CYPRUS QUESTION AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 433 - 442, 31.12.2020

Kamer Kasım

Öz

The Cyprus question is widely discussed in the diplomatic and academic circles since the Cold War era. During the Cold War years, the Cyprus question worried the Western Bloc due to the fact that the two NATO allies Turkey and Greece came face to face which may have been damaged the southern wing of NATO. In fact, the establishment of the Cyprus Republic with London and Zurich Treaties aimed to accomplish a solution different than Turkey’s division of Cyprus and Greece’s ENOSIS (Cyprus’s integration with Greece) plans. However, it did not work and the Republic of Cyprus de facto ended with Greek Cypriot’s attacked to the Turks in Christmas of 1963. After the Greece’s backed military coup in Cyprus and overthrown of Makarious, Turkey conducted Cyprus Peace Operation to save Turks in the island in 1974. Turkey used its rights given by the Guarantee Agreements. All negotiations for the solution of the Cyprus question failed. Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus’s application for the EU membership added the new parameter in the Cyprus issue. The Cyprus question continued in the post-Cold War era with the new parameters. The efforts to solve the question before the Cyprus’s membership of the EU failed with the rejection of the Annan Plan from the Greek side in the referendum. As a result the Greek Administration of the Southern Cyprus became EU member and the Cyprus question remains unsolved. The developments in the international system also altered the parameters of the Cyprus question.
In this paper the Cyprus question will be analyzed in the light of international developments and the Cyprus question’s interactions with international system will be evaluated discussing possible scenarios in the issue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cyprus, Turkey, TRNC, Greece, Annan Plan, International System

