Araştırma Makalesi
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The Effects of Geopolitical Risk and Oil Price Uncertainty over the Metal Markets

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 320 - 332, 29.12.2025

Öz

Financial globalization has significantly accelerated the financialization of physical commodities, leading to a closer integration of financial markets with commodity markets. The financialization of commodities has increased liquidity in financial markets and offered investors investment opportunities across various asset classes. These developments have led to the development of derivative markets and the diversification of financial instruments. However, this situation has also brought price volatility and potential systemic risks. Rising global geopolitical risks and oil price uncertainties have significantly impacted commodity markets. These factors have caused fluctuations in metal prices. For this reason, this paper aims to investigate how the global geopolitical risk index and oil price uncertainty index affect metal futures prices. In the study covering the period of January 1, 2013- July 24, 2024, four different SVAR models were applied to estimate the four metal series consisting of aluminum, copper, zinc, and tin. The estimation results from the SVAR models have revealed that global geopolitical risks and uncertainties in oil prices generally have a negative impact on all metal prices. Furthermore, while aluminum is more significantly affected by these risks and uncertainties compared to other metals, it is particularly impacted by geopolitical risks. These findings are expected to assist market participants in their strategy development and decision-making processes, while also contributing to the existing literature.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmadi, M. Behmiri, N. B., & Manera, M. (2016). How is volatility in commodity markets linked to oil price shocks?, Energy Economics, Vol. 59, 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.07.006
  • Balcilar, M., Bekiros, S., Gupta., R., & Jooste, C. (2020). The impact of geopolitical risk on energy and commodity prices. Energy Economics, 88, 104779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104779
  • Bernanke, B. S. (1986). Alternative Explanations of Money-Income Correlation, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series of Public Policy, 25(1), 49-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(86)90037-0
  • Bloom, N. (2009). The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks. Econometrica, 77(3), 623–685. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA6248
  • Caldara, D., & Iacoviello, M. (2022). Measuring geopolitical risk. American Economic Review, 112(4), 1194–1225. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191873
  • Ciner, C., Lucey, B.M., & Yarovaya, L. (2020). Spillovers, integration and causality in LME non-ferrous metal markets. Journal of Commodity Markets, Vol.17, 100079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2020.100079
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348 Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49(4),1057-1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Dutta, A. (2018). Impacts of oil volatility shocks on metal markets: A research note. Resources Policy, Vol. 55, 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.09.003
  • Gazel, S. (2017). BİST Sınai Endeksi ile Çeşitli Metaller Arasındaki İlişki: Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi, Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(52), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.12637
  • Hammoudeh, S., & Yuan, Y. (2008). Metal volatility in presence of oil and interest rate shocks. Energy Economics, 30(2), 606-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2007.09.004
  • Kilian, L. (2009). Not all Oil Price Shocks Are Alike: Disentangling Demand and Supply Shocks in the Crude Oil Market. American Economic Review, 99(3), 1053–69. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.3.1053
  • Mitsas, S., Golitsis, P., & Khudoykulov, K. (2022). Investigating the impact of geopolitical risks on the commodity futures, Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 2049477, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2049477
  • Özgül, A.U., & Kök, D. (2014). Londra Metal Borsası Volatilite Analizi: 1995-2013. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Studies, PJESS, 1(1), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.5505/pjess.2014.98608
  • Phillips, P., & Perron P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346. https://doi.org/10.2307/2336182
  • Sertkaya, B. (2022). Korku Endeksi (VIX) ile Emtia Piyasaları Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Analizi. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 87-103 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/diclesosbed/issue/73179/1146553
  • Sezen, S. (2023). Petrol Fiyatları ile Kıymetli Metal Fiyatları Arasında Zamanla Değişen Volatilite Yayılma Etkisinin Analizi, Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 8(2), 385-399.
  • Shapiro, M. D., & Watson, M. W. (1988). Sources of business cycle fluctuations. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 3, 111–148. https://doi.org/10.1086/654129
  • Sims, C. A. (1980). Macroeconomics and Reality. Econometrica, 48 (1), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912017
  • Sims, C. A. (1986). Are Forecasting Models Usable for Policy Analysis? Quarterly Review, (Win), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.21034/qr.1011
  • Sims, C. A., Stock, J. H., & Watson, M. W. (1990). Inference in Linear Time Series Models with Some Unit Roots. Econometrica, 58(1),113-144. https://doi.org/10.21034/qr.1011
  • Tang, K., & Xiong, W. (2012). Index investment and the financialization of commodities. Financial Analysts Journal, 68(6), 54-74. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v68.n6. 5
  • Yilanci, V., & Kilci, E.N. (2021). The Role of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitical Risk in Predicting Prices of Precious Metals: Evidence from a Time-Varying Bootstrap Causality Test, Resources Policy, Vol. 72, 102039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102039

Jeopolitik Risk ve Petrol Fiyat Belirsizliğinin Metal Piyasaları Üzerindeki Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 320 - 332, 29.12.2025

