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THE EFFECT OF COUNTRIES’ DEMOCRACY LEVELS ON THE GLOBAL GENDER GAP: A STUDY ON OECD COUNTRIES

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 171 - 182, 28.05.2021

Öz

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of countries’ democracy levels on the global gender gap. In this context, the Democracy Index prepared by the Economist Intelligence Unit that assesses the quality of democracy in a country and the Global Gender Gap Index published by the World Economic Forum were used to study the given relation. Moreover, the Human Development Index and the Gross Domestic Product were added as independent variables in order to increase the explanatory power of the regression model that examines the effect of the Democracy Index on the Global Gender Gap Index. The sample of the study consists of the OECD countries and the panel data set obtained for these countries covering the years between 2006 and 2018 was tested by regression analysis. As a result, it is concluded that the Democracy Index affects the Global Gender Gap Index negatively while the Human Development Index and the Gross Domestic Product affect the Global Gender Gap Index positively.

Kaynakça

  • Alesina, A., Di Tella, R., MacCulloch, R. “Inequality and happiness: Are Europeans and Americans different?” Journal of Public Economics, 2004, 88(9-10), 2009-2042.
  • Apple, M., Beane, J. A. Democratic Schools: Lessons in Powerful Education. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2007.
  • Balaev M. “Improving models of democracy: the example of lagged effects of economic development, education, and gender equality,” Social Science Research, 2014, 4, 169-83.
  • Beer C. “Democracy and Gender Equality”, Comparative International Development, 2009, 44(3), 212-227.
  • Brookings Working Paper on Democracy and Gender Equality and Security, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2017.
  • Dahl R. Demokrasi Üstüne, Çev. B. Kadıoğlu, Phoenix Yayınevi, Ankara, 2001.
  • Despotis D. “Measuring Human Development via Data Envelopment Analysis: The Case of Asia and the Pacific”, OMEGA The International Journal of Management Science, 2005, Volume 33, Issue 5, 385-390.
  • Fallon, K., Swiss, L., Viterna, J. “Resolving the Democracy Paradox: Democratization and Women’s Legislative Representation in Developing Nations, 1975 to 2009”, American Sociological Review, 2012, 77(3), 380–408.
  • Filmer, D., Scott, K. “Assessing Asset Indices” Demography, 2012, 49(1), 359-392.
  • Girón, A., Correa, E. “Post-Crisis Gender Gaps: Women Workers and Employment Precariousness”, Journal of Economic Issues, 2016, 50:2, 471-477
  • Hausmann, R. D.- Tyson, L.- Zahidi , S. The Global Gender Gap Report, World Economic Forum, Davos, 2007
  • Hicks D. “The Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index: A Constructive Proposal”, World Development, 1997, Vol 25, No 8, 1283-1298.
  • Kekic L. Democracy Index, The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy, https://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf, 2007
  • Kurt Topuz S. “Ülkelerin Küreselleşme Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüklük Göstergeleri İle Cinsiyet Temelli Gelişme Endeksi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2016, 18/3, 779-799.
  • Pateman, C. The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism, and Political Theory, Stanford University Press, 1989
  • Paxton P. “Women in National Legislatures: A Cross-National Analysis”, Social Science Research 26, 1997, no. 4, 442- 64.
  • Phillips,A. Engendering Democracy, Politiy Press, Cambridge, UK, 1991.
  • Preston P. Reshaping Communications: Technology, Information and Social Change, Sage Publications, London, 2001
  • Richards, D., Gelleny, R. “Women’s Status and Economic Globalization”, International Studies Quarterly 51, 2007, no. 4, 855-76.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Üretim ve Harcama Yöntemi ile Gayrisafi Yurtiçi Hasıla Tahminleri, Yöntem ve Kaynaklar, Yayın No 3662, Ankara, 2012
  • United Nation Development Programme. Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990
  • World Bank. The World Bank Annual Report 2005 : Year in Review, Volume 1. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7537 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  • Yeganeh, H., May, D. “Cultural values and gender gap: a cross-national analysis”, Gender in Management: An International Journal, 2011, Vol. 26 No. 2, 106-121.
  • Yıldız F.F. Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Kadın Araştırmaları (Research On Woman In Turkey And The World), Chapter: Küresel Toplumsal Cinsiyet Uçurum Raporu Ve İş’te Eşitlik Platformu Analizleri, Türkiye İçin Değerlendirmeler, Publisher: Çukurova Üniversitesi Basımevi, Editors: Prof. Dr. Gülseren Ağrıdağ, 2015, 181-189.
