YAŞAM BOYU ÖĞRENME VE AVRUPA EĞİTİM POLİTİKALARI

Öz

-

Anahtar Kelimeler

• -

YAŞAM BOYU ÖĞRENME VE AVRUPA EĞİTİM POLİTİKALARI

Öz

Yaşam boyu öğrenme sadece Avrupa Birliği’nin değil dünyanın da ilgi gösterdiği oldukça geniş kapsamlı bir eğitim yaklaşımıdır. 1970’li yıllardan itibaren eğitimcilerin gündeminde yer almaktadır.Çok çeşitli bağlamlarda kullanılmasına ve güncelliği olmasına rağmen anlamı ve içeriği açık olmayan yaşam boyu öğrenme kavramı, henüz yaygın biçimde uygulanmamakta ve sonuçları görülememektedir.Bir çok açıdan eleştirilse de, güncelliğinden pek bir şey kaybetmeyen kavram çoğunlukla formal eğitim süreçleri dışında sürdürülen eğitim etkinlikleriyle ilişkilendirilse de anlamı ve içeriği konusunda henüz tam bir fikir birliği olduğu söylenemez. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa Birliği ve üye ülkelerde yaşam boyu öğrenme kavramının eğitim politikalarına yansımasını ele almaktır. Bu doğrultuda, alan yazında çokta net olmayan bir kavram olarak değerlendirilen yaşam boyu öğrenme olgusu tarihsel gelişimi içinde ele alınmış, diğer benzer kavramlara ilişkisi tartışılmış, Avrupa’nın birliğe dönüşme süreci içinde, bu kavramı eğitim politikalarına işleyişine bakılmış ve Birlik üye ülkelerinden mevcut uygulama örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Bu kavrama dönük uygulamaların cesaretlendirilmesi, artırılması, çeşitlendirilmesi ve sonuçlarının net biçimde değerlendirilmesi, azalan nüfusuyla Avrupa Birliği için kaçınılmazdır. Birlik üyesi ülkelerdeki nüfus artış hızındaki azalma ve yetişkinlerin, formal eğitim süreçleri sonrasında, sürekli güncellenen bilgi, teknoloji ve bilgi teknolojilerini takip edebilmeleri bakımından, yaşam boyu öğrenme, eğitim politikalarına doğrudan yansıtılması, açık olarak tanımlanması, desteklenmesi ve uygulama örneklerinin artırılması gereken bir olgudur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşam boyu öğrenme, Avrupa eğitim politikaları, uygulamalar

Kaynakça

1. Aitchison, J. (2004). Lifelong learning in South Africa: dreams and delusions. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 23 (3), 517-544.
2. Akbaş, O. & Özdemir, S., M. (2002). Avrupa Birliğinde yaşam boyu öğrenme. Milli Eğitim Dergisi. Sayı: 155-156.
3. Aspin, D., N. & Chapman, J., D. (2000). Lifelong learning: concepts and conceptions. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19 (1), 2-19.
4. Atkin, C. (2000). Lifelong learning – attitudes topractice in the rural context: a study using Bourdieu’s perspective of habitus. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19 (3), 253-265.
5. Atkainen, A. (2001). Is life learning becoming a reality? The case of Finland from a comparative perspective. European Journal of Education, 36 (3), 379-394.
6. Bagnall, R., G. (2000). Lifelong learning and the limitations of economic determinism. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19 (1), 20-35.
7. Bagnall, R., G. (2006). Lifelong learning and the limits of tolerance. International Journal of
8. Baptiste, I. (1999). Beyond lifelong learning: a call to civically responsible change. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 18 (2), 94-102.

