TAKSİ SÜRÜCÜLERİNİN SALDIRGANLIK VE YAŞAM DOYUMU DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Yıl 2023,
, 505 - 519, 04.04.2023
Ferhat Toper
,
Gülhan Gökçe Ceran Yıldırım
,
Mehmet Başcıllar
Öz
Saldırganlık, bir kişinin başka bir kişiye karşı sergilediği hoş olmayan davranışlarını ifade etmektedir. Saldırganlık denildiğinde insanların zihninde kaba kuvvetin uygulanması canlansa da tek bir davranış veya davranış grubunu saldırganlık olarak tanımlamak oldukça güçtür. Zira saldırganlık çok farklı şekillerde davranışa dönüşebilmektedir. Trafikte şiddet ve saldırganlık son yıllarda önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Şiddet içeren ve saldırgan davranışlarla ilgili düzenlemelerin eksikliği göz önüne alındığında, sürücülerin dâhil olduğu olay ve kazaların sayısı önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Bu çalışma taksi sürücülerinin sosyodemografik özellikleri, saldırganlık ve yaşam doyumu düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma tasarımından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul ilinde 19 taksi durağına kayıtlı 146 taksi sürücüsü oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış Sosyodemografik Form; Buss ve Perry (1992) tarafından geliştirilmiş Saldırganlık Ölçeği; Diener ve arkadaşları (1985) tarafından geliştirilmiş Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde katılımcıların tamamı erkek olup %92,5’i lise ve altı eğitim düzeyindedir. Taksi sürücülerinin günde 11,3 saat çalıştığı; %72,6’sının trafikte kendisini stres altında hissettiği bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların saldırganlık ile yaşam doyumu düzeyleri arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
Kaynakça
- KAYNAKÇA
Aghabayk, K., Mashhadizade, L., & Moridpour, S. (2020). Need Safer Taxi Drivers? Use Psychological Characteristics to Find or Train! Sustainability, 12(10), 4206. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104206
- Berger, T., Frey, C. B., Levin, G., & Danda, S. R. (2019). Uber happy? Work and well-being in the ‘gig economy’. Economic Policy, 34(99), 429-477. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiz007
- Blanchard, E. B., Barton, K. A., & Malta, L. (2000). Psychometric Properties of a Measure of Aggressive Driving: The Larson Driver's Stress Profile. Psychological Reports, 881-892. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.881
- Burt, S. A., Donnellan, M. B., & Tackett, J. L. (2012). Should Social Aggression be Considered “Antisocial”? Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(153), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9267-0
- Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 63(3), 452. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı İstatistik, Araştırma Deseni SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum (Genişletilmiş 18 ed.). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
- Conner, M., Smith, N., & Mcmillan, B. (2003). Examining Normative Pressure in the Theory of Planned Behaviour: Impact of Gender and Passengers on Intentions to Break the Speed Limit. Current Psychology, 22, 252-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-003-1020-8
- Dağlı, A., & Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması; Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1250-1262. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.263229
Damjanović, M., Mićić, S., Matović, B., Jovanović, D., & Bulajić, A. (2022). Differences in driving anger among professional drivers: a cross-cultural study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 4168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074168
- Deniz, P., Lajunen, T., Özkan, T., & Gaygısız, E. (2021). Masculinity, femininity, and angry drivers: Masculinity and femininity as moderators between driver anger and anger expression style among young drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 161, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106347
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- Diener, E. (1995). A value-based index for measuring the national quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 36(2), 107-127.
- Dodge, K., & Coie, J. (1987). Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1146-1158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1146
- Ellison-Potter, P., Bell, P., & Deffenbacher, J. (2001). The Effects of Trait Driving Anger, Anonymity, and Aggressive Stimuli on Aggressive Driving Behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00204.x
- Fletcher, R., & Milton, M. (2007). Being Aggressive: An existential-phenomenological critique of the psychological literature on Human Aggression. Existential Analysis, 18(2), 297-315.
- Gündoğar, D., Gül, S. S., Uskun, E., & Keçeci, D. (2007). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yaşam Doyumunu Yordayan Etkenlerin İncelenmesi. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 10(1), 14-27.
- Harris, P. B., & Houston, J. M. (2008). Recklessness in Context: Individual and Situational Correlates to Aggressive Driving. Environment and Behavior, 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508325234
- Hauber, A. R. (1980). The social psychology of driving behavior and the traffic environment: research on aggressive behaviour in traffic. International Review of Applied Psychology, 461-474.
