THE REGIMENTATION OF COMMERCE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ISTANBUL PURSUANT TO ISTANBUL AHKÂM REGISTERS (1764-1780)

Yıl 2015, , 62 - 87, 17.01.2015

Mehmet Burak Buluttekin

https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.72972

Öz

This study, which aims to evaluate the commerce of Istanbul in the eighteenth-century, is based on the regimentation of Istanbul Ahkâm Registers in the period of 1764-1780. In order to classify the provisions of Ahkâm Registers; (a)registry(book) numbers, (b)application areas, (c)conflict issues, (d)the social position of the litigants, (e)the religion of the litigants, and (f)application years were chosen as the basic analysis variables. 185 provisions of the commerce were determined in Istanbul Ahkâm Registers in the period of January 1764-May 1779. The most problems of the commerce of Istanbul were “commerce, price, assignation, transport and storage of merchandise”(51.4%). Moreover, the most commercial problems occurred in Üsküdar(31.9%) region. Also, the most commercial problem in Surici, Uskudar and Haslar was “provide and transport of product, firewood and coal”(respectively 18, 23 and 25 cases); in Galata was “rescue, protection and returning to the owner of the merchandise of the wrecked ship”(11 cases). The commercial problems of Istanbul in the eighteenth-century occurred between the reaya(86.5%). Both the applicants and the complainees were intensity composed by the Muslims reaya which were dwelling in centrum. It was determined that 39.5% of this commercial problems occured in the period of 1764-1767.

Anahtar Kelimeler

18th Century, The Ottoman Commercial System, The Commerce of Istanbul, Istanbul Ahkâm Registers

CENTURY ISTANBULPURSUANT TO ISTANBUL AHKÂM

Öz

18.yüzyılda İstanbul’daki ticareti değerlendirme amacındaki bu çalışma, 1764-1780 yılları arasındaki döneme ait İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri’nin tasnifine yöneliktir. Ahkâm defterlerinde yer alan kayıtlardaki hükümleri tasnif edebilmek için; (a) defter numaraları, (b) başvuru yerleri, (c) ihtilaf konuları, (d) ihtilafın taraflarının sosyal konumları, (e) ihtilafın taraflarının dinleri ve (f) başvuru yılları, temel analiz değişkenleri olarak seçilmiştir. Her bir hüküm, bu sistematiğe göre -öncelikle kendi içlerinde ve daha sonra da genel analize tabi tutularakincelenmiştir. İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri Kayıtları’nda, Ocak 1764-Mayıs 1779 tarihleri arasındaki dönemde, ticaret ile ilgili olarak 185 tane hüküm tespit edilmiştir. 7-9 arasında yer alanilgili Ahkâm defterindeki bu hükümlerden, en fazla kaydın 8 numaralı defterde (%38,4) yer aldığı görülmüştür. İstanbul’da yaşanan ticari sorunların, yoğunluklu olarak “ticari emtianın alımı, satımı, fiyatı, tahsisi, nakli ve depolanması”(%51,4) ve “deniz ticareti, gemicilik, deniz kazaları ve kazaya uğrayan ticari emtia” (%36,2) konularıyla ilgili oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte en fazla ticari sorun, Üsküdar (%31,9) bölgesinde yaşanmıştır. Yine, Suriçi, Üsküdarve Haslar kazalarında sıklıkla “zahire, odun, kömür vs. temini ve nakli” (sırasıyla 18, 23 ve 25 karar);Galatakazasında yoğunlukla “kazaya uğrayan ticaret gemisindeki emtianın kurtarılması, korunması ve sahibine iadesi” (11 karar) konularına ilişkin sorunlar yaşanmıştır.18.yüzyılda İstanbul’daki ticari sorunların, çoğunlukla yönetilenler(reaya) arasında yaşandığı (%86,5) belirlenmiştir. Hem müracaat eden ve hem de şikayet edilen taraflar, çoğunlukla şehir merkezinde yaşayan Müslüman yönetilen reayadan müteşekkildir. İncelenen dönemdeki sorunların %39,5’inin, 1764-1767 yılları arasındaki dönemde yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

18.yüzyıl, Osmanlı Ticaret Sistemi, İstanbul’daki Ticaret, İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri

