FACTORS AFFECTING ANTI-VACCINATION

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 244 - 258, 14.05.2019

Gülsüm Hatice Yüksel Ahmet Topuzoğlu

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.525983

Cited By: 28

Öz

The main purpose of health
services is to protect the health of individuals and prevent diseases. One of
the most important public health practices in the prevention of infectious
diseases is vaccination. The success of childhood vaccination programs in our
country is very high. Increasing concerns about vaccination in recent years are
noteworthy. Elimination of concerns about vaccination practices; achieving the
objectives of the Extended Immunization Program is important to protect the
community against diseases with death and serious complications. Although there
is an increase in vaccination rates in our country, as in many countries,
hesitations about vaccines are increasing. Therefore, the need to revise the
factors that affect the vaccination has arisen. In 2012, the World Health Organization
established a commission to investigate vaccination rejections. According to
the report prepared as a result of the work of this commission, vaccine
rejection and vaccine hesitancy are defined as different concepts. This
concept, which is a combination of many social, cultural, political and
personal factors, affects the continuity and successful implementation of
vaccination practices. In a number of studies, the reasons for rejecting,
delaying or hesitating the vaccination of the children of their parents were
investigated. In vaccination rejections, parents' lack of knowledge is one of
the most important reasons. Physicians play an important role in parental
education as the most reliable source of information on vaccination. Although
the safety of the contents of the vaccines has been demonstrated by studies,
the public opinion on the vaccination schedule was determined by the vaccine
producers. The fact that diseases and complications are seen less during
vaccination does not eliminate the need for vaccines. What can happen if the
vaccination is terminated is explained by the CDC's report. Studies have shown
that if parents can be informed about efficacy and risks of vaccines and
vaccination components; the potential side effects and the potential benefits
of vaccination; they can be conscious of their children.

AŞI REDLERİNİN ARTMASI VE AŞI KARŞITLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Öz

Sağlık
hizmetlerinin temel amacı, bireylerin sağlığını korumak ve hastalıkları
engellemektir. Bulaşıcı hastalıkların önlenmesinde en önemli halk sağlığı
uygulamalarından biri aşılamadır. Ülkemizde çocukluk çağı aşılama
programlarının başarısı oldukça yüksektir. Aşı uygulamalarına ve etkilerine
yönelik son yıllarda artan endişeler dikkat çekmektedir. Aşı uygulamalarına
yönelik endişelerin giderilmesi; GBP hedeflerine ulaşılabilmesi, toplumu
ölüm ve ciddi komplikasyon riskleri olan hastalıklara karşı korumak için
önemlidir. Ülkemizde aşılanma oranlarında artış olsa da birçok ülkede olduğu
gibi aşılar konusunda tereddütler artmaktadır. Bu nedenle aşı uygulamalarını
etkileyen faktörlerin yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ihtiyacı doğmuştur.

Aşı
redlerinde, ebeveynlerin bilgisiz olması en önemli nedenlerden biridir. Aşılama
konusunda en güvenilir bilgi kaynağı olarak hekimler, ebeveyn eğitiminde önemli
bir rol oynamaktadır. Aşıların içeriğinin güvenilirliği her ne kadar yapılan
çalışmalarla ortaya konmuş olsa da, aşı takviminin aşı üreticileri tarafından
belirlendiğine dair kamuoyunu meşgul eden görüşler ortaya atılmıştır. Aşılama
sonucunda hastalıkların ve komplikasyonlarının daha az görülüyor olması, aşıya
olan ihtiyacı ortadan kaldırmamaktadır. Aşılamaya son verilmesi halinde neler
olabileceği CDC’nin raporuyla açıklanmıştır.

İncelenen
çalışmalar göstermiştir ki, ebeveynlerin çocukluk çağı aşılamaları hakkında,
özellikle aşıların ve aşı bileşenlerinin etkinliğine; olası yan etkiler ve
aşılamanın yararları gibi risklere ilişkin yeterince bilgilendirilmesi,
çocuklarını aşılatma konusunda bilinçli bir seçim yapmalarını sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

aşı, aşılama, bağışıklama, aşı reddi, aşı tereddüdü, aşı uyumu, aşı karşıtlığı, aşı güvenliği

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