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Cusanus’ta İkinci Tanrı Olarak İnsan ve Ölçme Edimi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 48, 53 - 78, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1227827

Öz

Pek çok felsefe tarihçisi tarafından en önemli Alman düşünürler arasında konumlandırılan Nicolaus Cusanus Türkiyede felsefe çevrelerinde henüz hak ettiği tanınırlığa ulaşamamıştır. Oysaki Cusanus’un felsefi yazıları kendinden sonra gelen Descartes, Berkeley, Leibniz, Kant, Hegel gibi birçok modern filozofun düşüncelerinin tohumlarını barındırmaktadır. Bu sebeple Cusanus’a dair çalışmalar felsefe tarihinde özellikle Rönesans dönemi ve modern felsefeye geçiş için önemli bir durak noktasıdır. Buna rağmen Cusanus’un düşüncelerini inceleyen gerek yabancı dillerde gerek Türkçede kaynaklar sınırlıdır. 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Cusanus üzerine çalışmalar başlamış ve son dönemlerde dünyada Cusanus’a olan ilgi artmıştır. Bu kaynaklarda Cusanus’un özgünlüğüne dair birbirinden farklı tezler ortaya konsa da onun bilgi teorisi ve bu teorinin çağdaş bir konu olarak öznellik felsefesiyle ilişkisi özellikle dikkat çekmektedir. Bunun da sebebi Cusanus’un kendi çağdaşlarından farklı olarak insan zihnine dair görüşleri sonucu bilme ediminde insanı merkez kılıp diğer her şeyi zihnin dolayımına sokmasıdır. Bu durumda insan şeyleri kendinde oldukları gibi değil de zihninin yapımı olan kavramsal dünyanın bir parçası olarak bilebilmektedir. Bu da insan zihnini, bilme ediminde merkeze koyan ama öte yandan onun bilgisini sınırlayan bir düşünce sistemdir. İnsan zihninin bu merkeziliği Cusanus’u insanı dünya üzerindeki ikinci bir tanrı olarak nitelendirmeye götürmüştür. İnsanın ikinci tanrı olarak nitelendirilmesindeki başlıca sebep bilme etkinliği ve bu etkinliğin özünde yatan ölçme edimidir. Ancak Cusanus’un özgünlüğünü ortaya çıkartan ikinci tanrı olarak insan anlayışı ile insan zihninin ölçme edimi arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanarak insanın bu dünya üzerindeki yaratıcılığına dair bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu makale ile literatürdeki söz konusu boşluğun doldurulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Cusanus’un modern ve çağdaş felsefeyle ilişkilendirilen bilgi teorisindeki özgünlüğü, ikinci tanrı olarak insanın ölçme edimi ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenerek gösterilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Alada, A. Dinç. “Cusalı Nikolaus’ın Düşüncesini Küçükömer ve Ülken’in Felsefi Tavırlarından Hareketle İrdelemek”. FLSF Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22 (Eylül 2016), 279-298.
  • Albertson, David. Mathematical theologies: Nicholas of Cusa and the legacy of Thierry of Chartres. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
  • Albertson, David. “"Boethius Noster": Thierry of Chartres’s "Arithmetica" Commentary as a Missing Source of Nicholas of Cusa’s "De Docta Ignorantia". Recherches de théologie et philosophie médiévales 83/1 (2016), 143-199.
  • Albertson, David. “Before the Icon: the Figural Matrix of De visione Dei”. Nicholas of Cusa and Times of Transition, ed. Thomas M. Izbicki vd. 262-285. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2019.
  • Aristotle. Aristotle's Metaphysics. ed. W.D. Ross. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1924.
  • Beck, Lewis White. Early German Philosophy: Kant and His Predecessors. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969.
  • Boethius. Boethian Number Theory: A Translation of the De Institutione Arithmetica. çev. Michael Masi. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2006.
