Finansal Kaygı Duygusal Bağlılığı Nasıl Şekillendirir: Öz-Yeterliliğin Aracılık Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışma, finansal kaygının kamu sektörü çalışanlarında duygusal bağlılık (affective commitment) ile nasıl ilişkili olduğunu ve öz-yeterliliğin bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiye nasıl aracılık ettiğini incelemektedir. Araştırma, örgütsel davranış ve sosyal bilişsel kuram temelinde ele alınmakta olup, bu kuramlara göre finansal kaygının, düşük öz-yeterlilik nedeniyle çalışanların örgütlerine yönelik hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı duygusal bağlılıklarını zayıflattığı ileri sürülmektedir. Veriler, bir devlet üniversitesinde görev yapan 290 idari personelden, geçerliliği kanıtlanmış öz-bildirim ölçekleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Önerilen model; betimsel istatistikler, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve bootstrap (5.000 yeniden örnekleme) yöntemi ile desteklenen regresyona dayalı aracılık analizi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, hem öz-yeterliliğin hem de duygusal bağlılığın finansal kaygı ile negatif yönde ilişkili olduğunu; öz-yeterliliğin ise duygusal bağlılık ile pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Aracılık analizi sonuçları, öz-yeterliliğin finansal kaygı ile duygusal bağlılık arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracı rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur. Buna göre finansal kaygı, çalışanların örgütlerine yönelik duygusal bağlılıklarını hem doğrudan hem de başa çıkma becerilerine olan güvenlerini zayıflatarak dolaylı yoldan azaltmaktadır. Bu bulgular, finansal psikoloji ile örgütsel davranış perspektiflerini bütünleştirerek literatüre katkı sağlamakta ve ekonomik stres dönemlerinde bireysel psikolojik kaynakların örgütsel tutumlar üzerindeki önemini vurgulamaktadır. Araştırma ayrıca kamu sektörü örgütleri açısından pratik çıkarımlar sunmakta olup, çalışanların öz-yeterliliklerini ve finansal başa çıkma becerilerini geliştirmeye yönelik müdahalelerin, ekonomik belirsizlik dönemlerinde duygusal bağlılığın sürdürülmesine katkı sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal kaygı
• öz-yeterlilik
• duygusal bağlılık

How Financial Anxiety Shapes Affective Commitment: A Mediation Model of Self-Efficacy

Öz

This paper will look at how financial anxiety relates to affective commitment in the employees of the public sector and how self-efficacy mediates the relationship between the two. The study is based on organizational behavior and social cognitive theory, according to which it is suggested that financial anxiety deprives employees of both direct and indirect emotional commitment to their organizations due to low self-efficacy. Validated self-report scales were used to collect data on 290 administrative workers working at a public university. The proposed model was tested using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and regression-based mediation analysis with bootstrapping (5,000 resamples). The results show that both self-efficacy and affective commitment are negatively correlated with financial anxiety, and that the self-efficacy is positively correlated with the affective commitment. The mediation analysis showed that self-efficacy partially mediates the correlation between financial anxiety and affective commitment. That is, financial anxiety deteriorates the emotional attachment of employees to their organization both directly and indirectly through undermining their confidence in their coping skills. The findings make contributions to the literature by incorporating the financial psychology and the organizational behavioral views and by emphasizing the contribution of personal psychology resources to organizational attitudes during economic stress. The research also has practical implications on the public sector organizations whereby the research indicates that interventions that target improvement in the self-efficacy and financial coping ability of the employees can be used to maintain affective commitment during economic uncertainty.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial anxiety
• self efficacy
• affective commitment

Kaynakça

1. Adam, I., Dayour, F., & Kimbu, A. N. (2023). Crisis-induced financial anxiety, social support, socio-psychological wellbeing, and commitment to work in the tourism sector. Development Southern Africa, 40(5), 1014-1037, https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2165042
2. Alshaibani, N. M., Aboshaiqah, A. E., & Alanazi, N. H. (2024). Association of job satisfaction, intention to stay, organizational commitment, and general self-efficacy among clinical nurses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Behavioral Sciences, 14(12), 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14121140
3. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
4. Archuleta, K. L., Dale, A., & Spann, S. M. (2013). College students and financial distress: Exploring debt, financial satisfaction, and financial anxiety. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 24(2), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.55504/0884-9153.1050
5. Ayvaz, A., & Şahin, E. S. (2024). Maddi Kaygi Ölçeğinin (Mkö) Türkçeye Uyarlanmasi: Geçerlik Ve Güvenirlik Çalişmasi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 33(2), 738-749. https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1424009
6. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
7. Choi, E., Kim, J., & Cho, D. (2023). Relationship between core self-evaluation and innovative work behavior: Mediating effect of affective organizational commitment and moderating effect of organizational learning capacity. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1192859. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1192859
8. Çetin, F., & Basım, H. N. (2012). Organizational psychological capital: A scale adaptation study. Amme Idaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.

9. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
10. Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18(3), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x
11. Hameli, K., & Ordun, G. (2022). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. European Journal of Management Studies, 27(1), 75-97. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-05-2021-0033
12. Karatepe, O. M., Çolakoğlu, Ü., Yurcu, G., & Kaya, Ş. (2024). Do financial anxiety and generalized anxiety mediate the effect of perceived organizational support on service employees’ career commitment?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(4), 1087-1113.
13. Lee, J. M., Rabbani, A., & Heo, W. (2023). Examining financial anxiety focusing on interactions between financial knowledge and financial self-efficacy. Journal of financial therapy, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4148/1944-9771.1279
14. Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 60(3), 541-572.
15. Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Sage.
16. Özdemir, M., Küçükçene, M., Abaslı, K., Pektaş, V., & Ayhan, E. (2024). The effect of empowering leadership and teacher autonomy on affective commitment: The mediating role of teacher self-efficacy. Education and Science, 49(219), 201–224. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2024.12663
17. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
18. Rathi, N., & Rastogi, R. (2009). Assessing the relationship between emotional intelligence, occupational self-efficacy and organizational commitment. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied psychology, 35(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejms-05-2021-0033
19. Rosso, V. F., Muñoz-Pascual, L., & Galende, J. (2024). Do managers need to worry about employees’ financial stress? A review of two decades of research. Human Resource Management Review, 34(3), 101030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2024.101030
20. Schmitt, A., Heihal, T. I., & Zacher, H. (2024). Financial worries, health complaints, and career exploration: The role of action crises. Occupational Health Science, 8, 613–635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41542-024-00182-2
21. Schoemann, A. M., Boulton, A. J., & Short, S. D. (2017). Determining power and sample size for simple and complex mediation models. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617715068
22. Shapiro, G. K., & Burchell, B. J. (2012). Measuring financial anxiety. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 5(2), 92. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027647
23. Tsai, M. T., Tsai, C. L., & Wang, Y. C. (2011). A study on the relationship between leadership style, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and organizational commitment: A case study of the Banking Industry in Taiwan. African Journal of Business Management, 5(13), 5319. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.2230
24. Wasti, S. A. (2003). Organizational commitment, turnover intentions and the influence of cultural values. Journal of Occupational and organizational Psychology, 76(3), 303-321.
25. Yetgin, D., & Benligiray, S. (2019). The effect of economic anxiety and occupational burnout levels of tour guides on their occupational commitment. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(4), 333-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1564681