F. SCOTT FITZGERALD'IN KISA KURMACALARININ YENİ TARİHÇİLİK PERSPEKTİFİNDEN İNCELENMESİ: "FLAPPERS AND PHILOSOPHERS" VE "TALES FROM THE JAZZ AGE"

Öz

1920'lerin Amerikan Edebiyatı'nı derinden etkileyen Francis Scott Fitzgerald, yaşadığı dönemi iyi ya da kötü her yönüyle okurlarına hissettirmek istemiştir. Bu sebeple eserlerinde kurgunun yanı sıra gerçek olayların yansımasına da yer vermiştir. Geleneksel tarih anlayışından farklı olarak metinlerdeki tarihsel ve kültürel bağlamlara açıkça vurgu yapan Yeni Tarihsel yaklaşım, Fitzgerald'ın eserlerinin de aynı şekilde okunmasına olanak sağlar. Stephen Greenblatt tarafından 1980'lerde ortaya atılan bu akım, metni dönemin kültürüne bakarak irdelemeyi hedefler. Bu makalede, Yeni Tarihselcilik ışığında, Fitzgerald'ın yaşadığı dönemin hegemonik ideolojisi ve kültürünün kendisinin ve karakterlerinin kimliklerini ve hayallerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Fitzgerald'ın Flappers and Philosophers ve Tales from the Jazz Age kitaplarında karakterlerin kimliklerinin nasıl şekillenme yolunda olduğu ve nihayetinde mevcut hegemonik güç doğrultusunda zorlama olmaksızın nasıl şekillendiği mercek altına alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Power
• Ideology
• North
• South
• Self-Identity
• Dream

ANALYZING F. SCOTT FITZGERALD’S SHORT FICTIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF NEW HISTORICISM: "FLAPPERS AND PHILOSOPHERS" AND "TALES FROM THE JAZZ AGE"

Öz

Francis Scott Fitzgerald, who had a profound effect on American Literature of the 1920s, wished for making his readers feel the time he lived in every aspect for better or for worse. Therefore, besides fiction, his works include the reflection of real events. New Historical approach, which overtly points to historical and cultural context on the texts differently from the conventional conception of history, helps to read Fitzgerald’s works in the same manner. That movement, which was introduced by Stephen Greenblatt in the1980s, pursues a goal of scrutinizing the text by looking at the culture of the era. In this article, in the light of New Historicism it is aimed to unveil how the hegemonic ideology and culture of Fitzgerald’s time shape his and his characters’ identities and dreams. Accordingly, in Fitzgerald’s books Flappers and Philosophers and Tales from the Jazz Age, it will be scrutinized in terms of how the identities of the characters are on the way of shaping and eventually shaped without coercing in the direction of current hegemonic power.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Power
• Ideology
• North
• South
• Self-Identity
• Dream

Kaynakça

1. Referans 1 Brannigan, J. (1998). New historicism and cultural materialism. New York: St. Martin's Press. Print.
2. Referans 2 Bertens, H. (2001). Literary theory: The basics. London: Routledge.
3. Referans 3 Calder, L. (1999). Financing the American Dream: A Cultural History of Consumer Credit. Princeton University Press. Print.
4. Referans 4 Currell, S. (2009). American Culture in the 1920s. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. Print. Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, “Ragtime”. n.d. Web. Accessed 09 September 2018.https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ragtime.
5. Referans 5 Delaney, D. G. “Bonus Bill”. n.d. Web. Accessed 01 September 2018. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and maps/bonus-bill-1924.
6. Referans 6 Ellis, G. E. (1888). The Puritan Age and Rule in the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay, 1625-1685. Massachusetts: Applewood Books. Print.
7. Referans 7 Fairchild, H. (1931). The Romantic Quest. New York: Columbia University Press. Print.
8. Referans 8 Fitzgerald, F. S. (1996). “Echoes of the Jazz Age”. The Jazz Age Essays. (pp: 3– 14). Editor E. L. Doctorow. New York: New Directions.

9. Referans 9 Fitzgerald, F. S. (1920). Flappers and Philosophers. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Print.
10. Referans 10 Fitzgerald, F. S. (1922). Tales from the Jazz Age. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Print.
11. Referans 11 Fitzgerald, F. S. & Baughman J. (1996). F. Scott Fitzgerald on Authorship. Univ of South Carolina Press. Print.
12. Referans 12 Gallagher, C. (1989). The New Historicism (H. A. Veeser, Ed.). New York: Routledge.
13. Referans 13 Greenblatt, S. J. (1980). Renaissance self-fashioning: From more to Shakespeare. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
14. Referans 14 Greenblatt, S. (1981). “The Invisible Bullets: Renaissance, Authority, and its Subversion. Glyph 8: (40-6l).
15. Referans 15 Greenblatt, S. & Gallagher C. (2000). Practicing New Historicism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Print.
16. Referans 16 Hamilton, P. (2003). Historicism: The New Critical Idiom. London: Routledge.
17. Referans 17 Jie-Xiu, L., Yong-Hui, M., & Xia-Juan, Y. (2014). Power, Subversion, and Containment: A New Historicist Interpretation of The Virginian. US-China
18. Foreign Language, 12(7), 614-619. doi:10.17265/1539-8080/2014.07.012
19. Referans 18 Mcneese, T. (2010). World War I and the Roaring Twenties, 1914-1928. New York: InfoBase Publishing.
20. Referans 19 Montrose, L. A. (2013). Professing the Renaissance: The Poetics and the Politics of the Culture. In 1362721819 996944260 H. A. Veeser (Author), The new historicism. London: Taylor and Francis.
21. Referans 20 Ogren, K. J. (1989). The Jazz Revolution: Twenties America and the Meaning of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press.
22. Referans 21 Palmer, N. (2006). The Twenties in America: Politics and History. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
23. Referans 22 Rosamond, B. “Hegemony”. 17.05.2016. Web. Accessed 09 April 2018. https://www.britannica.com/topic/hegemony.
24. Referans 23 Susman, W. (2003). Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century. New York: Smithsonian Institution.
25. Referans 24 Tate, M. J. 2007. Critical Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work. New York: Facts on File.