Palu-Karabegan-Elazığ-Sivrice-Malatya alanının jeolojisi ve petrol imkanları, T.P.A.O., Ankara, Rap. No. 1361.
42. Perinçek D. 1979b. The geology of Hazro-Korudağ-Çüngüş-Maden-Ergani-Hazar-Elazığ- Malatya Area, Guide Book, The Geological Society of Turkey, 33s.
43. Peterson A.T., Stockwell R.B. 2002. Effects of sample size on accuracy of species distribution models. Vol. 148, Issue 1, Journal Sci:1-13.
44. Rızaoglu T., Parlak O., Koller F., Höçk V., İsler F. 2005. Geochemistry and Tectonic significance of the Baskil Granitoid rocks From the Southeast Anatolian Orogen (Elazıg, Turkey). Int. Sym. On the Geodyn. of E. Mediterranean: Active Tectonics of the Aegen Region, İstanbul, Turkey, s:228.
45. Rızaoğlu, T. 2009. Andean-type active margin formation in the eastern Taurides: Geochemical and geochronological evidence from the Baskil granitoid (Elazıǧ, SE Turkey). 473, Issue 1, pp 188-207.Rizeli M.E., Beyarslan M., Wang K., Bingöl A.F. 2016. Mineral chemistry and petrology of mantle peridotites from the Guleman ophiolite (SE Anatolia, Turkey): Evidence of a forearc setting. Can. J. Earth Sci., 123, 392-402.
46. Robertson H.F., Collins A.S., Ustaömer T., Ustaömer P.A. Gerdes A. 2012. Evidence of Precambrian sedimentation/magmatism and Cambrian metamorphism in the Bitlis Massif, SE Turkey utilising whole-rock geochemistry and U–Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon dating. Vol. 21, Issue 4, Journal Sci: 1001-1018.
47. Rudnick, R.L., Gao, S. 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick, R.L. (Ed.), The Crust, Treatise in Geochemistry, volume 3. Elsevier-Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 1–64.
48. Sar, A. 2016. Pertek (Tunceli) Güneydoğusundaki Granitoidlerin Petrolojisi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fırat Üniveristesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 72s.
49. Sun S.S., Mc Donough F. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geo. Soci: pp, 42, 313-345.
50. Stern, R. 2010. The anatomy and ontogeny of modern intra-oceanic arc systems. In: Kusky, T.M., Zhai,M.-G., Xiao,W. (Eds.), The Evolving Continents: Understanding Processes of Continental Growth. Geological Society of London Special Publications Vol. 338, pp. 7–34.
51. Tatsumi, Y. 1989. Migration of fluid phases and genesis of basalt magmas in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 4697–4707.
52. Turan M., Aksoy, E., Bingöl A.F. 1995. Doğu Torosların Jeodinamik Evriminin Elazığ cıvarındaki Özellikleri., F.Ü.Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 / 2, 177-200.
53. Turan M., Bingöl A.F, Aksoy E., 1993. Doğu Toroslar’ın Jeodinamik Evriminin Elazığ Civarındaki Özellikleri. H.Ü. Yerbilimleri 25. yılı Sempozyumu, Ankara.
54. Ural M., Göncüoğlu U.K., Arslan M. 2012. Elazığ ve Yakın Çevresinde yer alan Yüksekova Karmaşığındaki Volkanik kayaların Yaşı ve Jeodinamik Yorumu, JW Marriott Hotel,317-318.
55. Ural M., Arslan M., Göncüoglu M.C., Tekin U.K, Kürüm S. 2015. Late Cretaceous arc and back-arc formation within the southern neotethys: whole-rock, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data from basaltic rocks of the yüksekova complex (Malatya- Elazığ, SE Turkey), Ofioliti, 40 (1), 57-72.
56. Yazgan E. 1981. Doğu Toroslarda etkin bir Paleo-kıta kenarı etüdü (Üst Kretase-Orta Eosen): H.Ü Yerbilimleri, 7,83-104.
57. Yazgan, E. 1983. A geotraverse Between the Arabian Platform and the Munzur Nappes. Geology of the Taurus Belt. Int. Symp. Guide Book for Excursion V., 17, MTA Ankara.
58. Yazgan E. 1984. Geodynamic evolution of the eastern Taurus region, in: Tekeli, O., Göncüoğlu, C. (Eds.), Geology of the Taurus Belt. Proceedings of International Tauride Symposium Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey Publications, pp. 199-208 (in Turkish with English abstract).
59. Yazgan E., Chessex R. 1991. Geology and tectonic evolution of the Southeastern Taurides in the region of Malatya. Türkiye Petrol Jeol. Der. Bült., 3,11 -42.
60. Whalen J.B., Currie K.L., Chappell B.W. 1987. A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 95, 407–419.