Proje Numarası

Proje No:2017.04.04.1215

Kaynakça

• CAPLAN, R. (2010). “ICT’s Advisory Opinion on Kosovo”, http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PB55%20The%20ICJs%20Advisory%20Opinion%20on%20Kosovo.pdf, 17 September.
• DODD, H. C. (1998). The Cyprus Imbroglio, Huntingdon: The Eothen Press.
• ERTEGÜN, N. (1984). The Cyprus Dispute and the Birth of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Nicosia: Rüstem and Brother.
• French, D. (2015). Fighting EOKA the British Counter-Insurgency Campaign on Cyprus, 1955-1959, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• GÖZÜGÜZELLI, E. (2008). Vurun “Kahpe” Kıbrıs’a, İstanbul: Togan Yayıncılık.
• KAHVECİ, H. (2018), “Güney Kıbrıs’ın Parselleri KKTC’nin Parselleriyle Çakışmaktadır.”, https://www.gundemkibris.com/kibris/guney-kibris-parselleri-kktcnin-parselleri-ile-cakismaktadirh244188.html, 30 Mart.
• KASIM, K. (2018). “Kıbrıs Sorununda Enerji Boyutu”, 2. Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Sempozyumu, Trabzon, 15-16 November 2018, pp. 170-186.
• KASIM, K. (2017). Uluslararası Sistemdeki Değişimlerin Kıbrıs Sorununa Etkisi, T. Arı ve Ç. Aydın Koyuncu içinde, IX. Uludağ Uluslararası İlişkiler Konferansı-Dünya politikasında Kriz ve Değişim (278-295), Bursa: Dora Yayınları.
• KASIM, K and EREN KASIM, E (2017). “Taiwan-Cyprus-Kosovo Cases: Differences and Similarities”, Journal of Administrative Sciences/Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15 (30), 553-572. KASIM, K (2007). “Soğuk Savaş Dönemi Sonrası Kıbrıs Sorunu”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, 1 (1), winter, 57-72.
• KASIM, K (2005), “Kıbrıs Sorunu ve Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne Üyelik Süreci”, H. Arıkan and M. Kar içinde, Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri, Siyasal, Bölgesel ve Ekonomik Boyutlar, (259-273), Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
• KESER, U (2013). “Bloody Christmas of 1963 in Cyprus in the Light of American Documents”, Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies, XIII/26, spring, 249-271.
• LANDAU, M. J. (1974). “Johnson’s 1964 Letter to İnönü and the Greek Lobbying at the White House”, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, vol. 14, 45-58.
• LINDSAY, J-.K. (2011). The Cyprus Problem, What Everyone Needs to Know, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• OLGUN, M. E (2019). “Hydrocarbons to Determine Political Future of Cyprus: Op-ed”, Hürriyet Daily News, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/hydrocarbons-to-determine-political-future-of-cyprus-op-ed-147907, 25 October, (Accessed 30 December 2019).
• OLGUN, M. E (2018). “Analysis: Where to next in Cyprus?”, Hürriyet Daily News, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/analysis-where-to-next-in-cyprus-139441, 5 December, (Accessed 22 February 2019).
• SAFTY, A. (2011). The Cyprus Question, Diplomacy and International Law, Bloomington: I Universe.
• SAĞSEN, İ. (2019). “Turkey-TRNC Natural Gas Pipeline to Change Geopolitical Balance in Med”, Anadolu Agency, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis/turkey-trnc-natural-gas-pipeline-to-change-geopolitical-balance-in-emed/1684563, 26 December.
• YIOLITIS, E. (2016). “Back to base: what does Brexit mean for UK sovereign bases in Cyprus?”, https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=aa35f06c-c8f6-402d-8d5c-40f2fdf96525, 30 September. (Accessed 27 January 2019).
• Anadolu Ajansı (2020), “Reopening N. Cypriot Town to Gain Ground After Covid-19”, 7 June (Accessed 20 July 2020).
• Anadolu Ajansı (2020), “KKTC Başbakanı Tatar Türkler Doğu Akdeniz’de Rumlar Kadar Hak Sahibidirler”, 13 February (Accessed 20 February 2020).
• Anadolu Ajansı (2019), “Turkey-Libya Deal Adheres to International Law”, 11 December. (Accessed 30 December 2019).
• Anadolu Ajansı (2018), “KKTC Ekonomi ve Enerji Bakanı Nami:Parsellerin Tamamında Kıbrıs Türk Halkının Payı Var”, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kktc-ekonomi-ve-enerji-bakani-nami-parsellerin-tamaminda-kibris-turk-halkinin-hakki-var/1068223# , 20 Şubat. (Accessed 12 November 2019).
• Anadolu Ajansı, (2018). Milli Sondaj Gemisi Fatih Akdeniz’de İlk Sondajına Başlıyor, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gunun-basliklari/milli-sondaj-gemisi-fatih-akdenizde-ilk-sondajina-basliyor/1297748, 30 October. (Accessed 7 February 2019).
• Enerji ve Tabii kaynaklar Bakanlığı, “KKTC ve Türkiye Arasında Kapsamlı Enerji İşbirliği Anlaşması İmzalandı”, http://www.enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Bakanlik-Haberleri/Turkiye-Ve-KKTC-Arasinda-Kapsamli-Enerji-Isbirligi-Anlasmasi-Imzalandi, 11 October 2016. (Accessed 18 February 2018).
• The Cyprus Mail (2017), “Cyprus-France Seen Upping Defence Ties”, https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/11/07/cyprus-france-seen-upping-defence-ties/, 7 November.
• UN Security Council Resolution, (1990). http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/649, 12 March. (Accessed 7 February 2019).
• “Declaration by Turkey on Cyprus”, Republic of Turkey, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/declaration-by-turkey-on-cyprus_-29-july-2005.en.mfa, 29 July 2005. (Accessed 22 January 2019).
• Text of the Annan Plan, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/bm-kapsamli-cozum-plani-_annan-plani_.tr.mfa, (Accessed 10 January 2019).
• “Kosovo Breakaway Illegal Says Putin”, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/ world/2008/feb/15/russia.kosovo, 15 February 2008. (Accessed 7 January 2019).