Araştırma Makalesi
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High-resolution computed tomography findings in healthy heavy smokers and correlation with pulmonary function tests

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 176 - 183, 01.08.2022

Öz

Introduction: Chest radiographs and pulmonary function tests (PFTs), may show the adverse effects of smoking on the lungs, but in some cases these methods are inadequate and interpreted as normal. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides more sensitive and specific imaging features to identify parenchymal-interstitial abnormalities in the early stages of the disease related with smoking. The purpose of this study is to recognize lung HRCT findings of smoking in cigarette smokers and non-smokers and investigate whether there is a relationship with airway obstruction on PFTs. Methods: A total of 155 subjects (110 heavy smokers, 45 non-smokers) who performed both HRCT and PFTs were included in the study. Two radiologists independently evaluated the CT findings for the following characteristics: bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, emphysema, atelectasis, interstitial patterns, and fibrotic changes. Afterwards, the relationship between the HRCT findings and PFTs of the heavy smokers and non-smokers was presented statistically. Results: There were statistically significant differences regarding emphysema and bronchial wall thickening between the heavy smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.001 and p = 0.000, respectively) on HRCT. Emphysema and bronchial wall thickening were more common in patients who had obstructive PFTs. Fibrotic changes, atelectasis, bronchial wall thickening, and emphysema were the most common imaging findings although normal PFTs. Conclusion: It is crucial to recognize the common imaging findings on HRCT of heavy smokers for diagnosis and treatment of smoking related lung disease. HRCT is vital in detecting the early stages of parenchymal-interstitial abnormalities of the lungs due to smoking, despite normal chest radiograms and PFTs.

Kaynakça

  • REFERENCES 1. Sherman CB. Health effects of cigarette smoking. Clinics in chest medicine 1991; 12:643-658.
  • 2. Madan R, Matalon S, Vivero M. Spectrum of smoking-related lung diseases. J Thorac Imaging 2016; 31:78-91.
  • 3. Benowitz NL, Brunetta PG. Smoking hazards and cessation. 4th ed. Philadelphia Textbook of Respiratory Medicine 2005; 2453-2468.
  • 4. Celli BR, MacNee WATS, Agusti AATS, et al. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J 2004; 23:932-946.
  • 5. Wise RA. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management 4th ed. New York Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders 2008:729-46.
  • 6. Halpin DMG , Criner GJ , Papi A, et al. Global initiative for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. The 2020 GOLD Science Committee Report on COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021; 203:24-36.
  • 7. Muller NL. CT diagnosis of emphysema: it may be accurate, but is it relevant? Chest 1993; 103:329-331.
  • 8. Lutchmedial SM, Creed WG, Moore AJ, et al. How common is airflow limitation in patients with emphysema on CT scan of the chest? Chest 2015; 148:176-184.
  • 9. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Boulenguez C, et al. Morphologic effects of cigarette smoking on airways and pulmonary parenchyma in healthy adult volunteers: CT evaluation and correlation with pulmonary function tests. Radiology 1993; 186:107-115.
  • 10. Lucidarme O, Coche E, Cluzel P, et al. Expiratory CT scans for chronic airway disease: correlation with pulmonary function test results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:301-307.
  • 11. Tavusbay N, Aksel N, Çakan A, et al. Thoracıc Hıgh Resolutıon Computed Tomography Fındıngs of Healthy Smokers. Diseases of Chest 2008; 19: 9-17.
  • 12. National Health Interview Survey: Vital and Health Statistics ofthe National Centerfor Health Statistics, Advance Data No. 126. Dept of Health and Human Services, 1986.
  • 13. Verschakelen J, Scheinbaum K, Bogaert J, et al. Expiratory CT in cigarette smokers: correlation between areas of decreased lung attenuation, pulmonary function tests and smoking history. Eur Radiol 1998; 8:1391-1399.
  • 14. Lynch DA, Al-Qaisi ML. Quantitative CT in COPD. J Thorac Imaging 2013; 28:284.
  • 15. Galvin JR, Franks TJ. Smoking-related lung disease. J Thorac Imaging 2009; 24:274-284.
  • 16. West J. Distribution of mechanical stress in the lung, a possible factor in localization of pulmonary disease. The Lancet 1971; 297:839-841.
  • 17. Kubo K, Eda S, Yamamoto H, et al. Expiratory and inspiratory chest computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in cigarette smokers. Eur Respir J 1999; 13:252-256.
  • 18. Johkoh T, Müller NL, Nakamura H. Multidetector spiral high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs: distribution of findings on coronal image reconstructions. J Thorac Imaging 2002; 17:291-305.
  • 19. Gurney J. Cross-sectional physiology of the lung. Radiology 1991; 178:1-10.
  • 20. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Gosselin B, et al. Lung parenchymal changes secondary to cigarette smoking: pathologic-CT correlations. Radiology 1993; 186:643-651.
  • 21. Bnà C, Zompatori M, Ormitti F, et al. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the lung in adults. Defining the limits between normal and pathologic findings. La Radiologia medica 2005; 109:460-471.
  • 22. Webb W. High resolution lung computed tomography. Normal anatomic and pathologic findings. Radiol Clin North Am 1991; 29:1051-1063.
  • 23. Remy-Jardin M, Edme J-L, Boulenguez C, et al. Longitudinal follow-up study of smoker's lung with thin-section CT in correlation with pulmonary function tests. Radiology 2002; 222:261-270.

