COVID-19’UN TOPLUMDA YAYILIMINI ÖNLEMEYE YÖNELİK İLAÇ DIŞI HALK SAĞLIĞI ÖNLEMLERİ

Öz

COVID-19'u tedavi etmek veya önlemek için etkili spesifik ilaç veya aşı olmadığı için halk sağlığı önlemleri salgına yanıt vermenin tek yoludur. Hastalığın yayılmasını kontrol etmek ve kontrol önlemlerinin sürekli uygulanmasını sağlamak için etkili şekilde sürveyansın yapılması kritik önem taşımaktadır. Halk sağlığı önlemlerinden özellikle el ve solunum hijyeni, sosyal mesafenin uygulanması, izolasyon, karantina; solunum hastalıklarının yavaş bulaşması ve sağlık kuruluşlarının bu hastalıklarla daha iyi başa çıkabilmesi için önemlidir. Sosyal mesafe, özellikle toplum yayılımının gerçekleştiği, ancak vakalar arasındaki bağlantıların belirsiz olduğu durumlarda yararlıdır. Mesafe uzadıkça bulaşın azaldığı, maske kullanımının hem sağlık çalışanları için hem de toplumda etkene maruz kalan insanlar için koruyucu olduğu gösterilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda ikinci bir dalgadan korunmak için toplum bağışıklığının henüz yetersiz olması nedeniyle alınan halk sağlığı önlemlerinin devam etmesi gerektiğinin göstergesidir. Sürecin uzaması bireylerde önlemlere uyumda azalmaya ve uyum yorgunluğuna da neden olabilir. Salgının kontrol alınmasıyla politika yapıcılar sağlık sistemi kapasitesinin aşılmadan, halk sağlığı önlemleri ile kontrollü sosyal yaşamı benimsemektedir. Sonuç olarak; COVID-19 salgını kontrolü için en önemli basamak olan halk sağlığı önlemlerin sürekliliği toplumun sosyokültürel yapısı göz önüne alınarak sağlanmalıdır. Önlemlerin uygulanabilir olması, bireysel uyum için ekonomik altyapının sağlanması, salgın başından itibaren her ülkenin sürveyans kapasitesini önemli düzeyde artırması gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• ilaç dışı halk sağlığı önlemleri
• toplum yayılımı
• önlemlere uyum

NON-PHARMACEUTICAL PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES TO PREVENT THE TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19 IN COMMUNITY

Öz

Non-pharmaceutical public health measures are the only way to respond to the epidemic as there are no specific drugs or vaccines to treat or prevent COVID-19. Effective surveillance is critical to control the spread of the disease and to ensure continuous implementation of control measures. Among the public health measures, especially hand and respiratory hygiene, implementation of social distance, isolation, quarantine; It is important for the slow transmission of respiratory diseases and health institutions to deal with these diseases better. Social distance is especially useful in cases where community spread occurs, but the links between cases are uncertain. It has been shown that the transmission decreases as the distance gets longer, and the use of masks is protective for both healthcare workers and people who are exposed to factors in society. It is an indication that the public health measures taken due to the lack of community immunity are required to be protected from a second wave in studies. The prolongation of the process may also lead to decreased compliance and compliance fatigue in individuals. With the control of the outbreak, policymakers adopt controlled social life with public health measures, without exceeding their health system capacity. As a result; The continuity of public health measures, which is the most important step for COVID-19 outbreak control, should be ensured by considering the sociocultural structure of the society. Measures need to be viable, provide economic infrastructure for individual adaptation, and significantly increase the surveillance capacity of each country from the outbreak.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• non-pharmaceutical public health measures
• community transmission
• compliance measures

Kaynakça

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