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SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU

Yıl 2020, , 304 - 315, 30.07.2020

Özlem Kızılırmak Esmer

https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.579266

Öz

Polikarbonat
(PC) malzeme, gıda ile temas eden malzemelerden özellikle su damacanaları ve
sofra malzemelerinin üretiminde yaygın şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bisfenol-A
(BPA) ise PC malzemelerin üretiminde kullanılan önemli bir monomerdir ve son
yıllarda BPA’nın PC malzemelerden gıdaya geçebildiği ve insan sağlığı üzerinde
olumsuz etkilerinin olabileceği doğrulanmıştır. PC malzeme farklı sıcaklıklarda
farklı sürelerde su ile temas halinde bulunabilmekte, yıkama, sterilizasyon
gibi tekrarlayan işlemlere maruz kalabilmektedir. Nem, yüksek sıcaklık gibi farklı
çevresel koşullara maruz kaldığında PC malzemenin degrade olabileceği ve PC
malzemenin degradasyona uğraması sonucunda malzemede bulunan BPA miktarında
değişiklik olabileceği bazı çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir.  Bu nedenle bu çalışmada su ile temas halinde
kullanılan PC malzemelerde BPA migrasyon mekanizması incelenmiş, PC malzemenin
maruz kaldığı sıcaklık, süre ve tekrarlayan işlemlerin BPA migrasyonuna etkisi
araştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Polikarbonat degradasyon Bisfenol-A migrasyon

