DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME IMPORTANT SALEP ORCHIDS

Öz

ABSTRACT

 In this study we evaluated the secondary metabolites, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of salep orchids, Anacamptis morio, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Neotinea tridentata, Ophrys mammosa, Ophrys lutea, and Ophrys speculum. DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant activities of n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of the plants. The antimicrobial activities were also determined by the Broth micro-dilution method. The extracts were studied for antimicrobial activity by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) approach against seven clinical pathogenic bacteria and two fungi. Phytochemical screening revealed that the presences of coumarins, flavonoids, flavanones, cardiac glycosides, proteins and quinones. The extracts had variable TPC and TFC, with values of 4.46 ± 0.19–45.83 ± 1.86 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight and 0.67 ± 0.04–8.64 ± 0.37 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight respectively. O. speculum had the highest (35.12%) antioxidant activity, followed by O. mammosa (33.17%). Chloroform extracts of all species showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. These bioactivities of the chloroform extracts were positively associated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The MIC concentrations ranged from 0.156–20 mg/mL. The present investigation shows that the extracts of these species, especially chloroform extracts, could be used as potential antioxidant and antimicrobial sources.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Salep orchids,Antioxidant activity,DPPH• assay,Antimicrobial activity,Minimum inhibitory concentration

BAZI ÖNEMLİ SALEP ORKİDESİ TÜRLERİNİN TOPLAM FENOLİK VE FLAVONOİT İÇERİKLERİNİN, ANTİOKSİDAN VE ANTİMİKROBİYAL AKTİVİTELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada; Anacamptis morio, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Neotinea tridentata, Ophrys mammosa, Ophrys lutea ve Ophrys speculum salep orkidelerinin sekonder metabolitleri, toplam fenolik (TPC) ve flavonoit bileşikleri (TFC), antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri ölçülmüştür. DPPH serbest radikal temizleme yöntemi ile bitkilerin n-hekzan, kloroform, methanol ve su özütlerinde antioksidan aktiviteler belirlenmiştir. Antimikrobiyal aktiviteler Broth mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Özütler yedi klinik patojen bakteriye ve iki fungusa karşı taranmıştır. Fitokimyasal taramada kumarinler, flavanoitler, flavanonlar, kardiyak glikozitler, proteinler ve kinonlar bulunduğunu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Özütlerin değişken TPC ve TFC değerlerine sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir (TPC 4.46 ± 0.19–45.83 ± 1.86 mg gallik asit eşdeğer/g kuru ağırlık ve TFC 0.67 ± 0.04–8.64 ± 0.37 mg kuersetin eşdeğer/g kuru ağırlık). Çalışmada O. speculum türünün %35.12 ile en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu ve onu %33.17 ile O. mammosa türünün takip ettiği belirlenmiştir. Bütün türlerde kloroform özütlerinin en yüksek antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Kloroform özütlerinin bu biyoaktiviteleri toplam fenolik ve flavanoit bileşikleri ile pozitif olarak ilişkilidir. MİK konsantrasyonları 0.156-20 mg/mL oranındadır. Bu çalışma, kullanılan salep orkidelerinin özellikle kloroform özütlerinin, potansiyel antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal kaynakları olabileceğini göstermektedir.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Salep orkideleri,Antioksidan aktivite,DPPH• analizi,Antimikrobiyal aktivite,Minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonu

Kaynakça

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