TÜRK YETİŞKİNLERDE TABAK TEMİZLEME EĞİLİMİ ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN (T-PCTS) PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Tabaktaki yemeğin tamamını bitirmeye yönelik eğilimin (tabak temizleme eğilimi) bireylerde sıklıkla gözlenebilecek bir davranış olduğu ve obezite sıklığını artırabileceği düşünülmektedir. Tabak temizleme eğilimindeki bireysel farklılıkların değerlendirilebilmesi amacıyla geliştirilen Tabak Temizleme Eğilimi Ölçeği’nin (Plate Clearing Tendency Scale-PCTS) Türk bireylerden oluşan bir örneklemde psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, 19-64 yaşları arasında (ortalama 32,4±11,5) 333 yetişkin birey (%32,7 erkek, %67,3 kadın) birey ile yürütülmüştür. Bireyler anket formunu çevrimiçi olarak tamamlamıştır. Tabak temizleme eğilimi ölçeğinin Türkçe versiyonu için geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. T-PCTS’nin faktör yapısını değerlendirmek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden yararlanılmıştır ayrıca güvenirlik analizleri ve Spearman korelasyonları da incelenmiştir. T-PCTS’nin tek faktörlü yapısı iyi model uyumu göstermiştir ve kabul edilebilir iç güvenirliğe sahiptir (Cronbach alpha ve McDonald Omega ≥0,70). T-PCTS ile besin isteği ve alt faktörleri arasında ilişki saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Toplam T-PCTS puanı ile beden kütle indeksi arasında negatif yönlü ve anlamlı olmayan bir ilişki saptanmıştır (r=-0,022, p>0,05). T-PCTS Türk yetişkinlerde tabak temizleme eğilimini ölçmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir araçtır. Tabak temizleme eğilimi besin isteği gibi yeme davranışını yönlendiren anlık durumlardan etkilenmemiştir. Obezitenin ortaya çıkmasında uzun sürece yayılan olumsuz yeme davranışlarının etkili olduğu düşünüldüğünde, tabak temizleme eğilimi geçmiş dönemde yerleşmiş beslenme davranışlarına bağlı şekillenebilir ve obezite yönetimine yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Besin isteği
• obezite
• tabak temizleme eğilimi
• yeme davranışı

INVESTIGATION OF THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE PLATE CLEARING TENDENCY SCALE (T-PCTS) IN TURKISH ADULTS

Öz

It is thought that the tendency to finish all the food on the plate (plate clearing tendency) is a behavior that can be frequently observed in individuals and may increase the frequency of obesity. It was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Plate Clearing Tendency Scale (PCTS), which was developed to evaluate individual differences in plate clearing tendency, in a sample of Turkish individuals. The study was conducted with 333 adults (32.7% male, 67.3% female) aged between 19 and 64 years (mean 32.4±11.5). Individuals completed the questionnaire online. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted for the Turkish version of the plate cleaning tendency scale (T-PCTS). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the T-PCTS, and reliability analyses and Spearman correlations were also examined. The one-factor structure of the T-PCTS showed good model fit and had acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach alpha and McDonald Omega ≥0.70). No relationship was found between T-PCTS and food cravings and its sub-factors (p>0.05). A negative and non-significant relationship was found between total T-PCTS score and body mass index (r=-0.022, p>0.05). T-PCTS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring plate clearing tendency in Turkish adults. The tendency to clean the plate was not affected by immediate situations that guide eating behavior such as food cravings. Considering that long-term negative eating behaviors are effective in the emergence of obesity, the tendency to clean the plate may be shaped by past eating behaviors and may provide a new perspective on obesity management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Food cravings
• obesity
• plate clearing tendency
• eating habits

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee permission dated 20/11/2023 and numbered 21/141 was obtained from Ankara University Rectorate Ethics Committee for the study.