9. Borg, C. & Mayo, P. (2005). The EU Memorandum on lifelong learning. Old wine in new bottles? Globalisation, Societies and Education, 3 (2), 203-225.
10. Brine, J. (2006). Lifelong learning and the knowledge economy: those that know and those that do not – the discourse of the European Union. British Educational Research, 32 (5), 649-665.
11. Commision of the European Communities (CEC) (2001a). Communication from the Commision: making a European area of lifelong learning a reality (COM (2001) 678, final of 21.11.01), Brussels: EC
12. Commision of the European Communities (CEC) (2001b). Commission staff working document: lifelong learning practice and indicators (COM (2001) 1939, SEC, 28.11.01) Brussels: EC
13. Charlier, J. E. & Croché, S. (2005). How European integration is eroding national control over education planning and policy. European Education, 37 (4), 7-21.
14. Colardyn, D. (2004). Lifelong learning policies in France. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 23 (6), 545-558.
15. Crowther, J. (2004). ‘In and against’ lifelong learning: flexibility and the corrosion of character. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 23 (2), 125-136.
16. ÇÜ (2006). Çukurova Üniversitesi yaşam boyu öğrenme programı.
17. http://www.cu.edu.tr/ybop/ 10.11.2006’da alındı.
18. Davies, T. (2006). Creative teaching and learning in Europe: promoting a new paradigm. The Curriculum Journal, 17 (1), 37-57.
19. De Freites, S. & diğ., N. (2006). The development of a system for supporting the lifelong learners. British Journal of Educational Technology, 37 (6), 867-880.
20. Dehmell, A. (2006). Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality? Some critical reflections on the European Union’s lifelong learning policies. Comparative Education, 42 (1), 49-62.
21. Diamantopoulou, A. (2006). The European dimension in Greek education in the context of European Union. Comparative Education, 42 (1), 131-151.
22. Dinevski, D. & Dinevski, I., V. (2004). The concepts of university lifelong learning provision in Europe. Transition Studies Review, 11 (3), 227-235.
23. Edwards, R. & Boreham, N. (2003). ‘The centre cannot hold’: complexity, and difference in
24. European Union policy towards learning society. Journal of Education Policy, 18 (4), 407- 421.
25. Ertl, H. (2006). European Union policies in education and training: the Lisbon Agenda as a turning point. Comparative Education, 42 (1), 5-27.
26. EURYDICE (2000). Lifelong learning: the contribution of education systems in the Member States of the European Union.
27. http://www.eurydice.org/ressources/eurydice/pdf/0_integral/017EN.pdf 10.11.2006’da alındı.
28. Green, A. (2002). The many faces of lifelong learning: recent education policy trends in Europe. Journal of Education Policy, 17 (6), 611-626.
29. Griffin, C. (1999). Lifelong learning and the social democracy. International Journal of , 18 (5), 329-342.
30. Hamilton, E. (2000). Mitologya (Ülkü Tamer, Çev.) (10.Baskı). İstanbul: Varlık.
31. Holford, J. (2006). The role lifelong learning in building citizenship: European Union approaches in the light of British and colonial experience. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 25 (3), 321-332.
32. Hudson, R. (2000). One European or many? Reflections on becoming European. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 25 (4), 409-426.
33. Jackson, S. (2006). Learning to live: the relationship between lifelong learning and lifelong illness. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 25 (1), 51-73.
34. Jarvis, P. (2005). Lifelong education and its relevance to nursing. Nurse Education Today, 25 (8), 655-660.
35. Jarvis, P. (2006). Beyond the learning society: globalization and the moral imperative for reflective social change. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 25 (3), 201- 211.
36. Jarvis, P. & Holford, J. (2005). Editorial. Lifelong learning: a concept revisited. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 24 (4), 283-285.
37. Jones, H., C. (2005). Lifellong learning in the European Union: whiter the Lisbon Strategy? European Journal of Education, 40 (3), 247-260.
38. Kennedy, P. (2004). The politics of ‘lifelong learning’ in post-1997 Hong Kong. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 23 (6), 589-624.
39. Kilpatrick, S., Field, J. & Folk, I. (2003). Social capital: an analytical tool for exploring lifelong learning and community development. British Educational Research Journal, 29 (3), 417-433.
40. Kogan, M. (2000). Lifelong learning in the UK. European Journal of Education, 35 (3), 343- 359.
41. Kumar, P. (2004). Lifelong learning in Singapore: where are we now? International Journal of Lifelong Education, 23 (6), 559-568.
42. Liu, S., S. & Wan, C., C. (2004). Integrating lifelong learning in university management. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 18 (6), 453-464.
43. Lawn, M. (2003). The ‘usefulness’ of learning: the struggle over governance, meaning and the European education space. Discourse: studies in the cultural politics of education, 24 (3), 325-336.
44. Ogawa, S. (2005).Lifelong learning and demographics: a Japanese perpective. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 24 (4), 351-368.
45. Olssen, M. (2006). Understanding the mechanisms of neoliberal control: lifelong learning, flexibility and knowledge capitalism. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 25 (3), 313-230.
46. Ottersten, E., K. (2004). Lifelong learning and challenges posed to European labour market. European Journal of Education, 39 (2), 151-159.
47. Parkinson, D. (2004). The double-dialectic and lifelong learning. International Journal of
48. Preece, J. (2006). Beyond the learning society: the learning world? International Journal of , 25 (3), 307-320.
49. Rausch, A., S. (2003). A case study of lifelong learning in Japan: objectives, curriculum, accountability, and visibility. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 22 (5), 518-532.
50. Rogers, A. (2006a). Escaping the slums or changing the slums? Lifelong learning and social transformations. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 25 (2), 125-137.
51. Rogers, A (2006b). Lifelong learning and the absence of gender. International Journal of Educational Development, 26 (2), 189-208.
52. Payne, J (2006). The Norwegian competence reform and the limits of lifelong learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 25 (5), 477-505.
53. Stehlik, T. (2003). Parenting as a vocation: lifelong learning can begin in the home. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 22 (4), 367-379.
54. Titmus, C. (1999). Concepts and practices of education and adult education: obstacles to lifelong education and lifelong learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 18 (5), 343-354.
55. Tuschling, A. & Engemann, C. (2006). From education to lifelong learning: the emerging regime of learning in the European Union. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 38 (4), 451-469.
56. Van Der Veen, RA. (2006). Communication and creativity: methodological shifts in adult education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 25 (3), 231-240.
57. Wain, K. (1989). The case of lifelong education-a reply to Rozycki. Educational Theory, 39 (2), 151-162.
58. Wain, K. (2000). The learning society: postmodern politics. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19 (1), 36-53.
59. Walters, S. & Watters, K. (2001). Lifelong learning, higher education and active citizenship: from rhetoric to action. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 20 (6), 471- 478.
60. Withnall, A. (2006). Exploring influences on later life learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 25 (1), 29-49.