Ağır Sigara İçicilerde Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Bulguları ve Solunum Fonksiyon Testleri ile Korelasyonu

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 176 - 183, 01.08.2022

Öz

Giriş: Göğüs radyografileri ve solunum fonksiyon testleri (SFT), sigaranın akciğerler üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini gösterebilir, ancak bazı durumlarda bu yöntemler yetersiz kalır ve tetkikler normal olarak yorumlanır. Yüksek çözünürlüklü bilgisayarlı tomografi (YRBT), sigaraya bağlı akciğer hastalıklarının erken evrelerinde parankimal-interstisyel anormallikleri belirlemek için daha hassas ve spesifik görüntüleme özellikleri sağlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigara içen ve içmeyenlerde akciğer YRBT bulgularını tanımak ve SFT'lerinde tanımlanan hava yolu obstrüksiyonu ile bir ilişkisi olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya hem toraks YÇBT hem SFT tetkikleri mevcut 155 olgu (110 ağır sigara içicisi, 45 sigara içmeyen) dahil edildi. Toraks YÇBT incelemesi, nodüller, bronşektazi, bronşiyal duvar kalınlaşması, amfizem, atelektazi, buzlu cam alanları, interstisyel paternler ve fibrotik değişiklikler açısından, iki deneyimli radyolog tarafından bağımsız olarak değerlendirildi. Daha sonra ağır sigara içicilerin ve sigara içmeyenlerin YÇBT bulguları ile SFT arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak sunuldu. Bulgular: Ağır sigara içenler ve içmeyenler arasında amfizem ve bronşiyal duvar kalınlaşması açısından YRBT'de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar vardı (sırasıyla p = 0,001 ve p = 0,000). Amfizem ve bronşiyal duvar kalınlaşması, obstrüktif SFT değerlerine sahip hastalarda daha sık görülüyordu. Fibrotik değişiklikler, atelektazi, bronşiyal duvar kalınlaşması ve amfizem normal SFT değerlerine rağmen en sık görülen görüntüleme bulgularıydı. Sonuç: Sigaraya bağlı akciğer hastalığının tanı ve tedavisi için ağır sigara içicilerinin toraks YÇBT'lerinde en sık görülen görüntüleme bulgularının tanınması çok önemlidir. HRCT, normal göğüs radyogramları ve normal SFT değerlerine rağmen, sigaraya bağlı akciğerlerde görülebilecek parankimal-interstisyel anormallikleri erken evrede yakalamada hayati öneme sahiptir.