  • Bonaventure. “The Breviloquium”. The Works of Bonaventure Cardinal Seraphic Doctor and Saint. çev. José de Vinck. Cilt 2. Paterson, NJ: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1963.
  • Bormann, Karl. Nikolaus von Kues: "Der Mensch als zweiter Gott". Trier: Paulinus, 1999.
  • Cassirer, Ernst. Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit. Cilt 1. Berlin: Verlag Bruno Cassirer, 1922.
  • Cassirer, Ernst. Individuum und Kosmos in der Philosophie der Renaissance. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
  • Colomer, Eusebio. “Die Erkenntnismetaphysik des Nikolaus von Kues im Hinblick auf die Möglichkeit der Gotteserkenntnis,” MFCG 11, ed. Rudolf Haubst. 204-232, Mainz: Grünewald, 1975.
  • Cusa, Nicholas of. Complete Philosophical and Theological Treatises of Nicholas of Cusa. çev. Jasper Hopkins. 2 Cilt. Minnesota: The Arthur J. Banning Press, 2001.
  • Cusanus Portal, Opera: Werke. Erişim 10 Aralık 2022. https://urts99.uni-trier.de/cusanus/content/werke.php
  • D’Amico, Claudia. “Plato and the Platonic Tradition in the Philosophy of Nicholas of Cusa”. Brill’s Companion to German Platonism, ed. Alan Kim. 15-42. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2019.
  • Eriugena. Periphyseon (The Division of Nature). çev. Inglis Patrick Sheldon-Williams - John J. O’Meara. Montreal/Paris: Bellarmin, 1987.
  • Fiamma, Andrea. “Der Menschliche Geist und die Universalienbegriffe bei Nikolaus von Kues”. Singularität und Universalität im Denken des Cusanus. ed. C. Stroebele. 53-71. Regensburg: S. Roderer Verlag, 2015.
  • Fournier, Michael. “Boethius and the Consolation of the Quadrivium.” Medievalia et Humanistica: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Culture. ed. Paul Maurice Clogan. 1-21. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008.
  • Fuehrer, L. Markus. “Cusanus Platonicus. References to the Term ‘Platonici’ in Nicholas of Cusa”. The Platonic Tradition in the Middle Ages, ed. Stephen Gersh vd. 345-370. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 2002.
  • Gersh, Stephen. “Berthold of Moosburg, Nicholas of Cusa, and Marsilio Ficino as Historians of Philosophy”. The Renewal of Medieval Metaphysics: Berthold of Moosburg’s Expositio on Proclus’ Elements of Theology, ed. Dragos Calma - Evan King. 453-502. Leiden: Brill, 2021.
  • Grotz, M. Cecilia. “Der Geist als Punkt und Maß (De mente c. 9)”. Nicolaus Cusanus: Der Laie über den Geist /Idiota de mente, ed. Isabelle Mandrella. 147-158. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 2021.
  • Harries, Karsten. Infinity and Perspective. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2001.
  • Henke, Norbert. Der Abbildbegriff in der Erkenntnislehre des Nikolaus von Kues. Münster: Aschendorff, 1969.
  • Hieronymus. “Psalmi - Proverbia - Ecclesiastes - Canticum canticorum - Sapientia - Iesus Sirach”. Biblia Sacra vulgata: Lateinisch-deutsch. ed. Andreas Beriger- Widu-Wolfgang Ehlers. Cilt 3. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.
  • Hopkins, Jasper. Nicholas of Cusa on Wisdom and Knowledge. Minneapolis: The Arthur J. Banning Press, 1996.
  • Hopkins, Jasper. “Nicholas of Cusa: First Modern Philosopher?”. Midwest Studies in Philosophy 26 (2002), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4975.261051
  • Hudson, J. Nancy. Becoming God: The Doctrine of Theosis in Nicholas of Cusa. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2007.
  • Irlenborn, Bernd. “Der Mensch als zweiter Gott? Anmerkungen zur imago dei-Lehre des Nikolaus von Kues”. Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 47 (2000), 381-401.