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bhunia, K., Sablani, S.S., Tan, J., Rasco, B. Migration of chemical compounds from packaging polymers during microwave, conventional heat treatment, and storage. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2013; 12, 523-545.
  • 2. Figge, K. Polymeric packaging/food interactions and consequences. Specialty Plastics Conference’88, Polyethylene and Polypropylene Resins, Markets and Applications. November 28-30, 1988. Zurich, Maack Business Services, 531-595.
  • 3. Vom Bruck, C.G., Figge, K., Rudolph, F. Application of diffusion theory to migration of plastics components into packed goods: Survey of recent migration studies. Food Cosmetics and Toxicology, 1978; 17, 153-157.
  • 4. Bingöl, M., Polikarbonat (PC) su damacanaları ve bebek biberonlarından bisfenol A (BPA) migrasyonuna ve PC degradasyonu sonucu BPA oluşumuna çeşitli faktörlerin etkilerinin belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2013.
  • 5. Gnanasekharan, V., Floros, J.D., Glacin, J.R. Migration and sorption phenomena in packaged foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1997; 37(6), 519-559.
  • 6. Culter, J.D., Minimizing plastic package/product interactions-An Unfilled Need. Plastic Film and Sheeting, 1992; 8, 208-226.
  • 7. Crosby, N.T., Migration theoretical aspects. Food Packaging Materials, 1981; 106-121.
  • 8. Helmroth, I. E., Rijk, R., Dekker, M., Jongen, W. Predictive modelling of migration from packaging materials into food products for regulatory purposes. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2002; 13,102–109.
  • 9. Er, B., Sarımehmetoğlu, B. Gıdalarda bisfenol-A varlığının değerlendirilmesi. Vet Hekim Der Derg, 2011; 82 (1), 69-74.
  • 10. Silva, S.A., Cruz, J.M.,Garcia, R.S.,Franz, R.,Losada, P.P. Kinetic migration studies from packaging films into meat products. Meat Science, 2007; 77, 238-245.
  • 11. Begley, T., Castle, L., Feigenbaum, A., Franz, R., Hinrichs, K., Lickly, T., Mercea,P., Milana, M., O’Brien, A., Rebre, S., Rijk, R., and Piringer, O. Evaluation of migration models that might be used in support of regulations for food-contact plastics. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2005; 22 (1),73–90.
  • 12. Kızılırmak, Ö. Gıda sanayiinde kullanılan plastik ambalajlar ve migrasyon, Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi, 1996; 1(4), 19-21.
  • 13. Kızılırmak Esmer, Ö, Çağındı, Ö., Şahin, B. Does the realistic contact and daily use conditions limit the use of polycarbonate baby bottles for migration and residue level of Bisphenol-A. Journal of Food and Health Science, 2017; 3(4), 150-160.
  • 14. Maia, J.,Cruz, J,M.,Sendon, R.,Bustos, J.,Sanchez, J,J.,Paseiro, P. Effect of detergents in the release of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Research International, 2009; 42, 1410-1414.
  • 15. Üçüncü, M. Plastikler ve plastik esaslı ambalaj malzemeleri. In “Gıda Ambalajlama Teknolojisi”, ed.by M. Üçüncü. İzmir: Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, 2007; pp. 328-329.
  • 16. Robertson, G.L. Structure and Related Properties of Plastic Polymers. In “Food Packaging: Principles and Practice”, ed.by G.L. Robertson. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor and Francis, 2006; pp. 35.
  • 17. Kawamura, Y., Koyama, Y., Takeda, Y., Yamada, T. Migration of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate products. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, 1998; 39, 206-212.
  • 18. Kızılırmak Esmer, Ö., Üçüncü, M., Saygılıer, E., Ambalajlardan gıdalara geçen bisfenol-A’ya ilişkin risk değerlendirmeleri, VI. International Packaging Congress, 16-18 September 2010, İstanbul.
  • 19. Le, H., Carlson, E., Chua, J., Belcher, S. Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons. Toxicology Letters, 2008; 176 (2), 149-156.
  • 20. Itoh, H., Iwasaki, M., Hanaoka, T., Sasaki, H., Tanaka, T., Tsugane, S. Urinary bisphenol-A concentration in infertile Japanese women and its association with endometriosis: A cross-sectional study. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 2007; 12(6), 258-264.
  • 21. Kang, J,H., Katayama, Y., Kondo, F. Biodegradation of metabolism of BPA: From microorganisms to mammals. Toxicology, 2006; 217 (2-3), 81-90.
  • 22. Lorber, M., Schecter, A., Paepke, O., Shropshire, W., Christensen, K., Birnbaum, L., Exposure assessment of adult intake of bisphenol A (BPA) with emphasis on canned food dietary exposures. Environment International, 2015; 77, 55-62.
  • 23. Lee, Y., Ryu, H., Kim, H., Min, C., Lee, J. Maternal and fetal exposure to bisphenol A in Korea, Reproductive Toxicology, 2008; 25, 413-419.
  • 24. Mahmodi,A., Ghorbel, H., Bouallegui, Z., Marrekchi, R., Isoda, H., Sayadi S. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol protect from bisphenol A effects in livers and kidneys of lactating mother rats and their pups. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2015; 67(7-8), 413-25.
  • 25. Bin, X., Naiyun G., Min R., Hong W., Haihui W. Degradation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water by ozone oxidation. Front. Environ. Sci. Engin. China, 2007; 1(3), 350–356.
  • 26. Yoshida, H., Harada H., Nohta H., Yamaguchi M. Liquid chromatographic determination of bisphenols based on intramolecular excimer-forming fluorescence derivatization. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2003; 488, 211–221.
  • 27. Morales, T.V., Ferrera Z.S., Rodríguez J.J.S. Determination of alkylphenol polyethoxylates, bisphenol-A, 17α-ethynylestradiol and 17β-estradiol and its metabolites in sewage samples by SPE and LC/MS/MS. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010; 183, 701–711.
  • 28. Lang, I.A., Galloway, T.S., Scarlett, A., Henley, W.E., Depledge, M., Wallace, R.B., Melzer, D. Association of Urinary BisphenolA Concentration With Medical Disorders and Laboratory Abnormalities in Adults. JAMA, September 17, 2008; Vol 300, No. 11, 1303-1310.
  • 29. Carwile, J,L., Luu,H,T., Bassett, L,S., Driscoll, D,A., Yuan, C., Chang, J,Y., Ye, X., Calafat, A,M., Michels, K,B. Use of polycarbonate bottles and urinary bisphenol A concentrations. Environ Health Perspec, 2009; doi:10.1289/ehp.0900604 (available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/979b/c64139baa2c9189ea832ceea89a8e8fe70ed.pdf?_ga=2.104185664.1378882989.1560343541-1369306667.1533891092)
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BISPHENOL-A MIGRATION FROM POLYCARBONATE MATERIALS IN CONTACT WITH WATER