- Hennessy, D. A., & Wiesenthal, D. L. (1999). Traffic Congestion, Driver Stress, and Driver Aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 409-423. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1999)25:6<409::AID-AB2>3.0.CO;2-0
- Izadi, A., Abgon, H., & Tagavi, M. (2021). Study of the Relationship Between the Characteristics of Taxi Drivers and Driving Experience. International Journal of Transportation Engineering, 9(2), 561-572. https://doi.org/10.22119/IJTE.2021.256999.1546
- Kaba, İ., Erol, M., & Güç, K. (2018). Yetişkin Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550232
- Kaiser, S., Furian, G., & Schlembach, C. (2016). Aggressive behavior in road traffic – findings from Austria. Transportation Research Procedia, 4384-4392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.360
- Karimi, S., Aghabayk, K., & Moridpour, S. (2022). Impact of driving style, behavior and anger on crash involvement among Iranian intercity bus drivers. IATSS Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.07.003
Kenrick, D., & Macfarlane, S. W. (1986). Ambient temperature and horn honking: A Field Study of the Heat/Aggression Relationship. Environment and Behavior, 18 (2), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916586182002
- Kılıç, C. (2020). Saldırganlık Üzerine Yapılan Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik ve Psikoloji Doktora Tezlerinin İncelenmesi. Öğretmen Eğitiminde Yenilikçi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.29329/jirte.2020.321.1
- Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Honkanen, R., Viinamäki, H., Heikkilä, K., Kaprio, J., & Koskenvuo, M. (2001). Life satisfaction and suicide: a 20-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(3), 433-439. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.433
- Kontogiannis, T. (2006). Patterns of driver stress and coping strategies in a Greek sample and their relationship to aberrant behaviors and traffic accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(5), 913-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2006.03.002
- Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi.
- Loewe, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Araya-Castillo, L., Thieme, C., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2014). Life domain satisfactions as predictors of overall life satisfaction among workers: Evidence from Chile. Social indicators research, 118(1), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0408-6
- Love, S., Kannis-Dymand, L., Davey, J., & Freeman, J. (2022). Metacognition, rumination and road rage: an examination of driver anger progression and expression in Australia. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 84, 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.11.015
- Madran, H. A. D. (2012). Buss-Perry saldırganlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-021-01704-3
- Medgyesi, M., & Zólyomi, E. (2016). Job satisfaction and satisfaction in financial situation and their impact on life satisfaction. European Commission, Directorate general for employment, social affairs and inclusion. 6/2016 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319980515
- Mehri, M., Khazaee-Pool, M., & Arghami, S. (2019). Phenomenology of being a safe taxi driver. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8106-1
- Moffitt, T. (1993). Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674-701.
- Naderi, H., Nassiri, H., & Sahebi, S. (2018). Assessing the relationship between heavy vehicle driver sleep problems and confirmed driver behavior measurement tools in Iran. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 59, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.08.007
- Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The Measurement of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16(2), 134-143.
- Öz, B., Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2010). Professional and non-professional drivers’ stress reactions and risky driving. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 13(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2009.10.001
- Özdevecioğlu, M., & Aktaş, A. (2007). Kariyer Bağlılığı, Mesleki Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Bağlılığın Yaşam Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisi: İş-Aile Çatışmasının Rolü. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi (28), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.18070/EUIIBFD.33899
- Özgür, G., Gümüş, A. B., & Durdu, B. (2010). Evde ve Yurtta Kalan Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yaşam Doyumu. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 1(1), 25-32.
- Qu, W., Dai, M., Zhao, W., Zhang, K., & Ge, Y. (2016). Expressing anger is more dangerous than feeling angry when driving. PLoS one, 11(6), e0156948. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156948
- Ross, R. R., & Antonowicz, D. H. (2004). Antisocial Drivers Prosocial Driver Training for Prevention and Rehabilitation. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher LTD.
- Sadia, R., Kamal, A., & Jami, H. (2018). Role of Aggressive and Adaptive Anger Expression in Prediction of Accidents among Pakistani Drivers. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 12(1), 127-137.
- Săucan, D.-Ş., Micle, M.-I., Popa, C., & Oancea, G. (2012). Violence and aggressiveness in traffic. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 343-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.140
- Shams, Z., Naderi, H., & Nassiri, H. (2021). Assessing the effect of inattention-related error and anger in driving on road accidents among Iranian heavy vehicle drivers. IATSS Research, 45(2), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2020.09.005
- Sinclair, M., & Imaniranzi, E. (2015). Aggressive driving behaviour: the case of minibus taxi drivers in Cape Town, South Africa. Southern African Transport Conference.