  • Koç, Yalçın. Theographia'nın Esasları: Teoloji ve Matematik İnşa'sı Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Ankara: Cedit Neşriyat, 2009.
  • Kues, Nikolaus von. Werke: Neuasgabe des Strassburger Drucks von 1488. ed. Paul Wilpert. Cilt 1. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1967.
  • Lactantius. “Epitome of the Divine Institutes”. The Works of Lactantius. çev. William Fletcher. Cilt 2. Edinburg: T.& T. Clark, 1871.
  • Lactantius. “Divinae institutiones et epitome divinarum institutionum”. L. Caeli Firmiani Lactanti opera omnia, ed. S. Brandt - G. Laubmann. Cilt 19. Vindobonae: F. Tempsky, 1890.
  • Lactantius. “Epitome Divinarum Institutionum”. L. Caeli Firmiani Lactanti opera omnia. ed. S. Brandt, G. Laubmann. Cilt 19. Vindobonae: F. Tempsky, 1890.
  • Lactantius. The Divine Institutes: Books I-VII. çev. Sister Mary Francis McDonald. Washington: The Catholic University of America, 2008.
  • Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius. Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii Saturnalia, ed. Jacobus Willis. Stuttgart/Leipzig: Teubner, 1994.
  • McEvoy, James. “The Divine as the Measure of Being in Platonic and Scholastic Thought”. Studies in Medieval Philosophy. ed. John F. Wippel. 85-116. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1987.
  • Miller, Lee Clyde. The Art of Conjecture: Nicholas of Cusa on Knowledge. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2021.
  • Miller, Clyde Lee. “Cusanus, Nicolaus [Nicolas of Cusa]”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Erişim 20 Aralık 2022. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cusanus/#ConPolIde.
  • Moreschini, Claudio. Hermes Christianus: the intermingling of Hermetic piety and Christian thoughts. çev. Patrick Baker. Turnhout: Brepols, 2011.
  • Numénius. Fragments. ed. ve çev. Édouard Des Places. Paris: Belles Lettres, 1973.
  • O’Brien, Carl Sean. The Demiurge in Ancient Thought: Secondary Gods and Divine Mediators. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
  • Ost, E., David. “Bonaventure: The Aesthetic Synthesis”. Franciscan Studies 36 (1976), 233-247.
  • Plato, “Timaios”, Plato in Twelve Volumes, çev. W.R.M. Lamb. Cilt 9. Cambridge/MA: Harvard University Press, 1925.
  • Plato. “Laws”. Plato in Twelve Volumes. çev. R.G. Bury. Cilt 10-11. Cambridge/MA: Harvard University Press, 1967-1968.
  • Plato. The Republic: Books VI-X. çev. Paul Shorey. Cilt 2. Cambridge/Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1942.
  • Plato. Timaeus and Critias. çev. Robin Waterfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Philo. “Allegorical Interpretation of Genesis II, and III”. Philo. çev. F. H. Colson - G. H. Whitaker. Cilt 1. Cambridge/Massachusetts/London: Harvard University Press, 1981.
  • Ritter, Heinrich. Geschichte der Philosophie: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie. Cilt 9. Hamburg: Perthes, 1850.
  • Saint Augustine. The City of God: Books VIII-XVI. çev. Gerald G. Walsh, S.J. - Grace Monahan, O.S.U. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1952.
  • Stadler, Michael. “Zum Begriff der mensuratio bei Cusanus. Ein Beitrag zur Ortung der cusanischen Erkenntnislehre”. Mensura: Mass, Zahl, Zahlensymbolik Im Mittelalter, 1. Halbband. ed. Albert Zimmermann. 118- 131. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1983.
  • Stadler, Michael. Rekonstruktion einer Philosophie der Ungegenständlichkeit: zur Struktur des Cusanischen Denkens. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1983.
