KENT GÜVENLİĞİNİ TEHDİT EDEN BİR UNSUR OLARAK DİLENCİLİK

Öz

Öz Bu çalışmanın amacı dilencilikle ilgili kavramsallaştırmaların ve algıların kültürden kültüre ve zamandan zamana değişebileceğini ortaya koyarak dilenciliğin aslında yoksulluk temelinin yanında çok daha önemli bir şekilde kent güvenliğini tehdit eden boyutunu ortaya koymaktır. İnsan ticareti, zorla dilendirme, çocukların istismarı, çocuk dilenciler, dilenci mafyaları çalışmanın ana özneleri olarak seçilmiştir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle dilencilik kavramı yoksulluk algısı dikkate alınarak kavramsallaştırılmış ve dilencilik tipleri ele alınmıştır. İlaveten dilenciliğin suç boyutu da değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dilencilik, Kent Güvenliği, Çocuk Dilenciler, İnsan Ticareti.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dilencilik, Kent Güvenliği, Çocuk Dilenciler, İnsan Ticareti.

BEGGARY AS A THREATING FACTOR FOR CITY SECURITY

Öz

Abstract The aim of this article is to expose the conceptualization and perception of begging may change from culture to culture and from time to time. By this way it is also aimed to show beggary has another dimension that threatens the city security beside poverty. Human trafficking, force human to beg, abuse of children, child beggars, beggary mafias are the main subjects of this article. First of all beggary is defined with the concept of poverty. Then beggary types are evaluated. And also criminal dimension of beggary is assessed. Key Words: Beggary, City Security, Child Beggars, Human Trafficking.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beggary, City Security, Child Beggars, Human Trafficking.

Kaynakça

1. AÇIKALIN, Neriman, “Çalışan Kent Yoksulları- İstanbul ve Gaziantep Örnekleri”, Yoksulluk I. Cilt, İstanbul:Deniz Feneri Yay., 1.Baskı, İstanbul, 2003.
2. ANASTASIJEVIC, “Dejan, Organized Crime in the Western Balkans”, HUMSEC Journal, http://www.humsec.eu/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/humsec/Workin_Paper_Series/Wor king_Paper_Anastasijevic.pdf , erişim: 25.06.2012.
3. AYTAÇ, Ömer, İlhan Oğuz AKDEMİR, “Türkiye’de Yeni Kentli Yoksulluk Sorunu”, Yoksulluk II. Cilt, İstanbul:Deniz Feneri Yay., 1.Baskı, İstanbul, 2003.
4. CONSORTIUM FOR STREET CHILDREN, Street Children Statistics, http://www.streetchildren.org.uk/uploads/resources/Street_Children_Stats_FINAL.pdf , erişim: 14.04.2012.
5. FITZPATRICK, Susanne; Catherine KENNEDY, “The Links between Begging and Rough Sleeping: A Question of Legitimacy?”, Housing Studies, Volume 16, Issue 5, 2001.
6. FRIENDS-INTERNATIONAL, The Nature and Scope of the Foreign Child Beggar Issue (especially as related to Cambodian Child Beggars) in Bangkok, http://www.friendsinternational.org/resources/thailand/UNAIP-Report.pdf, erişim: 12.03.2012.
7. GOEL, Ashish, “Indian Anti-Beggary Laws and Their Constitutionality Through the Prism of Fundamental Rights with Special Reference to Ram Lakhan V. State”, Asia Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010.
8. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, “Off the Backs of the Children”, http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/senegal0410webwcover.pdf,erişim: 002012.

9. INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR MIGRATION POLICY DEVELOPMENT, “Study on Typology and Policy Responses to Child Begging in the EU”, http://www.childcentre.info/public/Healy_Child_begging.pdf , erişim: 11.03.2012.
10. JORDAN, Bill, A theory of poverty and social exclusion, Cambridge polity pres, UK, 1996. LU, Hancho, “Becoming Urban: Mendicancy and Vagrants in Modern Shangai”, Journal of Social History, Fall 1999, Vol.33, Issue 1, UK, 1999.
11. MASSEY, Deeptima, Abdur RAFIQUE, Janet SEELEY, “Begging in Rural India and Bangladesh”, EPW Economic & Political Weekly, April 3, vol xlv, no 14, India, 20 MUKHERJEE, Dyutimoy, “Laws For Beggars, Justice for Whom: A Critical Review of the Bombay Prevention of Begging Act 1959”, The International Journal of Human Rights, 12: 2, 2008.
12. MUNZER, Stephen R., “Beggars of God: The Christian Ideal of Mendicancy”, Journal of Religious Ethics, 27, USA, 1999.
13. MUNZER, Stephen R., “Heroism, Spiritual Development, and Triadic Bonds in Jain and Christian Mendicancy and Almsgiving”, 48 NUMEN: International Journal of the History of Religions, USA, 2001.
14. OMOTOSHO, A. O., “Begging, Idleness and the Economic Doctrine of Islam”, Hamdard Islamicus,Quarterly October- December, Vol xxiv, No 4, Pakistan, 2001.
15. PALABIYIK, Hamit, “Avrupa Kentsel Şartı”, Yerel Ve Bölgesel Yönetimler Kongresi Anlaşmalarında Avrupa Konseyi, Ed. Zerrin Toprak, Hikmet Yavaş, Mustafa Görün, Birleşik Yayınları, İzmir, 2004.
16. POVEY, Elaheh Rostami , “Women in Afghanistan: Passive victims of the borga or active social participants?”, Development in Practice, Volume 13, Issue 2-3, 2003.
17. POWELL, James M., “Mendicants, the Communes,and the Law”, Church History, 77, 2008. RANA, Fahad Hameed, “Begging a Sickening Nuisance”, http://www.google.com/url?sa= t&rct=j&q=begging%20a%20sickening%20nuisance%20rana&source=web&cd=1&v ed=0CBsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qlc.edu.pk%2Fpublications%2Fpdf%2 F3%2520In%2520the.doc&ei=FsygTunKLYTJsQLv3bWDBQ&usg=AFQjCNGm0sL TUPjswvrSyt4sHEUc4ou6Ug&cad=rja ,erişim: 02.05.2012.
18. REN, Yunlan, “Modern urban poor and their relief: Case study in Tianjin”, Frontiers of History in China, 2(2), China, 2007.
19. UNICEF Gulf Area Office, “Trafficking in children and childinvolvement in beggary in Saudi Arabia”,http://www.unicef.org/gao/resources_publications_childtrafficking_dr__ushar i.pdf, erişim: 23.03.2012.
20. VATANDAŞ, Celalettin “Toplumsal Bir Değer Olarak “Yardımlaşma” ve Dilenciler”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:5, Sayı:1, Afyon, 2004.
21. VATANDAŞ, Celalettin, “Dilenciler ve Dilencilik (Sosyolojik Bir Araştırma)”, AKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:4, Sayı: 1, Afyon, 2002.
22. WALSH, Tamara, “Defending Begging Offenders”, QUT Law & Justice Journal, Vol 4 No 1, Australia, 2004.
23. WASSAN, Aijaz ; Ali Sajjad KHURO, “Beggary in District Sanghar: A Sociological Analysis of Shahdadpur, Tandoadam and Sinjhoro Subdivisions”, New Horizons, vol:5 no:2, 2011.
24. WORLD VISION, Fact sheet: Begging, http://www.worldvision.com.au/Libraries/DTL_fact_sheets/Factsheet_Begging. pdf , erişim: 12.04.2012. http://www.crisis.org.uk/data/files/publications/AntiSoc_response[1].pdf , erişim: 01/07/2012