Yıl 2020, , 304 - 315, 30.07.2020

Özlem Kızılırmak Esmer

https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.579266

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Bhunia, K., Sablani, S.S., Tan, J., Rasco, B. Migration of chemical compounds from packaging polymers during microwave, conventional heat treatment, and storage. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2013; 12, 523-545.
  • 2. Figge, K. Polymeric packaging/food interactions and consequences. Specialty Plastics Conference’88, Polyethylene and Polypropylene Resins, Markets and Applications. November 28-30, 1988. Zurich, Maack Business Services, 531-595.
  • 3. Vom Bruck, C.G., Figge, K., Rudolph, F. Application of diffusion theory to migration of plastics components into packed goods: Survey of recent migration studies. Food Cosmetics and Toxicology, 1978; 17, 153-157.
  • 4. Bingöl, M., Polikarbonat (PC) su damacanaları ve bebek biberonlarından bisfenol A (BPA) migrasyonuna ve PC degradasyonu sonucu BPA oluşumuna çeşitli faktörlerin etkilerinin belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2013.
  • 5. Gnanasekharan, V., Floros, J.D., Glacin, J.R. Migration and sorption phenomena in packaged foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1997; 37(6), 519-559.
  • 6. Culter, J.D., Minimizing plastic package/product interactions-An Unfilled Need. Plastic Film and Sheeting, 1992; 8, 208-226.
  • 7. Crosby, N.T., Migration theoretical aspects. Food Packaging Materials, 1981; 106-121.
  • 8. Helmroth, I. E., Rijk, R., Dekker, M., Jongen, W. Predictive modelling of migration from packaging materials into food products for regulatory purposes. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 2002; 13,102–109.
  • 9. Er, B., Sarımehmetoğlu, B. Gıdalarda bisfenol-A varlığının değerlendirilmesi. Vet Hekim Der Derg, 2011; 82 (1), 69-74.
  • 10. Silva, S.A., Cruz, J.M.,Garcia, R.S.,Franz, R.,Losada, P.P. Kinetic migration studies from packaging films into meat products. Meat Science, 2007; 77, 238-245.
  • 11. Begley, T., Castle, L., Feigenbaum, A., Franz, R., Hinrichs, K., Lickly, T., Mercea,P., Milana, M., O’Brien, A., Rebre, S., Rijk, R., and Piringer, O. Evaluation of migration models that might be used in support of regulations for food-contact plastics. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2005; 22 (1),73–90.
  • 12. Kızılırmak, Ö. Gıda sanayiinde kullanılan plastik ambalajlar ve migrasyon, Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi, 1996; 1(4), 19-21.
  • 13. Kızılırmak Esmer, Ö, Çağındı, Ö., Şahin, B. Does the realistic contact and daily use conditions limit the use of polycarbonate baby bottles for migration and residue level of Bisphenol-A. Journal of Food and Health Science, 2017; 3(4), 150-160.
  • 14. Maia, J.,Cruz, J,M.,Sendon, R.,Bustos, J.,Sanchez, J,J.,Paseiro, P. Effect of detergents in the release of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Research International, 2009; 42, 1410-1414.
  • 15. Üçüncü, M. Plastikler ve plastik esaslı ambalaj malzemeleri. In “Gıda Ambalajlama Teknolojisi”, ed.by M. Üçüncü. İzmir: Meta Basım Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, 2007; pp. 328-329.
  • 16. Robertson, G.L. Structure and Related Properties of Plastic Polymers. In “Food Packaging: Principles and Practice”, ed.by G.L. Robertson. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor and Francis, 2006; pp. 35.
  • 17. Kawamura, Y., Koyama, Y., Takeda, Y., Yamada, T. Migration of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate products. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, 1998; 39, 206-212.
  • 18. Kızılırmak Esmer, Ö., Üçüncü, M., Saygılıer, E., Ambalajlardan gıdalara geçen bisfenol-A’ya ilişkin risk değerlendirmeleri, VI. International Packaging Congress, 16-18 September 2010, İstanbul.
  • 19. Le, H., Carlson, E., Chua, J., Belcher, S. Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons. Toxicology Letters, 2008; 176 (2), 149-156.
  • 20. Itoh, H., Iwasaki, M., Hanaoka, T., Sasaki, H., Tanaka, T., Tsugane, S. Urinary bisphenol-A concentration in infertile Japanese women and its association with endometriosis: A cross-sectional study. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 2007; 12(6), 258-264.