  • Tarhan, Diler Ezgi. “Pythagoras Felsefesinde Müzik ve Matematik İlişkisi Üzerine”. Felsefi Düşün - Akademik Felsefe Dergisi 15/2 (2020), 203-224.
  • The Book of Wisdom: The Greek Text, the Latin Vulgate, and the Authorised English Version. çev. ve ed. William J. Deane. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1881.
  • Topaloğlu, Fatih. “Erken Rönesans Döneminde Panteistik Temalı Bir Tanrı Tasavvuru -Nicholas of Cusa’da Tanrı-Âlem İlişkisi-“. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 26/1 (Haziran 2022), 235—250. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1052666
  • Topaloğlu, Fatih. “Nicholas of Cusa’da Varlık ve İdrak”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 24/45 (Haziran 2022), 211 – 234. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1067452
  • Topaloğlu, Fatih. “Nicholas of Cusa Düşüncesinde “Öteki”nin Konumu-Felsefi Bir İnceleme”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 22/2 (Eylül 2022), 785-812. https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1107437.
  • Trinkaus, Charles. “Protagoras in the Renaissance: An Exploration”, Philosophy and Humanism: Essays in Honor of Paul Oskar Kristeller. ed. Edmund Mahoney. 190–213. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.
  • Trismegistus, Hermes. Hermetica. çev. Walter Scott. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.
  • Vatansever, Saniye. “An Interpretation of Plato’s Theory of Forms”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/2 (2018), 98-116.
  • Vinzens, Rüfner. “Homo secundus Deus. Eine geistesgeschichtliche Studie zum menschlichen Schöpfertum”. Philosophisches Jahrbuch 63 (1955), 248–291.
  • Watts, Pauline Moffitt. Nicolaus Cusanus: A Fifteenth-Century Vision of Man. Leiden: Brill, 1982.
  • Yıldırım, Ali. “Nicolaus Cusanus”. Doğu’dan Batı’ya Düşüncenin Serüveni: Antikçağ Yunan ve Ortaçağ Düşüncesi. ed. Celal Türer, Hakan Olgun. 951-956. Cilt 2. İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 2015.

Man as the Second God and the Act of Measurement in Cusanus

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 48, 53 - 78, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1227827

Öz

Nicolaus Cusanus, considered one of the most important German thinkers by many historians of philosophy, has yet to receive the recognition he deserves in the phil-osophical circles in Turkey. However, the philosophical writings of Cusanus con-tain the seeds of the thoughts of many modern philosophers such as Descartes, Berkeley, Leibniz, Kant, and Hegel. For this reason, studies on Cusanus are an essen-tial stopping point in the history of philosophy, especially for the Renaissance pe-riod and the transition to modern philosophy. Despite this, texts examining Cu-sanus' thoughts are limited in foreign languages and Turkish. Towards the end of the 19th century, studies on Cusanus started and recently the worldwide interest in Cusanus has increased. Although there are different theses about the original as-pect of Cusanus’ thoughts in these sources, his theory of knowledge and the rela-tionship of this theory with the contemporary subject of philosophy of subjectivity attract attention. The reason for this is that Cusanus, unlike his contemporaries, as a result of his views on the human mind, makes the human center in the act of knowing and puts everything else into the mind's mediation. That is why people can know things not as they are in themselves, but only in so far, they are part of the conceptual world, that their own mind constructs that. This is a system of thought that on the one hand puts the human mind at the center through its act of knowing on the other hand, limits its knowledge. This centrality of the human mind led Cusanus to characterize man as the second god on earth. The main reason for characterizing man as the second god is the activity of knowing and the act of measuring that lies at the core of this activity. Despite its significance, there is no study focusing on man’s creativity in this world through the relationship between Cusanus’s conception of man as the second god and the human mind’s activity of measurement, which reveals the originality of Cusanus’ thought. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature. To achieve this aim, this study examines the act of measurement of man as the second god, which reveals the originality of Cusanus’ theory of knowledge associated with modern and contemporary philosophy.