Kaynakça

• Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arsivi(BOA), Bab-ı Asafi Divan-ı Hümayun Sicilleri Istanbul Ahkâm Defteri(A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.) 7, case number(c.) 7, page(p.) 3, January 1764(BOA 7/7).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.19, p.7, February 1764(BOA 7/19).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.37, p.11, February 1764(BOA 7/37).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.38, p.12, February 1764(BOA 7/38).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.166, p.52, May 1764(BOA 7/166).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.197, p.62, May 1763(BOA 7/197).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.202, p.63, June 1764(BOA 7/202).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.232, p.74, June 1764(BOA 7/232).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.233, p.74, June 1764(BOA 7/233).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.369, p.122, September 1764(BOA 7/369).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.373, p.123, September 1764(BOA 7/373).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.434, p.144, December 1764(BOA 7/434).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.502, p.164, February 1765(BOA 7/502).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.526, p.172, February 1765(BOA 7/526).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.535, p.175, March 1765(BOA 7/535).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.545, p.178, March 1765(BOA 7/545).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.554, p.181, April 1765(BOA 7/554).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.597, p.195, May 1765(BOA 7/597).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.668, p.220, July 1765(BOA 7/668).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.683, p.226, August 1765(BOA 7/683).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.685, p.227, August 1765(BOA 7/685).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.698, p.231, September 1765(BOA 7/698).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.732, p.241, September 1765(BOA 7/732).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.766, p.252, October 1765(BOA 7/766).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.786, p.256, October 1765(BOA 7/786).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.790, p.257, November 1765(BOA 7/790).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.795, p.259, November 1765(BOA 7/795).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.891, p.288, February 1766(BOA 7/891).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.896, p.290, February 1766(BOA 7/896).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.921, p.297, April 1766(BOA 7/921).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.963, p.310, May 1766(BOA 7/963).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.973, p.313, May 1766(BOA 7/973).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.991, p.318, July 1766(BOA 7/991).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.997, p.319, June 1766(BOA 7/997).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1000, p.320, June 1766(BOA 7/1000).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1007, p.322, June 1766(BOA 7/1007).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1014, p.325, June 1766(BOA 7/1014).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1072, p.344, August 1766(BOA 7/1072).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1073, p.344, August 1766(BOA 7/1073).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1096, p.351, September 1766(BOA 7/1096).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1154, p.371, October 1766(BOA 7/1154).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1161, p.373, October 1766(BOA 7/1161).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1170, p.376, November 1766(BOA 7/1170).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1178, p.378, November 1766(BOA 7/1178).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1179, p.378, November 1766(BOA 7/1179).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1184, p.380, November 1766(BOA 7/1184).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1185, p.380, November 1766(BOA 7/1185).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1211, p.387, December 1766(BOA 7/1211).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1230, p.393, January 1767(BOA 7/1230).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1231, p.393, January 1767(BOA 7/1231).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1234, p.394, January 1767(BOA 7/1234).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.7, c.1236, p.395, January 1767(BOA 7/1236).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.8, p.4, January 1767(BOA 8/8).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.9, p.4, January 1767(BOA 8/9).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.34, p.12, March 1767(BOA 8/34).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.47, p.16, April 1767(BOA 8/47).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.48, p.16, April 1767(BOA 8/48).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.85, p.28, June 1767(BOA 8/85).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.106, p.33, July 1767(BOA 8/106).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.114, p.36, July 1767(BOA 8/114).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.149, p.49, August 1767(BOA 8/149).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.156, p.51, August 1767(BOA 8/156).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.161, p.53, September 1767(BOA 8/161).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.189, p.61, October 1767(BOA 8/189).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.199, p.63, November 1767(BOA 8/199).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.203, p.64, November 1767(BOA 8/203).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.206, p.64, November 1767(BOA 8/206).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.207, p.65, November 1767(BOA 8/207).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.208, p.66, November 1767(BOA 8/208).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.209, p.66, November 1767(BOA 8/209).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.212, p.67, November 1767(BOA 8/212).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.220, p.69, December 1767(BOA 8/220).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.222, p.70, December 1767(BOA 8/222).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.242, p.77, January 1768(BOA 8/242).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.276, p.87, February 1768(BOA 8/276).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.286, p.91, March 1768(BOA 8/286).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.298, p.95, March 1768(BOA 8/298).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.300, p.95, April 1768(BOA 8/300).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.306, p.97, April 1768(BOA 8/306).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.310, p.98, April 1768(BOA 8/310).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.324, p.103, May 1768(BOA 8/324).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.350, p.114, June 1769(BOA 8/350).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.352, p.114, June 1769(BOA 8/352).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.359, p.118, June 1768(BOA 8/359).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.368, p.121, July 1768(BOA 8/368).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.377, p.124, July 1768(BOA 8/377).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.383, p.126, August 1768(BOA 8/383).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.407, p.133, August 1768(BOA 8/407).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.427, p.139, November 1768(BOA 8/427).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.466, p.146, September 1768(BOA 8/466).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.494, p.155, August 1768(BOA 8/494).