- Sullman, M. J., Stephens, A. N., & Kuzu, D. (2013). The expression of anger amongst Turkish taxi drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 56, 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.03.013
- Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Useche, S. A., Ortiz, V. G., & Cendales, B. E. (2017). Stress-related psychosocial factors at work, fatigue, and risky driving behavior in bus rapid transport (BRT) drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 104, 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.04.023
- Vitaro, F., Gendreau, P. L., Tremblay, R. E., & Oligny, P. (1998). Reactive and Proactive Aggression Differentially Predict Later Conduct Problems. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39(3), 377-385.
- Yetim, Ü. (1993). Life satisfaction: A study based on the organization of personel projects. Social Indıcators Research, 29(3), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079516
EVALUATION OF TAXI DRIVER'S AGGRESSION AND LIFE SATISFACTION LEVEL
Yıl 2023,
, 505 - 519, 04.04.2023
Ferhat Toper
,
Gülhan Gökçe Ceran Yıldırım
,
Mehmet Başcıllar
Kaynakça
- KAYNAKÇA
Aghabayk, K., Mashhadizade, L., & Moridpour, S. (2020). Need Safer Taxi Drivers? Use Psychological Characteristics to Find or Train! Sustainability, 12(10), 4206. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104206
- Berger, T., Frey, C. B., Levin, G., & Danda, S. R. (2019). Uber happy? Work and well-being in the ‘gig economy’. Economic Policy, 34(99), 429-477. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiz007
- Blanchard, E. B., Barton, K. A., & Malta, L. (2000). Psychometric Properties of a Measure of Aggressive Driving: The Larson Driver's Stress Profile. Psychological Reports, 881-892. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.881
- Burt, S. A., Donnellan, M. B., & Tackett, J. L. (2012). Should Social Aggression be Considered “Antisocial”? Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(153), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9267-0
- Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 63(3), 452. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı İstatistik, Araştırma Deseni SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum (Genişletilmiş 18 ed.). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
- Conner, M., Smith, N., & Mcmillan, B. (2003). Examining Normative Pressure in the Theory of Planned Behaviour: Impact of Gender and Passengers on Intentions to Break the Speed Limit. Current Psychology, 22, 252-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-003-1020-8
- Dağlı, A., & Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması; Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1250-1262. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.263229
Damjanović, M., Mićić, S., Matović, B., Jovanović, D., & Bulajić, A. (2022). Differences in driving anger among professional drivers: a cross-cultural study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 4168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074168
- Deniz, P., Lajunen, T., Özkan, T., & Gaygısız, E. (2021). Masculinity, femininity, and angry drivers: Masculinity and femininity as moderators between driver anger and anger expression style among young drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 161, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106347
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., ve Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- Diener, E. (1995). A value-based index for measuring the national quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 36(2), 107-127.
- Dodge, K., & Coie, J. (1987). Social-information-processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1146-1158. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1146
- Ellison-Potter, P., Bell, P., & Deffenbacher, J. (2001). The Effects of Trait Driving Anger, Anonymity, and Aggressive Stimuli on Aggressive Driving Behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb00204.x
- Fletcher, R., & Milton, M. (2007). Being Aggressive: An existential-phenomenological critique of the psychological literature on Human Aggression. Existential Analysis, 18(2), 297-315.
- Gündoğar, D., Gül, S. S., Uskun, E., & Keçeci, D. (2007). Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yaşam Doyumunu Yordayan Etkenlerin İncelenmesi. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 10(1), 14-27.
- Harris, P. B., & Houston, J. M. (2008). Recklessness in Context: Individual and Situational Correlates to Aggressive Driving. Environment and Behavior, 44-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916508325234
- Hauber, A. R. (1980). The social psychology of driving behavior and the traffic environment: research on aggressive behaviour in traffic. International Review of Applied Psychology, 461-474.