Kaynakça

  • Alada, A. Dinç. “Cusalı Nikolaus’ın Düşüncesini Küçükömer ve Ülken’in Felsefi Tavırlarından Hareketle İrdelemek”. FLSF Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22 (Eylül 2016), 279-298.
  • Albertson, David. Mathematical theologies: Nicholas of Cusa and the legacy of Thierry of Chartres. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
  • Albertson, David. “"Boethius Noster": Thierry of Chartres’s "Arithmetica" Commentary as a Missing Source of Nicholas of Cusa’s "De Docta Ignorantia". Recherches de théologie et philosophie médiévales 83/1 (2016), 143-199.
  • Albertson, David. “Before the Icon: the Figural Matrix of De visione Dei”. Nicholas of Cusa and Times of Transition, ed. Thomas M. Izbicki vd. 262-285. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2019.
  • Aristotle. Aristotle's Metaphysics. ed. W.D. Ross. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1924.
  • Beck, Lewis White. Early German Philosophy: Kant and His Predecessors. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969.
  • Boethius. Boethian Number Theory: A Translation of the De Institutione Arithmetica. çev. Michael Masi. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2006.
  • Bonaventure. “The Breviloquium”. The Works of Bonaventure Cardinal Seraphic Doctor and Saint. çev. José de Vinck. Cilt 2. Paterson, NJ: St. Anthony Guild Press, 1963.
  • Bormann, Karl. Nikolaus von Kues: "Der Mensch als zweiter Gott". Trier: Paulinus, 1999.
  • Cassirer, Ernst. Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit. Cilt 1. Berlin: Verlag Bruno Cassirer, 1922.
  • Cassirer, Ernst. Individuum und Kosmos in der Philosophie der Renaissance. Leipzig: Teubner, 1927.
  • Colomer, Eusebio. “Die Erkenntnismetaphysik des Nikolaus von Kues im Hinblick auf die Möglichkeit der Gotteserkenntnis,” MFCG 11, ed. Rudolf Haubst. 204-232, Mainz: Grünewald, 1975.
  • Cusa, Nicholas of. Complete Philosophical and Theological Treatises of Nicholas of Cusa. çev. Jasper Hopkins. 2 Cilt. Minnesota: The Arthur J. Banning Press, 2001.
  • Cusanus Portal, Opera: Werke. Erişim 10 Aralık 2022. https://urts99.uni-trier.de/cusanus/content/werke.php
  • D’Amico, Claudia. “Plato and the Platonic Tradition in the Philosophy of Nicholas of Cusa”. Brill’s Companion to German Platonism, ed. Alan Kim. 15-42. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2019.
  • Eriugena. Periphyseon (The Division of Nature). çev. Inglis Patrick Sheldon-Williams - John J. O’Meara. Montreal/Paris: Bellarmin, 1987.
  • Fiamma, Andrea. “Der Menschliche Geist und die Universalienbegriffe bei Nikolaus von Kues”. Singularität und Universalität im Denken des Cusanus. ed. C. Stroebele. 53-71. Regensburg: S. Roderer Verlag, 2015.
  • Fournier, Michael. “Boethius and the Consolation of the Quadrivium.” Medievalia et Humanistica: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Culture. ed. Paul Maurice Clogan. 1-21. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2008.
  • Fuehrer, L. Markus. “Cusanus Platonicus. References to the Term ‘Platonici’ in Nicholas of Cusa”. The Platonic Tradition in the Middle Ages, ed. Stephen Gersh vd. 345-370. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 2002.
  • Gersh, Stephen. “Berthold of Moosburg, Nicholas of Cusa, and Marsilio Ficino as Historians of Philosophy”. The Renewal of Medieval Metaphysics: Berthold of Moosburg’s Expositio on Proclus’ Elements of Theology, ed. Dragos Calma - Evan King. 453-502. Leiden: Brill, 2021.
