Fundamentals of Islamic Economy and Finance: Theory and Practice

Öz

ABSTRACT This paper examines the basic principles of Islamic economy and finance. Multi-faceted ownership, economic freedom within a certain limit, and social justice are fundamentals of Islamic economics. These principles can only be implemented through the institutional reforms such as zakat and prohibition of interest. Interest-free banking based on the principle of profit and loss sharing of participatory financing is at the center of Islamic finance. Although it is proposed as a superior alternative to conventional banking system, Islamic banking could not live up to expectations in practice. It is because rather than being essentially an economic one, the argument in favor of Islamic economy and finance was to protect Muslim identity in various parts of the world. Turkey's experience with Islamic finance began in the mid 1980s as a part of financial liberalization policy. Yet the Islamic banking and finance could not achieve the desired level of development till now. Key words: Islamic economy, Islamic finance, Islamic banking, participatory financing, profit and loss sharing, Islamic financial instruments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansının Temelleri: Teori ve Uygulama

Öz

ÖZ Bu makale, İslam ekonomisi ve finansının temel ilkelerini incelemektedir. Karma mülkiyet, belli bir sınır içinde ekonomik özgürlük ve sosyal adalet, İslam ekonomisinin temelleridir. Bu ilkeler ancak zekat ve faizin yasaklanması gibi kurumsal reformlar yoluyla yürürlüğe konulabilirler. Katılımcı finansmanın kâr ve zararın paylaşımı prensibine dayalı faizsiz bankacılık sistemi, İslami finansın merkezinde yer almaktadır. İslami bankacılık, geleneksel bankacılık sistemine üstün bir alternatif olarak önerilmesine rağmen, uygulamada beklentileri karşılayamamıştır. Bunun nedeni, İslam ekonomisi ve finansı lehindeki tartışmanın esas itibariyle iktisadi olmaktan çok dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerindeki Müslüman kimliğini korumaya yönelik olmasıdır. Türkiye'nin İslami finans deneyimi, 1980'lerin ortasında finansal liberalleşme politikasının bir parçası olarak başlamıştır. Ne var ki, İslami finans ve bankacılık bugüne kadar istenen gelişme düzeyine ulaşamamıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: İslam ekonomisi, İslami finans, İslami bankacılık, katılımcı finansman, kâr ve zarar paylaşımı, İslami finansal araçlar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslam ekonomisi, İslami finans, İslami bankacılık, katılımcı finansman, kâr ve zarar paylaşımı, İslami finansal araçlar

Kaynakça

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