THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CO2 EMISSION AND TRADE OPENNESS: CASE OF ASIAN PACIFIC COUNTRIES

Öz

Increases in trade volume around the world bring environmental problems to the fore. In this study, the long-term relationship between trade openness and CO2 emission variables of China, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand was examined by considering the period of 1960-2016. Firstly, Harvey, Leybourne & Xiao (2008) test was used to analyze whether the series were linear or not. According to the findings, nonlinear Leybourne, Newbold & Vougas (1998), Sollis (2009) unit root tests, Becker, Enders & Lee (2006) Fouirer stationarity test and Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test were used. Since the series are stationary at the I(1) level, the long-term relationship between trade openness and CO2 was tested using the Fouirer Cointegration (FSHIN) test. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is no long-term relationship between the variables for China, Malaysia and Thailand, but there is a positive relationship between trade openness and CO2 emissions for Indonesia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CO2 Emission
• Trade Openness
• Asia Pacific Countries
• Fourier Cointegration Test

CO2 EMİSYONU VE TİCARİ AÇIKLIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ASYA PASİFİK ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Dünya genelinde ülkelerin ticaret hacmindeki artışlar çevre sorunlarını ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Son yıllarda başta Çin olmak üzere Asya Pasifik ülkelerinin hem ticaret hacmindeki hem de CO2 emisyonlarındaki artışlar dikkatleri çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Çin, Endonezya, Malezya ve Tayland'ın ticari açıklık ile CO2 emisyonu değişkenleri arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki 1960-2016 dönemi dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. İlk olarak Harvey, Leybourne & Xiao (2008) testi serilerin doğrusal olup olmadığını analiz etmek için kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre doğrusal olmayan Leybourne, Newbold & Vougas (1998) , Sollis (2009) birim kök testleri, Becker, Enders & Lee (2006) Fouirer durağanlık testi ve ADF birim kök testi kullanılmıştır. Serilerin I(1) düzeyinde durağan olması nedeniyle ticari açıklık ve CO2 arasında uzun dönemli ilişki Fouirer eşbütünleşme (FSHIN) testi kullanılarak sınanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Çin, Malezya ve Tayland için değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişki olmadığı, Endonezya için ticari açıklık ve CO2 emisyonu arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CO2 Emisyonu
• Ticari Açıklık
• Asya Pasifik Ülkeleri
• Fourier Eşbütünleşme Testi

Kaynakça

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