  • Grotz, M. Cecilia. “Der Geist als Punkt und Maß (De mente c. 9)”. Nicolaus Cusanus: Der Laie über den Geist /Idiota de mente, ed. Isabelle Mandrella. 147-158. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 2021.
  • Harries, Karsten. Infinity and Perspective. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2001.
  • Henke, Norbert. Der Abbildbegriff in der Erkenntnislehre des Nikolaus von Kues. Münster: Aschendorff, 1969.
  • Hieronymus. “Psalmi - Proverbia - Ecclesiastes - Canticum canticorum - Sapientia - Iesus Sirach”. Biblia Sacra vulgata: Lateinisch-deutsch. ed. Andreas Beriger- Widu-Wolfgang Ehlers. Cilt 3. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.
  • Hopkins, Jasper. Nicholas of Cusa on Wisdom and Knowledge. Minneapolis: The Arthur J. Banning Press, 1996.
  • Hopkins, Jasper. “Nicholas of Cusa: First Modern Philosopher?”. Midwest Studies in Philosophy 26 (2002), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4975.261051
  • Hudson, J. Nancy. Becoming God: The Doctrine of Theosis in Nicholas of Cusa. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2007.
  • Irlenborn, Bernd. “Der Mensch als zweiter Gott? Anmerkungen zur imago dei-Lehre des Nikolaus von Kues”. Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 47 (2000), 381-401.
  • Koç, Yalçın. Theographia'nın Esasları: Teoloji ve Matematik İnşa'sı Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Ankara: Cedit Neşriyat, 2009.
  • Kues, Nikolaus von. Werke: Neuasgabe des Strassburger Drucks von 1488. ed. Paul Wilpert. Cilt 1. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1967.
  • Lactantius. “Epitome of the Divine Institutes”. The Works of Lactantius. çev. William Fletcher. Cilt 2. Edinburg: T.& T. Clark, 1871.
  • Lactantius. “Divinae institutiones et epitome divinarum institutionum”. L. Caeli Firmiani Lactanti opera omnia, ed. S. Brandt - G. Laubmann. Cilt 19. Vindobonae: F. Tempsky, 1890.
  • Lactantius. “Epitome Divinarum Institutionum”. L. Caeli Firmiani Lactanti opera omnia. ed. S. Brandt, G. Laubmann. Cilt 19. Vindobonae: F. Tempsky, 1890.
  • Lactantius. The Divine Institutes: Books I-VII. çev. Sister Mary Francis McDonald. Washington: The Catholic University of America, 2008.
  • Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius. Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii Saturnalia, ed. Jacobus Willis. Stuttgart/Leipzig: Teubner, 1994.
  • McEvoy, James. “The Divine as the Measure of Being in Platonic and Scholastic Thought”. Studies in Medieval Philosophy. ed. John F. Wippel. 85-116. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1987.
  • Miller, Lee Clyde. The Art of Conjecture: Nicholas of Cusa on Knowledge. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 2021.
  • Miller, Clyde Lee. “Cusanus, Nicolaus [Nicolas of Cusa]”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Erişim 20 Aralık 2022. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cusanus/#ConPolIde.
  • Moreschini, Claudio. Hermes Christianus: the intermingling of Hermetic piety and Christian thoughts. çev. Patrick Baker. Turnhout: Brepols, 2011.
  • Numénius. Fragments. ed. ve çev. Édouard Des Places. Paris: Belles Lettres, 1973.
  • O’Brien, Carl Sean. The Demiurge in Ancient Thought: Secondary Gods and Divine Mediators. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
  • Ost, E., David. “Bonaventure: The Aesthetic Synthesis”. Franciscan Studies 36 (1976), 233-247.
  • Plato, “Timaios”, Plato in Twelve Volumes, çev. W.R.M. Lamb. Cilt 9. Cambridge/MA: Harvard University Press, 1925.
