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Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique

Sayı: 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam 31 Aralık 2025
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Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique

Öz

The study approaches the development of Islam in Japan from a phenomenological perspective, examining the emergence of syncretic interpretations that arose in this process. The Japanese religious landscape is multi-layered, flexible, and open to multiple faith affiliations. The research focuses on how the religion was received, transformed, and reinterpreted within the Japanese cultural context. The Japanese religious tradition, shaped through the shinbutsu-shūgō 神仏習合 (kami-Buddha amalgamation) of Shintoism and Buddhism, provides a syncretic foundation that allows various beliefs to coexist. Within this framework, Japanese intellectuals such as Ōkawa Shūmei 大川周明, Tanaka Ippei 田中一平, and Ahmad Bunhachirō Ariga有賀文八郎アフマド advocated reinterpreting Islam in harmony with indigenous spiritual systems. This approach sought conceptual parallels with Daijō Bukkyō 大乗仏教 (Mahayana Buddhism) and Shintoism to facilitate the religion’s cultural adaptation. After World War II, intellectual interest in Islam re-emerged, leading to new discourses on “Japanese Islam.” From the 1970s onward, institutions such as Nihon Isurāmu Kyōdan, 日本イスラーム教団 (the Japanese Islamic Congress (JIC), Japan Islamic Movement) contributed to the institutional reconfiguration of Islamic thought. During this period, the concept of Daijō Islam 大乗イスラーム (Mahayana Islam) was articulated by Haruo Abe as an ideological model, gaining an institutional framework. Today, the image of Islam in Japan continues to evolve amid tensions between historical prejudices and efforts toward cultural accommodation. In conclusion, this study examines the historical, intellectual, and institutional dimensions of Islam in Japan, revealing the transformation of the religion into a localized and syncretic form of belief. The findings indicate that the flexibility of Japanese culture allows universal religions to acquire new meanings within local contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religion, Islam in Japan, Japanese Muslims, Mahāyāna Islam, Syncretism

Etik Beyan

Bu makale, Türkiye, Japonya ve İslam Dünyasında Dinî-Kültürel Etkileşimler Çalıştayı’nda sözlü olarak sunulan, ancak tam metni yayınlanmayan “Japonya’da İslam’ın Senkretik Yorumlanması: Mahāyāna İslam” başlıklı makaleye dayanmaktadır. Makale geliştirilmiş ve kısmen değiştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  1. Bibik, Oleksandra. “Concepts of Asia in Japanese Pan-Asianism: From Cultural to Religious and Political Borders.” Cхід 3(167) (June 1, 2020), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2020.3(167).206674
  2. Caldarola, Carlo. Religion and Societies: Asia and the Middle East. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2011.
  3. Dufourmont, Eddy. “‘Tanaka Ippei: “Islam and Pan-Asianism,” 1924.’” A Documentary History: Volume 2 1920-Present. ed. Sven Saaler - W. A. Christopher. 87–91. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2011.
  4. Ernazarov, Odiljon. “Stages of Spread of Islam in Japan.” American Journal of Science on Integration and Human Development (2993-2750) 2/6 (June 26, 2024), 253–258. https://grnjournal.us/index.php/AJSIHD/article/view/5300
  5. Ichijo, Shin’ya. Shitte bikkuri! Nihon sandai shūkyō no goriyaku Shintō & Bukkyō & Jukyō 知ってビックリ!日本三大宗教のご利益―神道&仏教. Tōkyō: 大和書房, 2007.
  6. Iwai, Noriko. “Religious Beliefs and Religious Organizations in Japan Based on the JGSS Cumulative Data 2000-2023.” Sungkyunkwan University, 2024.
  7. Karaoğlu, Yetkin. “Japonya’daki İslam Tarihi’nden Bakışla Japon Maneviyatı.” Ordu Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi I/1 (2023), 169–190.
  8. Karaoğlu, Yetkin - Acar, Hatice. “Islamophobia in Japan: Possibilities and Controversies.” Journal of Media and Religion Studies Special Issue 1 (November 28, 2024), 187–217. https://doi.org/10.47951/mediad.1518895
  9. Komura, Akiko. “Daijō Islam (Mahayāna Islam).” The Bloomsbury Handbook of Japanese Religions. ed. Fabio Rambelli - Erica Baffelli. 165–167. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2022.2037836
  10. Komura, Akiko. Nihon to isurāmu ga deautoki: Sono rekishi to kanōsei 日本とイスラームが出会うとき その歴史と. Tokyo: Gendai Shokan, 2015.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Acar, H. (2025). Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique. Eskiyeni, 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam, 171-191. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1790774
AMA
1.Acar H. Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique. Eskiyeni. 2025;(60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam):171-191. doi:10.37697/eskiyeni.1790774
Chicago
Acar, Hatice. 2025. “Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique”. Eskiyeni, sy 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam: 171-91. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1790774.
EndNote
Acar H (01 Aralık 2025) Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique. Eskiyeni 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam 171–191.
IEEE
[1]H. Acar, “Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique”, Eskiyeni, sy 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam, ss. 171–191, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.37697/eskiyeni.1790774.
ISNAD
Acar, Hatice. “Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique”. Eskiyeni. 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam (01 Aralık 2025): 171-191. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1790774.
JAMA
1.Acar H. Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique. Eskiyeni. 2025;:171–191.
MLA
Acar, Hatice. “Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique”. Eskiyeni, sy 60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam, Aralık 2025, ss. 171-9, doi:10.37697/eskiyeni.1790774.
Vancouver
1.Hatice Acar. Syncretic Interpretations of Islam in Japan: A Historical-Phenomenological Critique. Eskiyeni. 01 Aralık 2025;(60/Special Issue of Japan-Islam):171-9. doi:10.37697/eskiyeni.1790774