  • 21. Kang, J,H., Katayama, Y., Kondo, F. Biodegradation of metabolism of BPA: From microorganisms to mammals. Toxicology, 2006; 217 (2-3), 81-90.
  • 22. Lorber, M., Schecter, A., Paepke, O., Shropshire, W., Christensen, K., Birnbaum, L., Exposure assessment of adult intake of bisphenol A (BPA) with emphasis on canned food dietary exposures. Environment International, 2015; 77, 55-62.
  • 23. Lee, Y., Ryu, H., Kim, H., Min, C., Lee, J. Maternal and fetal exposure to bisphenol A in Korea, Reproductive Toxicology, 2008; 25, 413-419.
  • 24. Mahmodi,A., Ghorbel, H., Bouallegui, Z., Marrekchi, R., Isoda, H., Sayadi S. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol protect from bisphenol A effects in livers and kidneys of lactating mother rats and their pups. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2015; 67(7-8), 413-25.
  • 25. Bin, X., Naiyun G., Min R., Hong W., Haihui W. Degradation of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A in drinking water by ozone oxidation. Front. Environ. Sci. Engin. China, 2007; 1(3), 350–356.
  • 26. Yoshida, H., Harada H., Nohta H., Yamaguchi M. Liquid chromatographic determination of bisphenols based on intramolecular excimer-forming fluorescence derivatization. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2003; 488, 211–221.
  • 27. Morales, T.V., Ferrera Z.S., Rodríguez J.J.S. Determination of alkylphenol polyethoxylates, bisphenol-A, 17α-ethynylestradiol and 17β-estradiol and its metabolites in sewage samples by SPE and LC/MS/MS. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010; 183, 701–711.
  • 28. Lang, I.A., Galloway, T.S., Scarlett, A., Henley, W.E., Depledge, M., Wallace, R.B., Melzer, D. Association of Urinary BisphenolA Concentration With Medical Disorders and Laboratory Abnormalities in Adults. JAMA, September 17, 2008; Vol 300, No. 11, 1303-1310.
  • 29. Carwile, J,L., Luu,H,T., Bassett, L,S., Driscoll, D,A., Yuan, C., Chang, J,Y., Ye, X., Calafat, A,M., Michels, K,B. Use of polycarbonate bottles and urinary bisphenol A concentrations. Environ Health Perspec, 2009; doi:10.1289/ehp.0900604 (available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/979b/c64139baa2c9189ea832ceea89a8e8fe70ed.pdf?_ga=2.104185664.1378882989.1560343541-1369306667.1533891092)
  • 30. Palanza, P., Gioiosa, L., Saal, F., Parmigiani, S. Effects of developmental exposure to bisphenol A on brain and behavior in mice. Environmental Research, 2008; 108, 150-157.
  • 31. Vandenberg, N., Hauser, R., Marcus, M., Olea, N. Wade, W. Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), Reproductive Toxicology, 2007; 24, 139-77
  • 32. Wozniak, A.l., Bulayeva, N.N., Watson, C.S. Xenoestrogens at Picomolar to Nanomolar Concentrations Trigger Membrane Estrogen Receptor-α–Mediated Ca2+ Fluxes and Prolactin Release in GH3/B6 Pituitary Tumor Cells, Environ Health Perspec, 2005; 113 (4), 431-439.
  • 33. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Opinion of the scientific committee on food on Bisphenol A. 2002.
  • 34. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (Bisphenol A), 2006.
  • 35. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs: Executive summary. EFSA panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids, 2015.
  • 36. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Draft scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence 2 of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs: EFSA panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids, 2014.
  • 37. Commission Directive-90/128/EEC. Commission Directive relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Official Journal of the Europan Communities L 0128, 1990; pp.12.
  • 38. Commission Directive- 2002/72/EC. Commission Directive relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs .Official Journal of the Europan Communities L 220, 2002; pp. 27.
  • 39. Commission Directive- 2011/8/EU. Amending Directive 2002/72/EC as regards the restriction of use of Bisphenol A in plastic infant feeding bottles. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 2011; 26/ 11.
  • 40. European Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. OJ L 12, 15.1.2011, pp. 1–89.