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.542, p.170, January 1769(BOA 8/542).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.553, p.173, February 1769(BOA 8/553).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.559, p.175, March 1769(BOA 8/559).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.566, p.178, March 1769(BOA 8/566).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.580, p.181, April 1769(BOA 8/580).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.600, p.186, May 1770(BOA 8/600).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.608, p.188, September 1774(BOA 8/608).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.671, p.207, November 1774(BOA 8/671).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.764, p.236, February 1775(BOA 8/764).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.784, p.241, March 1775(BOA 8/784).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.811, p.248, April 1775(BOA 8/811).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.839, p.256, May 1775(BOA 8/839).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.862, p.262, May 1775(BOA 8/862).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.929, p.285, June 1775(BOA 8/929).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.942, p.288, June 1775(BOA 8/942).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.948, p.290, July 1775(BOA 8/948).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.972, p.297, July 1775(BOA 8/972).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1088, p.332, November 1775(BOA 8/1088).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1091, p.333, November 1775(BOA 8/1091).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1110, p.338, December 1775(BOA 8/1110).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1114, p.339, December 1775(BOA 8/1114).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1131, p.344, December 1775(BOA 8/1131).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1139, p.347, January 1776(BOA 8/1139).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1146, p.349, January 1776(BOA 8/1146).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1151, p.351, February 1776(BOA 8/1151).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1178, p.359, March 1776(BOA 8/1178).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1179, p.359, March 1776(BOA 8/1179).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1185, p.361, March 1776(BOA 8/1185).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1186, p.361, March 1776(BOA 8/1186).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1203, p.367, March 1776(BOA 8/1203).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1232, p.379, March 1776(BOA 8/1232).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.8, c.1261, p.388, April 1776(BOA 8/1261).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.13, p.3, April 1776(BOA 9/13).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.19, p.4, May 1776(BOA 9/19).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.20, p.4, May 1776(BOA 9/20).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.22, p.5, May 1776(BOA 9/22).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.74, p.17, June 1776(BOA 9/74).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.194, p.52, August 1776(BOA 9/194).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.196, p.52, August 1776(BOA 9/196).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.200, p.53, August 1776(BOA 9/200).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.201, p.54, August 1776(BOA 9/201).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.202, p.54, August 1776(BOA 9/202).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.210, p.57, September 1776(BOA 9/210).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.212, p.57, September 1776(BOA 9/212).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.243, p.67, October 1776(BOA 9/243).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.248, p.68, October 1776(BOA 9/248).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.267, p.73, October 1776(BOA 9/267).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.274, p.75, November 1776(BOA 9/274).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.285, p.77, November 1776(BOA 9/285).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.304, p.83, December 1776(BOA 9/304).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.352, p.97, February 1777(BOA 9/352).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.423, p.118, April 1777(BOA 9/423).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.438, p.122, April 1777(BOA 9/438).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.449, p.125, April 1777(BOA 9/449).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.471, p.130, April 1777(BOA 9/471).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.474, p.131, May 1777(BOA 9/474).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.489, p.135, June 1777(BOA 9/489).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.513, p.140, June 1777(BOA 9/513).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.558, p.151, July 1777(BOA 9/558).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.560, p.151, July 1777(BOA 9/560).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.583, p.158, August 1777(BOA 9/583).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.635, p.170, September 1777(BOA 9/635).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.646, p.174, September 1777(BOA 9/646).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.723, p.196, November 1777(BOA 9/723).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.725, p.197, November 1777(BOA 9/725).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.730, p.198, November 1777(BOA 9/730).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.740, p.200, December 1777(BOA 9/740).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.741, p.200, December 1777(BOA 9/741).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.759, p.204, December 1777(BOA 9/759).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.775, p.208, December 1777(BOA 9/775).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.796, p.213, January 1778(BOA 9/796).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.859, p.224, March 1778(BOA 9/859).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.860, p.225, March 1778(BOA 9/860).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.896, p.233, March 1778(BOA 9/896).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.899, p.234, April 1778(BOA 9/899).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.966, p.255, May 1778(BOA 9/966).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.970, p.257, June 1778(BOA 9/970).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.982, p.261, June 1778(BOA 9/982).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.986, p.262, June 1778(BOA 9/986).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1013, p.270, July 1778(BOA 9/1013).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1046, p.280, June 1778(BOA 9/1046).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1052, p.283, August 1778(BOA 9/1052).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1058, p.285, August 1778(BOA 9/1058).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1082, p.292, November 1778(BOA 9/1082).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1085, p.293, October 1778(BOA 9/1085).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1124, p.304, November 1778(BOA 9/1124).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1146, p.309, December 1778(BOA 9/1146).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1179, p.321, December 1778(BOA 9/1179).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1203, p.330, February 1779(BOA 9/1203).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1254, p.343, April 1779(BOA 9/1254).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1278, p.349, April 1779(BOA 9/1278).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1301, p.354, May 1779(BOA 9/1301).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1312, p.356, May 1779(BOA 9/1312).
• BOA, A.DVNP.AHK.IS.d.9, c.1717, p.357, May 1779(BOA 9/1717).