The European Union’s Approach Towards The Eastern Neighbours From The Perspective of The Renewed European Neighbourhood Policy

Yıl 2018, , 169 - 189, 24.07.2018

Siret Hürsoy , Erdi Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.421839

Cited By: 3

Öz

Yenilenen Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası Perspektifinden Avrupa Birliği’nin Doğu Komşularına Yaklaşımı

Öz

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) 2004
yılında resmi politika çıktısı olarak Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası’nı (AKP)
oluşturduktan sonra belirlediği Doğu komşuları ile olan ilişkilerini ve bu
ilişkilerin günümüzdeki durumu ve ilişkilerin geleceği konusunda çeşitli
analizler içermektedir. AKP’nin oluşturulma nedenleri, siyasi açıdan gelişim
süreci, politikanın boyutları, araçları ve amaçları da açıklanmaktadır. Öte
yandan, AB’nin Doğu komşuları ile olan ilişkilerinde Rusya Federasyonu’nun (RF)
etkisi tarihsel, ekonomik ve toplumsal bağları açısından öne çıkmaktadır. AB’nin
Doğu komşuları amaçlarını gerçekleştirebilmeleri açısından AB ve RF arasında
bir tercih yapmak zorunda kalmaları veya karşılaştıkları ikilemler AKP’nin gidişatını
belirleyen en önemli faktörlerdendir. Bu bağlamda, Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinin AB
ve RF ile olan karşılıklı bağımlılıkları da önem taşımaktadır. 2015 yılında
Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından yayımlanan AKP belgesinde doğu Avrupa ülkelerinin siyasi
önceliklerine dayalı olarak AKP’nin güncellenmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Yeni
yaklaşıma göre, işbirliğine ve bütünleşmeye günümüzde fazla istekli olmayan Doğu
komşuları ile olan ilişkilerinde AB “koşulluluk politikası” yerine daha çok “farklılaştırma”
ve “esneklik” politikaları benimseyecektir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada AKP’nin hangi
yöne doğru ve nasıl evirileceği konusunda bir süreç analizi yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