  • 41. Commission Regulation-2018/213/EU. Commission Regulation on the use of bisphenol A in varnishes and coatings intended to come into contact with food and amending Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 as regards the use of that substance in plastic food contact materials, 2018.
  • 42. Anonymous, İnsani tüketim amaçlı sular hakkında yönetmelikte değişiklik yapılmasına dair yönetmelik. 7 Mart 2013; Sayı: 28580
  • 43. Maragou, N.C., Mvdi, A., Lampi, E.N., Thomaidis, N.S., Koupparis M.A. Migration of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate baby bottles under real use conditions. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2008; 25(3), 373-383.
  • 44. Brede, C., Fjeldal, P., Skjevrak, I., Herikstad, H. Increased migration levels of Bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles after dishwashing, boiling and brushing, conditions. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2003; 20 (7), 684-689.
  • 45. Biles, J.E., McNeal, T.P., Begley, T.H., Hollifield, H.C. Determination of bisphenol-A in reusable polycarbonate food-contact plastics and migration to food-simulating liquids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997; 45, 3541-3544.
  • 46. Pedersen, D.A., Hvilsted, S., Petersen, J.H., Migration of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate plastic of different qualities, Environmental project No. 1710, 2015. (http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/110762088/BPA_MST_project_No_1710_2015.pdf)
  • 47. Hoekstra E. J., Simoneau, C. Release of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate – A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2013; 53, 386-402.
  • 48. Mercea P. Physicochemical processes involved in migration of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009; 112, 579-593.
  • 49. Ehlert, K.A., Beumer, C.W.E., Groot, M.C.E. Migration of bisphenol-A into water from polycarbonate baby bottles during microwave heating. Food Additives and Contaminants, Part A, 2008; 25 (7), 904-910.
  • 50. Yamamoto, T., Yasuhara, A. Chlorination of bisphenol A in aqueous media: formation of chlorinated bisphenol A congeners and degradation to chlorinated phenolic compounds. Chemosphere 46, 1999; 1215–1223.
  • 51. Piringer O.G., Baner A.L. (eds), Plastic packaging, 2. edition, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim, Tyskland. 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-31455-3.
  • 52. Nam S-H, Seo, Y-M, Kim, M-G. Bisphenol-A migration from polycarbonate baby bottles with repeated use. Chemosphere, 2010; 79, 949-952.
  • 53. De Coencel N., David, F., Sandra, P. Study on the migration of bisphenol-A from baby bottles by stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS. Journal of Seperation Science, 2009; 32, 3829-3836.
  • 54. Kubwabo C., Kosarac, I. , Stewart, B. , Gauthier, B. R. , Lalonde, K., Lalonde, P.J. Migration of bisphenol- A from plastic baby bottle, baby bottle liners and reusable polycarbonate drinking bottles. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2009; 26 (6), 928-937.
  • 55. Hu, L.C., Oku, A., Yamada, E. Alkali-catalyzed methanolysis of polycarbonate. A study on recycling of bisphenol-A and dimethyl carbonate. Polymer, 1998; 39, 3841– 3845.
  • 56. Deirram, N., Rahmat, A.R., Rashidi, S., Ghambari, T., Moradpour, M., Hydrolysis degradation of polycarbonate under microwave irradiation by using design of experiment software. Scientific Research and Assays, 2012; 7(40), 3399-3405.
  • 57. Anonymous., Baby’s toxic bottle- Bisphenol-A leaching from popular baby bottles, A report prepared by Work Group for Safe Markets. 2008. https://www.slideshare.net/v2zq/yzd64 (En son ulaşılan tarih: 17.06.2019)
  • 58. Sun,Y., Wada, M., Al-Dirbashi, O., Kuroda, N., Nakazawa, H., Nakashima, K. High-performance liquid chromatography with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection of BPA migrated from polycarbonate drinking bottles using benzoyl chloride as a label, Journal of Chromatography B, 2000; 749, 49-56.
  • 59. Mountfort, K.A., Kelly, J., Jickells, S.M., Castle, L. Investigations into the potential degradation of polycarbonate baby bottles during sterilization with consequent release of bisphenol-A. Food Additives and Contaminants, 1997; Vol. 14 (6-7), 737-740.
