OBEZİTENİN GENETİK VE PATOFİZYOLOJİSİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 265 - 272, 15.06.2018

Nuray Öztaşan , Onur Oral

Öz

Obezite'nin
başlangıcı ve gelişiminin temelinde ailesel kalıtım önemlidir.  Çevresel
faktörler, hareketsizlik ve aşırı beslenme, fazla miktarda yağlı ve yüksek
kalorili yiyeceklerin tüketilmesi gibi sosyo-ekonomik durumla ilgili
multifaktöriyel bir hastalıktır. Obezite gelişmiş ülkelerde önemli bir sağlık
sorunu iken gelişmekte olan ülkelerde de hızla majör bir sağlık sorunu hale
gelmektedir. Bundan dolayı tanı konulması ve gerekli  önlemlerin alınması önemlidir. Fakat  tedavisi her zaman başarılı olmayabilir.
Sağlıklı obezite terimi, obezitenin sınıflandırılmasında bir alt kategori
olarak önerilmiştir.  Sağlıklı obez
insanlar VKI (Vücut Kitle İndeksi) açısından iki gruba ayrılabilir: İnsülin
direnci olanlar veya insülin duyarlılığı yüksek olan bireyler. Henüz  bu grupların ayırımı tam yapılamamıştır. VKI
arttıkça bazı metabolik hastalıklar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sürekli artan VKİ,  metabolik sendromun tüm bileşenlerinin
oluşumunu gittikçe artırmaktadır. Sağlıklı kişiler ve sağlıksız obezite,
arasındaki ayrım için  özellikle
metabolik hastalıkların obezite ile ilişkili mekanizmaları incelenmelidir.
Obesite tanımında bu alt gruplar arasında önemli örtüşmelerin dikkate alınması
gereklidir.

Bu
sebeple yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarının ve stresin oluşturduğu obesitenin
azaltılması, okul öncesi çocukların obeziteye yatkınlığının genetik olarak
taranmaları ile nesillerin daha  sağlıklı
yetişmelerine katkı sağlanabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obesite, obesite genetiği, obesite fizyolojisi

Kaynakça

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