Böbrek Taşlarının Yapısı, Çeşitli Asitlerin Etkisi ve Tedavi Yöntemleri

Öz

Böbrek taşı, insanların çok çektiği ve çok sık karşılaştığı hastalıklardan biridir. Tedavisi genellikle hastanın ve taşın özelliğine göre konservatif, medikal veya cerrahi olarak yapılır. Bu çalışmada üriner sistem taş hastalıklarından kalsiyum oksalat böbrek taşının yapısı incelenmiş ve günümüzde bu taşın tedavisinde kullanılan yöntemler, tedavideki başarısı, bu yöntemlerin avantaj ve dezavantajları karşılaştırılarak asit etkisi araştırılmıştır. İlk olarak kalsiyum oksalat yapısı sentezlenerek asetik asit, asetik asit glacial, sitrik asit, limon ve hidroklorik asidin bu yapıya etkisi araştırıldı. Ardından XRD, FT-IR ve SEM yöntemleriyle taşın yapısı belirlendi. CaC2O4 taşı sentezlendi ve spektroskopik yöntemlerle incelendi. Tüm sentezlerin X ışını kırınım modeli benzer bir yapıya ve bir kalsiyum oksalat tepesine sahip olduğu tespit edildi. Literatür ile uyumludur. FT-IR spektrumunda, incelenen tüm sentezler için 3700 ile 2760 cm-1 arasındaki bölgede geniş bir spektrum gözlemlendi. H6 için COM yapısını ve H1, H2, H3 ve H4 için COD yapısını ortaya koyduğu görüldü. Diğer asitlerin sentetik kalsiyum oksalat üzerindeki etkileri SEM görüntüleri kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı. Partiküllerin boyutsal dağılımının üniform ve sitrik asit ilave edilen H4 için diğerlerinden daha küçük olduğu durumlarda elde edildi. Glacial asetik asit eklenerek gerçekleşen sentezde partiküllerde kümelenme eğiliminin diğerlerine göre daha yüksek olduğu görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Böbrek Taşı,
• Kalsiyum Oksalat,
• Asit,
• XRD,
• FTIR.

The Structure, The Effect of Variety Acids and Treatment Methods of Kidney Stones

Öz

A kidney stone is one of the diseases that people have a lot of suffered and faced very often. Its treatment is generally performed conservatively, medically, or surgically according to the characteristics of the patient and the stone. In this study, the structure of calcium oxalate kidney stone from urinary system stone diseases is examined and the methods used in the treatment of this stone today, the success in the treatment, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were compared and researched acid effect on the structure of these stone. The calcium oxalate structure was synthesized in this study. The effect of acetic acid, acetic acid glacial, citric acid, lemon and hydrochloric acid on this structure was investigated. Then, the structure of stone was determined by XRD, FT-IR and SEM methods. The CaC2O4 stone was synthesized and examined using spectroscopic methods. The X-ray diffraction pattern of all syntheses has a similar structure and has a calcium oxalate peak. It is compatible with the literature. In the FT-IR spectrum, a broad spectrum peak was observed in the region between 3700 and 2760 cm-1 for all studied syntheses. It reveals the COM structure for H6, and the COD structure for H1, H2, H3, and H4. The effects of other acids on synthetic calcium oxalate were compared by using SEM images. It was obtained where the dimensional distribution of the particles was uniform and smaller than the others for the H4 which citric acid was added. It was observed that the tendency to cluster in the particles was higher than the others in the synthesis by adding glacial acetic acid.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kidney Stone,
• Calcium Oxalate,
• Acids,
• XRD,
• FTIR.

Kaynakça

1. Munoz, J.A., Valiente M. 2005. Effects of trace metals on the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization. Urological Research, 33(2005), 267-272.
2. Sheehan, M.E. 1981. The Kinetics of Crystal Growth of Calcium Oxalate, Ph. D. Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo.
3. Miller, J.D. 1996. Crystallization kinetics of calcium oxalate in simulated urine. The University of Arizona. Ph.D. Thesis, 246p.
4. Çatar, Ö. Ü. 2010. Investigation of gene polymorphisms affecting kidney stone formation. Master Thesis, Haliç University Institute of Science and Technology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, 1-10.
5. Pınar, Ş., 2004. Crystal Structure Research and Qualitative Analysis of Kidney Stones by X-Ray Powder Diffraction Method Erciyes University, Master Thesis.
6. Yalçın, S., Dilsiz, N., Gülüm, M. 2014. Investigation of the composition of kidney stone taken from Sanliurfa, south of Turkey, Urolithiasis 42(4)(2014), 363–364.
7. Akyol, E. 2006. Effect of Block Copolymers on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization, PhD Thesis, YTU Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul.
8. Opalko, F.J., Adair, J.H., Khan, S.R. 1997. Heterogeneous nucleation of calcium-oxalate trihydrate in artificial urine by constant composition. Journal of Crystal Growth, 181(1997), 410-417.