Kaynakça

1. Steenhuis I, Poelman M. Portion Size: Latest Developments and Interventions. Curr Obes Rep. 2017;6(1):10-7. doi:10.1007/s13679-017-0239-x
2. Livingstone MB, Pourshahidi LK. Portion size and obesity. Adv Nutr. 2014;5(6):829-34. doi: 10.3945/an.114.007104
3. Zuraikat FM, Smethers AD, Rolls BJ. The influence of portion size on eating and drinking. In: Meiselman HL (ed) Handbook of eating and drinking. Springer, Cham, 2019. pp. 1-36.
4. Nill T, Meule A. On the measurement and correlates of plate clearing: examining a German version of the Plate Clearing Tendency Scale. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27(7):2791-800. doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01433-3.
5. Ruddock HK, Long EV, Brunstrom JM, Vartanian LR, Higgs S. People serve themselves larger portions before a social meal. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):11072. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90559-y.
6. Hinton EC, Brunstrom JM, Fay SH, Wilkinson LL, Ferriday D, Rogers PJ, et al. Using photography in 'The Restaurant of the Future'. A useful way to assess portion selection and plate cleaning?. Appetite. 2013;63:31-5. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.008.
7. Robinson E, te Raa W, Hardman CA. Portion size and intended consumption. Evidence for a pre-consumption portion size effect in males? Appetite. 2015;91:83-9. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.009.
8. Robinson E, McFarland-Lesser I, Patel Z, Jones A. Downsizing food: a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of reducing served food portion sizes on daily energy intake and body weight. Br J Nutr. 2023;129(5):888-903. doi:10.1017/S0007114522000903.

9. Sheen F, Hardman CA, Robinson E. Plate-clearing tendencies and portion size are independently associated with main meal food intake in women: A laboratory study. Appetite. 2018;127:223-9. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.020.
10. Robinson E, Aveyard P, Jebb SA. Is plate clearing a risk factor for obesity? A cross-sectional study of self-reported data in US adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015;23(2):301-4. doi:10.1002/oby.20976.
11. Robinson E, Hardman CA. Empty plates and larger waists: a cross-sectional study of factors associated with plate clearing habits and body weight. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;70(6):750-2. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.218
12. Sheen F, Hardman CA, Robinson E. Food waste concerns, eating behaviour and body weight. Appetite. 2020;151:104692. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104692
13. Robinson E, Almiron-Roig E, Rutters F, de Graaf C, Forde CG, Smith CT, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of eating rate on energy intake and hunger. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):123-51. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.081745
14. Almiron-Roig E, Tsiountsioura M, Lewis HB, Wu J, Solis-Trapala I, Jebb SA. Large portion sizes increase bite size and eating rate in overweight women. Physiol Behav. 2015;139:297-302. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.041
15. Gjerris M, Gaiani S. Household food waste in Nordic countries: Estimations and ethical implications. Nordic J Appl Ethics. 2013;9:6–23.https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v7i1.1786
16. Wang L, Yang Y, Wang G. The Clean Your Plate Campaign: Resisting Table Food Waste in an Unstable World. Sustainability. 2022;14(8):4699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084699
17. Boswell RG, Kober H. Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: a meta-analytic review. Obes Rev. 2016;17(2):159-77. doi: 10.1111/obr.12354
18. Potenza MN, Grilo CM. How Relevant is Food Craving to Obesity and Its Treatment? Front Psychiatry. 2014;5:164. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00164
19. Meule A, Richard A, Platte P. Food cravings prospectively predict decreases in perceived self-regulatory success in dieting. Eat Behav. 2017;24:34-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.11.007
20. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F. Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures. SPINE. 2000;25(24):3186-91. doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014.
21. Osborne JW, Costello AB. Sample size and subject to item ratio in principal components analysis. Pract Assess Res & Eval. 2004;9:1-9. doi:10.7275/ktzq-jq66.
22. Cepeda-Benito A, Gleaves DH, Williams TL, Erath SA. The development and validation of the state and trait food-cravings questionnaires. Behavior therapy. 2000;31(1):151-73. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(00)80009-X.
23. Meule A, Hermann T, Kübler A. A short version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait: the FCQ-T-reduced. Front Psychol. 2014;5:190. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00190.
24. Traş Z, Gökçen G. Adaptation of the Short Version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait to Turkish Culture: A Study of Validity and Reliability. Journal of Ahmet Keleşoğlu Education Faculty. 2021;3(2):200-15. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1873507.
25. Edwards AA, Joyner KJ, Schatschneider C. A simulation study on the performance of different reliability estimation methods. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2021;81(6):1089-117. doi:10.1177/0013164421994184.
26. Hallam J, Boswell RG, DeVito EE, Kober H. Gender-related Differences in Food Craving and Obesity. Yale J Biol Med. 2016;89(2):161-73. PMC4918881.
27. Niemiec MA, Boswell JF, Hormes JM. Development and initial validation of the obsessive compulsive eating scale. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016;24(8):1803-9. doi:10.1002/oby.21529.
28. Garbinsky EN, Morewedge CK, Shiv B. Interference of the end: why recency bias in memory determines when a food is consumed again. Psychological science. 2014;25(7):1466-74. doi:10.1177/0956797614534268.