Öz

Finansal küreselleşme, fiziksel emtianın finansallaşmasını önemli ölçüde hızlandırmış ve finansal piyasaların emtia piyasalarıyla daha yakın bir şekilde bütünleşmesine yol açmıştır. Emtianın finansallaşması, finansal piyasalardaki likiditeyi artırmış ve yatırımcılara çeşitli varlık sınıflarında yatırım fırsatları sunmuştur. Bu gelişmeler türev piyasaların gelişmesine ve finansal araçların çeşitlenmesine yol açmıştır. Ancak, bu durum fiyat oynaklığını ve potansiyel sistemik riskleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Artan küresel jeopolitik riskler ve petrol fiyatı belirsizlikleri emtia piyasalarını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Bu faktörler metal fiyatlarında dalgalanmalara neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle bu makale, küresel jeopolitik risk endeksi ve petrol fiyatı belirsizlik endeksinin metal vadeli işlem fiyatlarını nasıl etkilediğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. 1 Ocak 2013-24 Temmuz 2024 dönemini kapsayan çalışmada, alüminyum, bakır, çinko ve kalaydan oluşan dört metal serisini tahmin etmek için dört farklı SVAR modeli uygulanmıştır. SVAR modellerinden elde edilen tahmin sonuçları, küresel jeopolitik risklerin ve petrol fiyatlarındaki belirsizliklerin genel olarak tüm metal fiyatlarını negatif etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, alüminyum bu risk ve belirsizliklerden diğer metallere kıyasla daha fazla etkilenirken, özellikle jeopolitik risklerden belirgin bir şekilde etkilenmektedir. Bu bulguların, piyasa katılımcılarının strateji geliştirme ve karar alma süreçlerine yardımcı olması, aynı zamanda mevcut literatüre de katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Ahmadi, M. Behmiri, N. B., & Manera, M. (2016). How is volatility in commodity markets linked to oil price shocks?, Energy Economics, Vol. 59, 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.07.006
  • Balcilar, M., Bekiros, S., Gupta., R., & Jooste, C. (2020). The impact of geopolitical risk on energy and commodity prices. Energy Economics, 88, 104779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104779
  • Bernanke, B. S. (1986). Alternative Explanations of Money-Income Correlation, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series of Public Policy, 25(1), 49-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(86)90037-0
  • Bloom, N. (2009). The Impact of Uncertainty Shocks. Econometrica, 77(3), 623–685. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA6248
  • Caldara, D., & Iacoviello, M. (2022). Measuring geopolitical risk. American Economic Review, 112(4), 1194–1225. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191873
  • Ciner, C., Lucey, B.M., & Yarovaya, L. (2020). Spillovers, integration and causality in LME non-ferrous metal markets. Journal of Commodity Markets, Vol.17, 100079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomm.2020.100079
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348 Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49(4),1057-1072. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912517
  • Dutta, A. (2018). Impacts of oil volatility shocks on metal markets: A research note. Resources Policy, Vol. 55, 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.09.003
  • Gazel, S. (2017). BİST Sınai Endeksi ile Çeşitli Metaller Arasındaki İlişki: Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi, Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(52), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.12637
  • Hammoudeh, S., & Yuan, Y. (2008). Metal volatility in presence of oil and interest rate shocks. Energy Economics, 30(2), 606-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2007.09.004
  • Kilian, L. (2009). Not all Oil Price Shocks Are Alike: Disentangling Demand and Supply Shocks in the Crude Oil Market. American Economic Review, 99(3), 1053–69. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.3.1053
  • Mitsas, S., Golitsis, P., & Khudoykulov, K. (2022). Investigating the impact of geopolitical risks on the commodity futures, Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 2049477, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2049477
  • Özgül, A.U., & Kök, D. (2014). Londra Metal Borsası Volatilite Analizi: 1995-2013. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Studies, PJESS, 1(1), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.5505/pjess.2014.98608
  • Phillips, P., & Perron P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346. https://doi.org/10.2307/2336182
  • Sertkaya, B. (2022). Korku Endeksi (VIX) ile Emtia Piyasaları Arasındaki İlişkinin Ampirik Analizi. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 87-103 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/diclesosbed/issue/73179/1146553
  • Sezen, S. (2023). Petrol Fiyatları ile Kıymetli Metal Fiyatları Arasında Zamanla Değişen Volatilite Yayılma Etkisinin Analizi, Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 8(2), 385-399.
  • Shapiro, M. D., & Watson, M. W. (1988). Sources of business cycle fluctuations. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 3, 111–148. https://doi.org/10.1086/654129
  • Sims, C. A. (1980). Macroeconomics and Reality. Econometrica, 48 (1), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912017
  • Sims, C. A. (1986). Are Forecasting Models Usable for Policy Analysis? Quarterly Review, (Win), 2-16. https://doi.org/10.21034/qr.1011
  • Sims, C. A., Stock, J. H., & Watson, M. W. (1990). Inference in Linear Time Series Models with Some Unit Roots. Econometrica, 58(1),113-144. https://doi.org/10.21034/qr.1011
  • Tang, K., & Xiong, W. (2012). Index investment and the financialization of commodities. Financial Analysts Journal, 68(6), 54-74. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v68.n6. 5
  • Yilanci, V., & Kilci, E.N. (2021). The Role of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Geopolitical Risk in Predicting Prices of Precious Metals: Evidence from a Time-Varying Bootstrap Causality Test, Resources Policy, Vol. 72, 102039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102039
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası Finans, Finansal Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İsmail Şencan 0000-0002-9349-9669

Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şencan, İ. (2025). Jeopolitik Risk ve Petrol Fiyat Belirsizliğinin Metal Piyasaları Üzerindeki Etkileri. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 21(2), 320-332.

İletişim Adresi: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14030 Gölköy-BOLU

Tel: 0 374 254 10 00 / 14 86 Faks: 0 374 253 45 21 E-posta: iibfdergi@ibu.edu.tr

ISSN (Basılı) : 1306-2174 ISSN (Elektronik) : 1306-3553