AKP, Doğu Avrupa, Doğu Ortaklığı, koşulluluk, farklılaştırma

Kaynakça

• Ataç, C. A. (2012) ‘‘AB’nin Normatif Kapasite Sorunu, Akdeniz İçin Birlik ve Türkiye’’, Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 11(1):1-24.
• Azernews (2017) https://www.azernews.az/oil_and_gas/117516.html, (10.01.2018).
• BBC News (2013) ‘‘Why Russian Wine ban is Putting Pressure on Moldova’’ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24992076, (07.11.2017).
• BBC News (2017) ‘‘Russia Accepts Passports Issued by East Ukraine Rebels’’, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39018429, (02.05.2018).
• Börzel, Tanja. A. (2009), ‘‘Transformative Power Europe? The EU Promotion of Good Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood’’, Research College (KFG) 1026 (e-journal),1:1-29, www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de/polwiss/forschung/international/europa/, (10.04.2018).
• Browning, C. S. ve Cristou, G. (2010) ‘‘The Constitutive Power of Outsiders: The European Neighbourhood Policy and the Eastern Dimension’’, Political Geography, 29:109-118.
• Caritas Europa (2012) ‘‘European Neighbourhood Policy And Eastern Partnership Initiative, Background Paper’’, http://www.caritas-europa.org/module/FileLib/EasternPartnershipback groundpaper.pdf, (20.12.2014).
• Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2018) ‘‘The EU and Ukraine: Taking a Breath’’, https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/02/27/eu-and-ukraine-taking-breath-pub75648, (03.07.2018).
• Commission of the European Communities (2003) ‘‘Wider Europe — Neighbourhood: A New Framework for Relations with our Eastern and Southern Neighbours’’, COM(2003) 104 final, 11.03.2003, Brusssels, Belgium (http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/com03_104_en.pdf, (11.11.2017).
• Commission of the European Communities (2004) ‘‘European Neighbourhood Policy, Country Report, Ukraine’’, SEC(2004)566, 12.5.2004, Brussels, Belgium, (http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/pdf/country/ukraine_enp_country_report_2004_en.pdf, (20.11. 2017).
• Council of the European Union (2003) ‘‘A Secure Europe in Better World, European Security Strategy’’, Brussels, Belgium, (http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/78367. pdf, (01.02.2018).
• Emerson, Michael (2004) ‘‘European Neighbourhood Policy:Strategy or Placebo?’’ CEPS Working Document (e-journal), http://www.ceps.eu/book/european-neighbourhood-policystrategy -or-placebo, (14.01.2018).
• Eufocus (2010) ‘‘The EU and Its Eastern Neighbors’’, http://eufocus-eu&eneigh-11-10.pdf, (14.11.2017).
• European Commision (2017) http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/ armenia/ (24.01.2017).
• European Commision (2017b), https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/ neighbourhood/ eastern-partnership_en, (20.01.2017).
• European Commission (2002) ‘‘A Wider Europe-A Proximity Policy as the Key to Stability’’ Romano Prodi Speech/02/619, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-02-619_en.htm, (05.05.2018).
• European Commission (2013) ‘‘European Neighbourhood Policy, What is the European Neighbourhood Policy’’, http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/policy_en.htm (12.11.2017).
• European Commission (2014) ‘‘European Energy Security Strategy’’, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-ntent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0330&from=EN,(01.07.2018)
• European Commission (2015) ‘‘Review of the European Neighbourhood Policy’’, https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/neighbourhood/pdf/key-documents/151118_joint-communication_review-of-the-enp_en.pdf, (10.04.2018).
• European Commission (2017c) https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/ files/eap_20_deliverables_for_2020.pdf, (20.01.2017).
• European Commission (2017d) ‘‘EU and Eastern Partnership Countries Step Up Cooperation on Energy Efficiency’’, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/eu-and-eastern-partnership-countries-step-cooperation-energy-efficiency, (04.05.2018).
• European Commission (2018a) ‘‘European Union Trade with Azerbaijan’’, 16.04.2018, http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_113347.pdf, (02.06.2018).
• European Commission (2018b) ‘‘European Union Trade with Belarus’’, http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/belarus/, (02.06.2018).
• European Commission (2018c) ‘‘Visa liberalisation with Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia’’, https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/international-affairs/eastern-partnership/visa-liberalisation-moldova-ukraine-and-georgia_en, (11.10.2018).
• European Parliament (2017) ‘‘The State of Implementation of the Associations and Free Trade Agreements with Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova’’, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ cmsdata/133501/The%20state%20of%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20associations%20and%20free%20trade%20agreements%20with%20Ukraine,%20Georgia%20and%20Moldova.pdf, (10.10.2017).
• European Union External Action Service (2011) ‘‘A New Response to a Changing Neighbourhood, A Review of European Neighbourhood Policy’’, 25.05.2011, Brussels, Belgium, http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/pdf/com_11_303_en.pdf, (15.12.2014).
• European Union External Action Service (2014) ‘‘The Eastern Partnership - Frequently asked questions (FAQ)’’, http://eeas.europa.eu/eastern/faq/index_en.htm, (10.10.2017).
• European Union External Action Service (2014a) ‘‘The European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI)’’, http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/pdf/enp_web_eni_fiche_en.pdf, (20.02.2017).
• European Union External Action Service (2014b) ‘‘The EU’s Relations with Ukraine’’, http://eeas.europa.eu/ukraine/index_en.htm, (08.06.2017).
• European Union External Action Service (2017) ‘‘Belarus’’, http://eeas.europa.eu/belarus/ index_en.htm, (20.06.2017).
• European Union External Action Service (2018) ‘‘Fact Sheet on EU-Armenia Relations’’, 19.06.2018, https://eeas.europa.eu/topics/eu-enlargement/4080/fact-sheet-eu-armeniarelations _en, (10.07.2018).
• European Union External Action Service (2018b) ‘‘Eastern Partnership’’, http://www.eeas.europa.eu/eastern/index_en.htm, (13.06.2018).
• Eurostat, (2017) ‘‘European Neighbourhood Policy - East - Economic Statistics’’ http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/European_Neighbourhood_Policy_ -_East_-_ economic_statistics, (06.05.2017).
• Huff, A. (2011) ‘‘The Role of EU Defence Policy in the Eastern Neighbourhood’’, European Union Institute for Security Studies Occasional Paper, http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/ media/op91-The_role_of_EU_defence_policy_in_the_Eastern_neighbourhood.pdf,05.04.2017.
• Kahraman, S (2005) ‘‘The European Neighbourhood Policy: The European Union’s New Engagement Towards Wider Europe’’, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs,10: 1-28.
• Milcher, S. And Slay, B. (2005) ‘‘The economics of the 'European Neighbourhood Policy': An initial assessment’’, Center for Social and Economic Research in Warsaw on April 8-9, 2005.
• Reuters (2009) ‘‘Georgia Started War with Russia: EU-Backed Report’’, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-russia-report/georgia-started-war-with-russia-eu-backed-report-idUSTRE58T4MO20090930, (05.04.2018).
• Reuters (2018) ‘‘Russia Tells EU Gas Supplies via Ukraine Under No Immediate Threat’’, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-ukraine-gas/russia-tells-eu-gas-supplies-via-ukraine-under-no-immediate-threat-idUSKCN1GF0B6, (08.07.2018).
• Schäffer, S. (2011) “The European Neighbourhood Policy: Aims and Impact” Panel: EU/Russia relations and the ENP, 18 of June, Leicester, United Kingdom.
• Smith K. E. (2005) ‘‘The Outsiders: the European Neighbourhood Policy’’ International Affairs, 81(4):757–773.
• The European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) (2017). https://www.euneighbours.eu/en/ policy/european-neighbourhood-instrument-eni#new, (05.05.2018).
• Wolczuk, K. (2004) ‘‘Integration without Europeanization: Ukraine and its Policy Towards the European Union’’, European University Institute Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies EUI Working Paper, 8-22.