  • 60. Takao, Y., Chul, L.H., Ishibashi Y., Kohra, S., Tominaga, N., Arizono, K. Fast screening method for bisphenol-A in environmental water and in food by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), J Health Sci, 1999; 45 (1), 39-39.
  • 61. Biedermann-Brem, S., Grob, K. Release of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate baby bottles: water hardness as the most relevant factor. Eur Food Res Technology, 2009; 228, 679-684.
  • 62. Biedermann-Brem, S., Grob, K., Fjeldahl, P. Release of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate baby bottles: mechanism of formation and investigation of worst case scenarios. Eur Food Res Technol, 2008; 227,1053-1060.
  • 63. Howdeshell, K.L., Peterman, P.H., Judy, B.M., Taylor, J.A., Orazio, C.E., Ruhlen, R.L., vom Saal, S.F., Welshons, W.V. Bisphenol-A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003; 111 (9), 1180-1187.
  • 64. Castle, L., Chemical migration into food: an overview. In K.A. Barnes, C.R. Sinclair & D.H. Watson (Eds.) Chemical migration and food contact (p. 1-12). Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Abington Cambridge CB21 6AH, England. 2007. ISBN-13: 978-1-84569-029-8.
  • 65. Vom Bruck, C.G. Interaction between food and packaging materials and its consequences migration. Food Packaging and Preservation-Theory and Practice, 1986; 39-66.
  • 66. Cao,X-L., Corrivaeu, J. Migration of bisphenol-A from polycarbonate baby and water bottles into water under severe conditions. J. Agric Food Chem, 2008; 56, 6378-6381.
  • 67. Diepens M., Gijsman, P. Photodegradation of bisphenol-A polycarbonate with different types of stabilizers. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2010; 95 (5), 811-817.
  • 68. Diepens M., Gijsman, P. Photostabilizing of bisphenol-A polycarbonate by using UV-absorbers and self-protective block copolymers based on resorcinol polyacrylate blocks. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2009; 94 (10), 1808-1813.
  • 69. Diepens, M., Gijsman, P., Photodegradation of bisphenol-A polycarbonate. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2007; 92(3), 397-406.
  • 70. George, L., Gaines, Jr. Acceleration of hydrolysis of bisphenol-A polycarbonate by hindered amines. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1990; 27(1),13-18.
  • 71. Krishnan, A.V., Stathis, P., Permuth, S.F., Tokes, L., Feldman, D. Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology, 1993; 132, 2279–2286.
  • 72. Sajiki, J., Yonekubo, J. Leaching of bisphenol-A (BPA) from polycarbonate plastic to water containing amino acids and its degradation by radical oxygen species. Chemosphere, 2004; 55, 861-867.
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özlem Kızılırmak Esmer 0000-0003-4652-0514

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Kızılırmak Esmer, Ö. (2020). SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, 9(2), 304-315. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.579266
AMA Kızılırmak Esmer Ö. SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. Temmuz 2020;9(2):304-315. doi:10.18036/estubtdc.579266
Chicago Kızılırmak Esmer, Özlem. “SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 9, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2020): 304-15. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.579266.
EndNote Kızılırmak Esmer Ö (01 Temmuz 2020) SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 9 2 304–315.
IEEE Ö. Kızılırmak Esmer, “SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU”, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 304–315, 2020, doi: 10.18036/estubtdc.579266.
ISNAD Kızılırmak Esmer, Özlem. “SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji 9/2 (Temmuz 2020), 304-315. https://doi.org/10.18036/estubtdc.579266.
JAMA Kızılırmak Esmer Ö. SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2020;9:304–315.
MLA Kızılırmak Esmer, Özlem. “SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU”. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji, c. 9, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 304-15, doi:10.18036/estubtdc.579266.
Vancouver Kızılırmak Esmer Ö. SU İLE TEMAS HALİNDE OLAN POLİKARBONAT MALZEMELERDEN BİSFENOL-A MİGRASYONU. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji. 2020;9(2):304-15.