Kaynakça

  • REFERENCES 1. Sherman CB. Health effects of cigarette smoking. Clinics in chest medicine 1991; 12:643-658.
  • 2. Madan R, Matalon S, Vivero M. Spectrum of smoking-related lung diseases. J Thorac Imaging 2016; 31:78-91.
  • 3. Benowitz NL, Brunetta PG. Smoking hazards and cessation. 4th ed. Philadelphia Textbook of Respiratory Medicine 2005; 2453-2468.
  • 4. Celli BR, MacNee WATS, Agusti AATS, et al. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J 2004; 23:932-946.
  • 5. Wise RA. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management 4th ed. New York Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders 2008:729-46.
  • 6. Halpin DMG , Criner GJ , Papi A, et al. Global initiative for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. The 2020 GOLD Science Committee Report on COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021; 203:24-36.
  • 7. Muller NL. CT diagnosis of emphysema: it may be accurate, but is it relevant? Chest 1993; 103:329-331.
  • 8. Lutchmedial SM, Creed WG, Moore AJ, et al. How common is airflow limitation in patients with emphysema on CT scan of the chest? Chest 2015; 148:176-184.
  • 9. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Boulenguez C, et al. Morphologic effects of cigarette smoking on airways and pulmonary parenchyma in healthy adult volunteers: CT evaluation and correlation with pulmonary function tests. Radiology 1993; 186:107-115.
  • 10. Lucidarme O, Coche E, Cluzel P, et al. Expiratory CT scans for chronic airway disease: correlation with pulmonary function test results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:301-307.
  • 11. Tavusbay N, Aksel N, Çakan A, et al. Thoracıc Hıgh Resolutıon Computed Tomography Fındıngs of Healthy Smokers. Diseases of Chest 2008; 19: 9-17.
  • 12. National Health Interview Survey: Vital and Health Statistics ofthe National Centerfor Health Statistics, Advance Data No. 126. Dept of Health and Human Services, 1986.
  • 13. Verschakelen J, Scheinbaum K, Bogaert J, et al. Expiratory CT in cigarette smokers: correlation between areas of decreased lung attenuation, pulmonary function tests and smoking history. Eur Radiol 1998; 8:1391-1399.
  • 14. Lynch DA, Al-Qaisi ML. Quantitative CT in COPD. J Thorac Imaging 2013; 28:284.
  • 15. Galvin JR, Franks TJ. Smoking-related lung disease. J Thorac Imaging 2009; 24:274-284.
  • 16. West J. Distribution of mechanical stress in the lung, a possible factor in localization of pulmonary disease. The Lancet 1971; 297:839-841.
  • 17. Kubo K, Eda S, Yamamoto H, et al. Expiratory and inspiratory chest computed tomography and pulmonary function tests in cigarette smokers. Eur Respir J 1999; 13:252-256.
  • 18. Johkoh T, Müller NL, Nakamura H. Multidetector spiral high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs: distribution of findings on coronal image reconstructions. J Thorac Imaging 2002; 17:291-305.
  • 19. Gurney J. Cross-sectional physiology of the lung. Radiology 1991; 178:1-10.
  • 20. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Gosselin B, et al. Lung parenchymal changes secondary to cigarette smoking: pathologic-CT correlations. Radiology 1993; 186:643-651.
  • 21. Bnà C, Zompatori M, Ormitti F, et al. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the lung in adults. Defining the limits between normal and pathologic findings. La Radiologia medica 2005; 109:460-471.
  • 22. Webb W. High resolution lung computed tomography. Normal anatomic and pathologic findings. Radiol Clin North Am 1991; 29:1051-1063.
  • 23. Remy-Jardin M, Edme J-L, Boulenguez C, et al. Longitudinal follow-up study of smoker's lung with thin-section CT in correlation with pulmonary function tests. Radiology 2002; 222:261-270.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Özlem Özkale Yavuz 0000-0001-9965-516X

Koray Hekimoglu 0000-0002-0805-0841

Mehmet Coskun 0000-0001-5630-022X

Gaye Ulubay 0000-0003-2478-9985

M. Şule Akçay 0000-0002-8360-6459

Alev Dolu 0000-0003-0516-4867

A. Muhtesem Agıldere 0000-0002-5850-6560

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özkale Yavuz, Ö., Hekimoglu, K., Coskun, M., Ulubay, G., vd. (2022). High-resolution computed tomography findings in healthy heavy smokers and correlation with pulmonary function tests. Eskisehir Medical Journal, 3(2), 176-183.
AMA Özkale Yavuz Ö, Hekimoglu K, Coskun M, Ulubay G, Akçay MŞ, Dolu A, Agıldere AM. High-resolution computed tomography findings in healthy heavy smokers and correlation with pulmonary function tests. Eskisehir Med J. Ağustos 2022;3(2):176-183.
Chicago Özkale Yavuz, Özlem, Koray Hekimoglu, Mehmet Coskun, Gaye Ulubay, M. Şule Akçay, Alev Dolu, ve A. Muhtesem Agıldere. “High-Resolution Computed Tomography Findings in Healthy Heavy Smokers and Correlation With Pulmonary Function Tests”. Eskisehir Medical Journal 3, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2022): 176-83.
EndNote Özkale Yavuz Ö, Hekimoglu K, Coskun M, Ulubay G, Akçay MŞ, Dolu A, Agıldere AM (01 Ağustos 2022) High-resolution computed tomography findings in healthy heavy smokers and correlation with pulmonary function tests. Eskisehir Medical Journal 3 2 176–183.
IEEE Ö. Özkale Yavuz, “High-resolution computed tomography findings in healthy heavy smokers and correlation with pulmonary function tests”, Eskisehir Med J, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 176–183, 2022.
ISNAD Özkale Yavuz, Özlem vd. “High-Resolution Computed Tomography Findings in Healthy Heavy Smokers and Correlation With Pulmonary Function Tests”. Eskisehir Medical Journal 3/2 (Ağustos 2022), 176-183.
JAMA Özkale Yavuz Ö, Hekimoglu K, Coskun M, Ulubay G, Akçay MŞ, Dolu A, Agıldere AM. High-resolution computed tomography findings in healthy heavy smokers and correlation with pulmonary function tests. Eskisehir Med J. 2022;3:176–183.
MLA Özkale Yavuz, Özlem vd. “High-Resolution Computed Tomography Findings in Healthy Heavy Smokers and Correlation With Pulmonary Function Tests”. Eskisehir Medical Journal, c. 3, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 176-83.
Vancouver Özkale Yavuz Ö, Hekimoglu K, Coskun M, Ulubay G, Akçay MŞ, Dolu A, Agıldere AM. High-resolution computed tomography findings in healthy heavy smokers and correlation with pulmonary function tests. Eskisehir Med J. 2022;3(2):176-83.