ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MEYVE VE SEBZE TÜKETİMİ İLE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER VE ENGELLER: KAYSERİ, TÜRKİYE

Öz

Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin meyve ve sebze tüketim sıklıkları ve ilişkili faktörler incelenerek öğrencilerin meyve ve sebze tüketimleri ile ilişkili faktörler ve engellerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma üniversitede eğitim gören 630 öğrenci ile 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında yürütülmüştür. Veriler öğrencilerin sosyodemografik bilgileri, günlük meyve sebze tüketim miktarları, meyve ve sebze tüketimlerini etkileyen faktörler ve engelleri sorgulayan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Meyve ve sebze alımları Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) önerilerine göre değerlendirilmiştir ve yeme ve sağlık alışkanlıkları ile meyve ve sebze (M/S) alımının yeterliliği karşılaştırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin günlük ortalama toplam meyve ve sebze tüketimi 3,1 (1-5) porsiyondur. DSÖ önerilerine göre %71,4’ünün günlük M/S tüketimi yetersizken, yalnızca %28,6’sının M/S tüketimi yeterlidir. Sebze tüketimi arttıkça meyve tüketimi de artmaktadır (r=0,398, p<0,001). Vücut ağırlığı ile meyve ve sebze tüketimi arasındaki korelasyon istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir (sırasıyla r=-0,007, r=-0,026) (p>0,05). Yalnızca yaşanılan yer ve yeterli M/S tüketimi arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0,001). Cinsiyet, sosyoekonomik durum ve Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) ile yeterli M/S tüketimi arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. M/S tüketimini engelleyen faktörlerin başlıcaları hazırlama ve pişirme sürelerinin uzun olması (%52,0), sebze yemeklerinin doyurucu bulunmaması (%48,7), sebze tüketiminin sevilmemesidir (%36,2). En önemli bariyer ise yeterli tüketim algılarıdır. M/S tüketiminin yeterli düşünen öğrencilerin %58,1’i DSÖ önerilerine göre yetersiz tüketmektedir. Yetersiz tüketen öğrencilerin ise yalnızca %50,0’si M/S tüketimini artırmayı düşünmektedir. Öğrencilerin %71,4’ünün M/S tüketimi DSÖ önerilerine göre yetersiz olup; yurtta kalan öğrencilerin, ara öğünlerde bisküvi-çikolata tüketen öğrencilerin ve ev dışında yemeklerde fast food tercih eden öğrencilerin yetersiz M/S tüketim durumu diğer gruplara göre anlamlı olarak yüksektir. Üniversite öğrencileri yeterli M/S tüketmemektedir. Bu nedenle üniversite öğrencilerinin M/S tüketimine ve M/S tüketimi önündeki engellerin aşılmasına ilişkin bilgi ve davranışlarının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meyve
• sebze
• üniversite öğrencileri
• engeller

FACTORS AND BARRIERS RELATED TO FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: KAYSERİ, TÜRKİYE

Öz

This study aimed to examine university students' fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption status and related factors and determine the influencing factors and barriers. The study was conducted with 630 students studying at university in the 2016-2017 academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire questioning students' sociodemographic characteristics, daily fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption, factors and barriers affecting F/V consumption. F/V intake status was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, and the adequacy of F/V intake was compared with nutrition and health habits. The mean daily total F/V consumption of students was 3.1 (1-5) portions. According to WHO recommendations, 71.4% had inadequate daily F/V consumption, while only 28.6% had adequate F/V consumption. As vegetable consumption increased, fruit consumption also increased (r=0.398, p<0.001). The correlation between body weight and fruit and vegetable consumption was statistically not significant (r=-0.007, r=-0.026, respectively) (p>0.05). A significant difference was found only between place of living and adequate F/V consumption (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between gender, socioeconomic status and Body Mass Index (BMI) and adequate F/V consumption. The main factors preventing F/V consumption were; long preparation and cooking times (52.0%), vegetable dishes were not found to be satisfying (48.7%), and vegetable consumption was not liked (36.2%). The most important barrier is the perception of adequate consumption. A significant difference was found between students' perceptions of their F/V consumption and current status (p<0.001). Of the students who thought their F/V consumption was adequate, 58.1% consumed inadequate among the students who consume inadequate F/V, 50.0% think of increasing their F/V consumption. The F/V consumption of 71.4% of the students was inadequate, and the inadequate F/V consumption status of students living in dormitories, students who consumed biscuits-chocolates at snacks, and students who preferred fast food for meals outside the home was higher than the other groups. University students do not consume adequate F/V. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the knowledge and behaviors of university students regarding F/V consumption and overcoming the barriers to F/V consumption.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fruit
• vegetables
• university students
• barriers

Kaynakça

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