INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OUTFLOWS FROM HUNGARY, INFLOWS TO THE UK AS A TYPICAL EAST-WEST DIRECTION IN THE EU

Öz

International migration outflows from Eastern and Central European countries increased since accession in 2004, but previously regular patterns, directions have changed in the last years. Western European countries labor markets experienced changes too, e. g. the unexpectedly low number of emigration to Germany last year. My aim is to interpret current international migration in the EU on the basis of economic and structural labor market differences and reveal that institutional circumstances and micro level became indispensable factor beside. The growing role of the UK for Eastern and Central European countries migrants can be interpreted by the earlier opened labor markets and the exceeding English language knowledge in these countries. In Hungary, the deficiency of the registration also causes problems for science and policy as migration reached more than fifteenth of the official number getting data from mirror statistics. For a better understanding, statistical data of migration outflows and inflows is analyzed side by side just like demographic and social composition of emigrants. The results clearly show how far new factors role has grown in emerging migration flows in an east-west direction within the EU.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• International Migration, Migration, Demography, International Affairs

TİPİK BİR AB İÇİNDE DOĞU-BATI ROTASI OLARAK MACARİSTAN’DAN BİRLEŞİK KRALLIĞA DOĞRU ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ

Öz

Merkez ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinden gerçekleşen Uluslararası göç 2004 yılında AB’ye üyelikle birlikte artış göstermeye başlamıştır. Fakat, son yıllarda göçün gerçekleştiği rotalar ve önceki düzenli eylemler değişmiştir. Batı Avrupa ülkelerinin piyasaları da bu değişimi yaşamıştır. Örneğin geçen sene Almanya’ya beklenenin çok altında göç gerçekleşmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, AB içindeki mevcut uluslararası göçü ekonomik ve yapısal iş piyasası değişiklikleri üzerinden açıklamak ve yapısal koşulların ve mikro düzeyin vazgeçilmez bir faktör olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Birleşik Krallığın Merkez ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri göçmenleri için artan rolü daha önceden açılan iş piyasası ve artan İngilizce dil bilgisi olarak açıklanabilir. Macaristan’da, ayna istatistiklerinden edinilen veriye göre gerçek göç resmi rakamların onbeş katına ulaşmıştır ve kayıtların yetersizliği bilim ve siyasa için sorunların oluşturmaktadır. Daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, içe ve dışa doğru gerçekleşen göçün istatistiki verisi göçmenlerin demografik ve sosyal dağılımları gibi ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, AB içinde doğu-batı yönünde yeni ortaya çıkan göç akımları üzerinde yeni faktörlerin rolü ne ölçüde etkili olduğunu net olarak ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası Göç, Göç, Demografi, Uluslararası İlişkiler, İş Piyasaları, İktisadi Demografi

Kaynakça

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