  • Plato. “Laws”. Plato in Twelve Volumes. çev. R.G. Bury. Cilt 10-11. Cambridge/MA: Harvard University Press, 1967-1968.
  • Plato. The Republic: Books VI-X. çev. Paul Shorey. Cilt 2. Cambridge/Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1942.
  • Plato. Timaeus and Critias. çev. Robin Waterfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Philo. “Allegorical Interpretation of Genesis II, and III”. Philo. çev. F. H. Colson - G. H. Whitaker. Cilt 1. Cambridge/Massachusetts/London: Harvard University Press, 1981.
  • Ritter, Heinrich. Geschichte der Philosophie: Geschichte der neuern Philosophie. Cilt 9. Hamburg: Perthes, 1850.
  • Saint Augustine. The City of God: Books VIII-XVI. çev. Gerald G. Walsh, S.J. - Grace Monahan, O.S.U. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1952.
  • Stadler, Michael. “Zum Begriff der mensuratio bei Cusanus. Ein Beitrag zur Ortung der cusanischen Erkenntnislehre”. Mensura: Mass, Zahl, Zahlensymbolik Im Mittelalter, 1. Halbband. ed. Albert Zimmermann. 118- 131. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1983.
  • Stadler, Michael. Rekonstruktion einer Philosophie der Ungegenständlichkeit: zur Struktur des Cusanischen Denkens. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1983.
  • Tarhan, Diler Ezgi. “Pythagoras Felsefesinde Müzik ve Matematik İlişkisi Üzerine”. Felsefi Düşün - Akademik Felsefe Dergisi 15/2 (2020), 203-224.
  • The Book of Wisdom: The Greek Text, the Latin Vulgate, and the Authorised English Version. çev. ve ed. William J. Deane. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1881.
  • Topaloğlu, Fatih. “Erken Rönesans Döneminde Panteistik Temalı Bir Tanrı Tasavvuru -Nicholas of Cusa’da Tanrı-Âlem İlişkisi-“. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 26/1 (Haziran 2022), 235—250. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1052666
  • Topaloğlu, Fatih. “Nicholas of Cusa’da Varlık ve İdrak”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 24/45 (Haziran 2022), 211 – 234. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1067452
  • Topaloğlu, Fatih. “Nicholas of Cusa Düşüncesinde “Öteki”nin Konumu-Felsefi Bir İnceleme”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 22/2 (Eylül 2022), 785-812. https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1107437.
  • Trinkaus, Charles. “Protagoras in the Renaissance: An Exploration”, Philosophy and Humanism: Essays in Honor of Paul Oskar Kristeller. ed. Edmund Mahoney. 190–213. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.
  • Trismegistus, Hermes. Hermetica. çev. Walter Scott. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.
  • Vatansever, Saniye. “An Interpretation of Plato’s Theory of Forms”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/2 (2018), 98-116.
  • Vinzens, Rüfner. “Homo secundus Deus. Eine geistesgeschichtliche Studie zum menschlichen Schöpfertum”. Philosophisches Jahrbuch 63 (1955), 248–291.
  • Watts, Pauline Moffitt. Nicolaus Cusanus: A Fifteenth-Century Vision of Man. Leiden: Brill, 1982.
  • Yıldırım, Ali. “Nicolaus Cusanus”. Doğu’dan Batı’ya Düşüncenin Serüveni: Antikçağ Yunan ve Ortaçağ Düşüncesi. ed. Celal Türer, Hakan Olgun. 951-956. Cilt 2. İstanbul: İnsan Yayınları, 2015.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Felsefe, Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İhsan Berk Özcangiller 0000-0003-3458-772X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 48

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Özcangiller, İhsan Berk. “Cusanus’ta İkinci Tanrı Olarak İnsan Ve Ölçme Edimi”. Eskiyeni 48 (Mart 2023), 53-78. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1227827.
Eskiyeni  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır. | Sherpa Romeo