9. Jung, T., Kim, W.S. and Choi, C.K. 2004. “Biomineralization of Calcium Oxalate for Controlling Crystal Structure and Morphology”, Materials Science and Engineering, C, 24(2004), 31-33.
10. Jung, T., Kim, W.S. and Choi, C.K. 2005.“Crystal Structure and Morphology Control of Calcium Oxalate Using Biopolymeric Additives in Crystallization”, Journal of Crystal Growth, 279(2005), 154-162.
11. Yu, J., Tang, H., Cheng, B. 2005. Influence of PSSS additive and temperature on morphology and phase structures of calcium oxalate. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 288(2005) 407–411.
12. (a) Akyol, E. and Öner, M. 2007. “Inhabition of Calsium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystal Growth Using Polyelectrolytes”, Journal of Crystal Growth, 307(2007), 137-144. (b) Ceylan, K., Sünbül, O., Shin, A., Güneş, M. 2005. Ureteroscopic Treatment of Ureteral Lithiasis with Pneumatic lithotripsy: Analysis of 287 Procedures in a Public Hospital. Urol Res, 33(2005), 422-5.
13. Öner, M. and Calvert. P. 1994. ”Effect of Architecture of Acylic Polyelectrolytes on Inhibition of Oxalate Crystallization”, Materials Science & Engineering, 2(1994), 93-101.
14. http://drtepeler.com/uretero-renoskopik-tas-kirma-urs-nedir/
15. Kölükçü, E., Kılıç, Ş., Parlaktaş, B. S., Uluocak, N., Atılgan, D., Alkan, E., Erdemir, F., Eser, M.A., 2019. Our Stone Breaking Results with Extracorporeal Shock Waves in the Treatment of Upper Ureter Stones. J Health Sci Med, 2(1)(2019), 13-17.
16. Bal, F. 2013. The Effectiveness of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Small Kidney Stones <2 cm. Master thesis, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Kırıkkale.
17. Müslümanoğlu, A., Esen, T., and Tefekli, A. 2007. Urinary System Stone Disease, Istanbul: Nobel Medical Bookstores.
18. Adayener, C., İşeri, C., Şenkul, T., Kardemir, K., Baykal, K., Erden, D. 2002. Recurrent Stone Disease: An Epidemiological Study Turkish Journal of Urology 28(4)(2002).
19. Binbay, M., Erbin, A., Müslümanoğlu, A. Y., 2011. Role of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery in the treatment of lower renal calyceal stones. Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Urology Clinic, İstanbul, 2(2011), 331-333.
20. Reşorlu, B., Ünsal, A., 2011. ‘Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in the Treatment of Kidney Stones (RIRC)’. Ministry of Health, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Urology Clinic, Ankara Turk Urol Sem 2(2011), 64-7.
21. Hacıyev, P. 2015. Comparison of retrograde intrarenal surgery and micro percutaneous techniques in the treatment of kidney stones smaller than 2 cm. Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Specialty Thesis in Medicine, (2015), 2-9.
22. Özçift, B., Bal, K., Bölükbaşı, A. and Dinçel, Ç. 2013. Our Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Experience in the Treatment of Kidney Stones: 200 Cases, 20(2)(2013), 62-63.
23. Aslan, Y., Kırılmaz, U., Tuncel, A., Nalçacıoğlu, V., Balcı, M., Atan, A., 2010. ‘Our Results of Rigid Ureteroscopy and Pneumatic Lithotripsy in Patients with Ureteral Stones.’ Ministry of Health Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, 3. Urology Clinic, Ankara. Turkish Journal of Urology 36(3)(2010), 263-269.
24. Kaba, M., Pirinçi, N., Taken, K., Kaba, S., Geçit, İ., Eren, H., Demir, M., Ceylan, K. 2005. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Experience in Pediatric Kidney Stones. Van Medical Journal 22(3)(2005), 173-176.
25. Ongun, K. 2011. Investigation of the Effects of Natural and Synthetic Additives on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization, Master's thesis, YTU Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Istanbul.
26. Akyol, E., Ongun, K., Kirboga, S., Oner, M. 2016. A kinetic study for calcium oxalate crystallization in the presence of Viburnum opulus extract. Biointerface Research In Applied Chemistry, 6(2016), 1059-1063.
27. Akyol, E. 2016. " Investigation of the Effect of Dandelion (Taraxacum Offcinale) Plant on Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystal Growth." Iğdır University Journal of the Institute of Science, 6.3(2016), 97-105.
28. Sancak, E. B., Burak, E., Reşorlu, B. 2015. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation. Cilt. 9 Sayı 3 (2015), s161-166.
29. Davarcı, M., Rifaioğlu, M., Yalçınkaya, F. R., İnci, M. 2012. Two-Year Shock Wave Stone Scratching Results for Urinary System Stones. Dicle Medical Journal/39 (3)(2012), 377-380.
30. Güvenç, A. A., Atioğlu, Z., & Akkurt, M. 2019. Bazı Üriner Sistem Taşlarının X-Işını Toz Kırınım Yöntemi ile Nitel Analizi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 35(3)(2019), 59-77.
31. Önal, H. 2020. Böbrek Taşları ve Tedavi Yöntemleri, Harran Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.