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The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’

Sayı: 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam 31 Aralık 2025
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The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’

Öz

This study examines the context and background of the term bogus Muslim, which is attributed to early Japanese Muslims and can be found in Western sources. This concept, which poses a question regarding the sincerity of converting to another religion, has been utilised to evaluate initial impressions regarding the perception of Islam in Japan. The present study is restricted to the 19th century, when the first Japanese Muslims appeared, and includes representatives who stood out as bogus Muslims. This period is distinctive in that it marks the earliest emergence of Muslim representatives in Japan. The term “bogus Muslim” is a noteworthy example in examining how they are perceived not only in East Asia but also in the West from an external perspective. The structure that led to the emergence of this concept attributed to them has been addressed using a phenomenological and historical method. The research indicate that the factors which led to the formation of this concept in the literature have been evaluated primarily as political and social characteristics. During this period, it has been observed that Pan-Asianism, the dominant ideal of the region at the time, and its proponents played a significant role in the emergence of the concept. The political and military backgrounds of Pan-Asianist representatives have led them to approach Islam with this understanding. The first Japanese Muslims were Pan-Asianist or held a political stance close to this ideal, which caused them to focus more on getting to know Muslims than on understanding Islam. The existence of a different understanding of religion in Japan, distinct from the Semitic understanding of religion, has suggested that Islam can only be understood through the systems found here. This situation has not only highlighted the differences between Islam and Japanese religions, but has also contributed to the emergence of interpretations regarding the aspects of the two religious understandings that are compatible with each other. At this point, it can be seen that Pan-Asianism was influential, reflecting the close relationship between religion and politics. Consequently, despite its political character, Japan has been able to approach Islam through its own system. The variable relationship between religion and politics should be considered the most fundamental justification for the bogus designation of the Japanese Muslims.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Pan-Asianism, Japanese Islamic History, Japanese-Muslims, Bogus Muslim

Etik Beyan

This article is a revised and expanded version of the paper entitled “The Perception of Religion in Japan After the Meiji Period: Early Japanese Muslims and the Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’”, which was presented orally at the “Workshop on Religious and Cultural Interactions in the Turkish, Japanese and Islamic Worlds” but has not been published in full text.

Kaynakça

  1. Arai, Hakuseki et al. Seiyō Kibun. Tōkyō: Hakusekisha, 1882. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100602270
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  3. Barber, B. Bryan. Japan’s Relations with Muslim Asia. USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.
  4. Bibik, Oleksandra. “Pan-Asianism and the Image of Islam in Japan From the Second Half of the 19th to the 21st Century.” The World of the Orient 1 (2022), 157–173.
  5. Bibik, Oleksandra. “The Image of the Prophet Muhammad in the Context of Understanding Islam in Japan in the First Half of the 20th Century.” Skhid 3/155 (2018), 69–73.
  6. Bodde, Derk. “Japan and the Muslims of China.” Far Eastern Survey 15/20 (1946), 311–313.
  7. Brandenburg, Ulrich. “Imagining an Islamic Japan: Pan-Asianism’s Encounter with Muslim Mission.” Japan Forum 32/2 (2020), 161–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/09555803.2018.1516689
  8. The Kojiki: Records of Ancient Matters. trans. Basil Hall Chamberlain. Singapore: Tuttle Publishing, 1982.
  9. Dufourmont, Eddy. “Tanaka Ippei: Islam and Pan-Asianism, 1924.” Pan-Asianism: A Documentary History, Volume 2 1920-Present. ed. Sven Saaler - Christopher W. A. Szpilman. 87–91. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2011.
  10. Dündar, Ali Merthan. “Japonya Türk-Tatar Diasporası.” Modern Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi 1/1 (2004), 75–89.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Karaböcek, K. (2025). The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’. Eskiyeni, 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam, 193-215. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1790751
AMA
1.Karaböcek K. The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’. Eskiyeni. 2025;(60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam):193-215. doi:10.37697/eskiyeni.1790751
Chicago
Karaböcek, Kübranur. 2025. “The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’”. Eskiyeni, sy 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam: 193-215. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1790751.
EndNote
Karaböcek K (01 Aralık 2025) The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’. Eskiyeni 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam 193–215.
IEEE
[1]K. Karaböcek, “The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’”, Eskiyeni, sy 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam, ss. 193–215, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.37697/eskiyeni.1790751.
ISNAD
Karaböcek, Kübranur. “The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’”. Eskiyeni. 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam (01 Aralık 2025): 193-215. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1790751.
JAMA
1.Karaböcek K. The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’. Eskiyeni. 2025;:193–215.
MLA
Karaböcek, Kübranur. “The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’”. Eskiyeni, sy 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam, Aralık 2025, ss. 193-15, doi:10.37697/eskiyeni.1790751.
Vancouver
1.Kübranur Karaböcek. The Perception of Religion in Japan After The Meiji Restoration: Early Japanese-Muslims and The Concept of ‘Bogus Muslim’. Eskiyeni. 01 Aralık 2025;(60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam):193-215. doi:10.37697/eskiyeni.1790751