  • Yoon M.Y. “Democratization and Women’s Legislative Representation in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Democratization 8, 2001, no. 2, 169-90.
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 171 - 182, 28.05.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alesina, A., Di Tella, R., MacCulloch, R. “Inequality and happiness: Are Europeans and Americans different?” Journal of Public Economics, 2004, 88(9-10), 2009-2042.
  • Apple, M., Beane, J. A. Democratic Schools: Lessons in Powerful Education. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2007.
  • Balaev M. “Improving models of democracy: the example of lagged effects of economic development, education, and gender equality,” Social Science Research, 2014, 4, 169-83.
  • Beer C. “Democracy and Gender Equality”, Comparative International Development, 2009, 44(3), 212-227.
  • Brookings Working Paper on Democracy and Gender Equality and Security, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2017.
  • Dahl R. Demokrasi Üstüne, Çev. B. Kadıoğlu, Phoenix Yayınevi, Ankara, 2001.
  • Despotis D. “Measuring Human Development via Data Envelopment Analysis: The Case of Asia and the Pacific”, OMEGA The International Journal of Management Science, 2005, Volume 33, Issue 5, 385-390.
  • Fallon, K., Swiss, L., Viterna, J. “Resolving the Democracy Paradox: Democratization and Women’s Legislative Representation in Developing Nations, 1975 to 2009”, American Sociological Review, 2012, 77(3), 380–408.
  • Filmer, D., Scott, K. “Assessing Asset Indices” Demography, 2012, 49(1), 359-392.
  • Girón, A., Correa, E. “Post-Crisis Gender Gaps: Women Workers and Employment Precariousness”, Journal of Economic Issues, 2016, 50:2, 471-477
  • Hausmann, R. D.- Tyson, L.- Zahidi , S. The Global Gender Gap Report, World Economic Forum, Davos, 2007
  • Hicks D. “The Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index: A Constructive Proposal”, World Development, 1997, Vol 25, No 8, 1283-1298.
  • Kekic L. Democracy Index, The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Index of Democracy, https://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf, 2007
  • Kurt Topuz S. “Ülkelerin Küreselleşme Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüklük Göstergeleri İle Cinsiyet Temelli Gelişme Endeksi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2016, 18/3, 779-799.
  • Pateman, C. The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism, and Political Theory, Stanford University Press, 1989
  • Paxton P. “Women in National Legislatures: A Cross-National Analysis”, Social Science Research 26, 1997, no. 4, 442- 64.
  • Phillips,A. Engendering Democracy, Politiy Press, Cambridge, UK, 1991.
  • Preston P. Reshaping Communications: Technology, Information and Social Change, Sage Publications, London, 2001
  • Richards, D., Gelleny, R. “Women’s Status and Economic Globalization”, International Studies Quarterly 51, 2007, no. 4, 855-76.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Üretim ve Harcama Yöntemi ile Gayrisafi Yurtiçi Hasıla Tahminleri, Yöntem ve Kaynaklar, Yayın No 3662, Ankara, 2012
  • United Nation Development Programme. Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990
  • World Bank. The World Bank Annual Report 2005 : Year in Review, Volume 1. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7537 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  • Yeganeh, H., May, D. “Cultural values and gender gap: a cross-national analysis”, Gender in Management: An International Journal, 2011, Vol. 26 No. 2, 106-121.
  • Yıldız F.F. Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Kadın Araştırmaları (Research On Woman In Turkey And The World), Chapter: Küresel Toplumsal Cinsiyet Uçurum Raporu Ve İş’te Eşitlik Platformu Analizleri, Türkiye İçin Değerlendirmeler, Publisher: Çukurova Üniversitesi Basımevi, Editors: Prof. Dr. Gülseren Ağrıdağ, 2015, 181-189.
  • Yoon M.Y. “Democratization and Women’s Legislative Representation in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Democratization 8, 2001, no. 2, 169-90.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Senem Kurt Topuz 0000-0002-7082-3198

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2021
Kabul Tarihi 19 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kurt Topuz, S. (2021). THE EFFECT OF COUNTRIES’ DEMOCRACY LEVELS ON THE GLOBAL GENDER GAP: A STUDY ON OECD COUNTRIES. Ekonomik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 17(1), 171-182.

İletişim Adresi: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14030 Gölköy-BOLU

Tel: 0 374 254 10 00 / 14 86 Faks: 0 374 253 45 21 E-posta: iibfdergi@ibu.edu.tr

ISSN (Basılı) : 1306-2174 ISSN (Elektronik) : 1306-3553