EFFECT OF HUMAN FACTORS ON OCCURRENCE OF FLOOD AND TORRENT EVENTS IN BATMAN, SOUTHEASTERN TURKEY

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 37, 267 - 292, 01.02.2011

Murat Sunkar Saadettin Tonbul

Öz

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to emphasize the effect of human factors on the occurrence, frequency and incidence rate of floods experienced in Batman, SE Turkey. Batman is a medium-sized industrial city which has developed rapidly due to its petroleum reserves. It became a province in 1990. Rapid population growth due to labor migration and migrations from rural areas has resulted in unplanned development of the city. Important problems have come about as a result of this rapid and unplanned development, including an increase in the frequency and incidence rate of flood and torrent events. 22 out of 39 districts in the city were variously affected by the flood and torrent events experienced in the autumn of 2006. In this regard, Batman city is a high risk area with respect to hydrography. Improper construction practices, illegal housing and unplanned urbanization are also effective on the escalation of flood and torrent events, sometimes to catastrophic levels, which occur in Batman due to the physical-geographical characteristics of the Basin of Iluh Creek. In order to reveal the effect of these factors, observations were made in the city and household interview surveys were conducted in the districts affected by the flood event. The results of the observations and surveys suggest that human actions are directly effective on the catastrophic escalation of flood and torrent events in Batman city, affecting broad areas and thus causing great loss of life and property.
Keywords: Batman, Turkey, natural disasters, flood and torrent, human factors, hydrographic risk

Anahtar Kelimeler

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BATMAN'DA (GÜNEYDOĞU TÜRKİYE) SEL VE TAŞKINLARIN OLUŞUMUNDA BEŞERİ FAKTÖRLERİN ETKİSİ

Öz

Öz
Bu çalışmada Batman'da yaşanan taşkınların oluşum, sıklık ve frekansında beşeri faktörlerin etkisi vurgulanmıştır. Batman, petrole bağlı olarak hızlı gelişme göstermiş ve 1990 yılında il statüsü kazanmış orta ölçekli bir sanayi şehridir. İşçi göçü ve kırsal alandan aldığı göçlerle aşırı nüfus artışı şehrin plansız gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Hızlı ve plansız gelişme sonrasında önemli sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sorunların başında sel ve taşkınların sıklık ve frekansındaki artış gelmektedir. 2006 yılı sonbaharında yaşanan sel ve taşkından şehrin 39 mahallesinden 22 mahallesi farklı ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Bu yönü ile Batman şehri hidrografik açıdan yüksek riskli bir alandır. İluh Deresi Havzası'nın Fiziki Coğrafya özelliklerine bağlı oluşan sel ve taşkınların, Batman şehrinde bazı yıllar afet boyutunda etkili olmasında hatalı imar uygulamaları, kaçak yapılaşma ve plansız şehirleşme de etkili olmuştur. Bu faktörlerin etkisini ortaya koymak için şehir merkezinde gözlemler ve taşkından etkilenen mahallelerde hane halkı anketleri yapılmıştır. Gözlem ve anket sonuçlarına göre Batman şehir merkezinde yaşanan sel ve taşkın olaylarının afet boyutunda geniş alanları etkileyerek büyük can ve mal kayıplarına yol açması üzerinde doğrudan belirtilen beşeri faaliyetlerin etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
Anahtar kelimeler: Batman, Türkiye, Doğal afetler, Sel ve taşkın, Beşeri faktörler, Hidrografik riskli alan

Anahtar Kelimeler

Batman, Türkiye, Doğal afetler, Sel ve taşkın, Beşeri faktörler, Hidrografik riskli alan

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