- Hennessy, D. A., & Wiesenthal, D. L. (1999). Traffic Congestion, Driver Stress, and Driver Aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 409-423. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1999)25:6<409::AID-AB2>3.0.CO;2-0
- Izadi, A., Abgon, H., & Tagavi, M. (2021). Study of the Relationship Between the Characteristics of Taxi Drivers and Driving Experience. International Journal of Transportation Engineering, 9(2), 561-572. https://doi.org/10.22119/IJTE.2021.256999.1546
- Kaba, İ., Erol, M., & Güç, K. (2018). Yetişkin Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.550232
- Kaiser, S., Furian, G., & Schlembach, C. (2016). Aggressive behavior in road traffic – findings from Austria. Transportation Research Procedia, 4384-4392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.360
- Karimi, S., Aghabayk, K., & Moridpour, S. (2022). Impact of driving style, behavior and anger on crash involvement among Iranian intercity bus drivers. IATSS Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.07.003
Kenrick, D., & Macfarlane, S. W. (1986). Ambient temperature and horn honking: A Field Study of the Heat/Aggression Relationship. Environment and Behavior, 18 (2), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916586182002
- Kılıç, C. (2020). Saldırganlık Üzerine Yapılan Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik ve Psikoloji Doktora Tezlerinin İncelenmesi. Öğretmen Eğitiminde Yenilikçi Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.29329/jirte.2020.321.1
- Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Honkanen, R., Viinamäki, H., Heikkilä, K., Kaprio, J., & Koskenvuo, M. (2001). Life satisfaction and suicide: a 20-year follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(3), 433-439. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.433
- Kontogiannis, T. (2006). Patterns of driver stress and coping strategies in a Greek sample and their relationship to aberrant behaviors and traffic accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(5), 913-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2006.03.002
- Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi.
- Loewe, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Araya-Castillo, L., Thieme, C., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2014). Life domain satisfactions as predictors of overall life satisfaction among workers: Evidence from Chile. Social indicators research, 118(1), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0408-6
- Love, S., Kannis-Dymand, L., Davey, J., & Freeman, J. (2022). Metacognition, rumination and road rage: an examination of driver anger progression and expression in Australia. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 84, 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.11.015
- Madran, H. A. D. (2012). Buss-Perry saldırganlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-021-01704-3
- Medgyesi, M., & Zólyomi, E. (2016). Job satisfaction and satisfaction in financial situation and their impact on life satisfaction. European Commission, Directorate general for employment, social affairs and inclusion. 6/2016 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319980515
- Mehri, M., Khazaee-Pool, M., & Arghami, S. (2019). Phenomenology of being a safe taxi driver. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8106-1
- Moffitt, T. (1993). Adolescence-Limited and Life-Course-Persistent Antisocial Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674-701.
- Naderi, H., Nassiri, H., & Sahebi, S. (2018). Assessing the relationship between heavy vehicle driver sleep problems and confirmed driver behavior measurement tools in Iran. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 59, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.08.007
- Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The Measurement of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16(2), 134-143.
- Öz, B., Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2010). Professional and non-professional drivers’ stress reactions and risky driving. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 13(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2009.10.001
- Özdevecioğlu, M., & Aktaş, A. (2007). Kariyer Bağlılığı, Mesleki Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Bağlılığın Yaşam Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisi: İş-Aile Çatışmasının Rolü. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi (28), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.18070/EUIIBFD.33899
- Özgür, G., Gümüş, A. B., & Durdu, B. (2010). Evde ve Yurtta Kalan Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yaşam Doyumu. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 1(1), 25-32.
- Qu, W., Dai, M., Zhao, W., Zhang, K., & Ge, Y. (2016). Expressing anger is more dangerous than feeling angry when driving. PLoS one, 11(6), e0156948. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156948
- Ross, R. R., & Antonowicz, D. H. (2004). Antisocial Drivers Prosocial Driver Training for Prevention and Rehabilitation. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher LTD.
- Sadia, R., Kamal, A., & Jami, H. (2018). Role of Aggressive and Adaptive Anger Expression in Prediction of Accidents among Pakistani Drivers. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 12(1), 127-137.
- Săucan, D.-Ş., Micle, M.-I., Popa, C., & Oancea, G. (2012). Violence and aggressiveness in traffic. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 343-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.140
- Shams, Z., Naderi, H., & Nassiri, H. (2021). Assessing the effect of inattention-related error and anger in driving on road accidents among Iranian heavy vehicle drivers. IATSS Research, 45(2), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2020.09.005
- Sinclair, M., & Imaniranzi, E. (2015). Aggressive driving behaviour: the case of minibus taxi drivers in Cape Town, South Africa. Southern African Transport Conference.
- Sullman, M. J., Stephens, A. N., & Kuzu, D. (2013). The expression of anger amongst Turkish taxi drivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 56, 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.03.013
- Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
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