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SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ALANINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE RUHSAL BOZUKLUKLARIN VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 443 - 460, 02.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.701164

Öz

Üniversite öğrencilerinin mevcut ruhsal bozukluk semptomlarının ve bunların sosyodemografik faktörler ile olası ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel tipteki araştırmanın evrenini 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında üniversitede öğrenim görmekte olan lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktır. Sınıf seviyesine göre tabakalandırılarak her fakülteden öğrenci sayısıyla orantılı olacak şekilde tabakalı rastgele örneklem yöntemi ile 814 katılımcı ile çalışmamız yürütülmüştür. Veriler gözlem altında katılımcılar tarafından doldurulan sosyodemografik özelliklere yönelik soru formu ve Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) ile toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde Ki kare, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. Çok değişkenli analizde çoklu lineer regresyon kullanılmıştır. İstatiksel olarak, p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %70,5’i (n=574) kadın, yaş ortalaması 21,04±1,64’tür. Katılımcıların fakültelere göre dağılımına bakıldığında %38,5’i (n=312) Tıp Fakültesi, %39’u (n=316) Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, %22,5’i (n=182) Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ndendir. Birinci, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfların dağılımları ise sırasıyla %37,0 (n=297), %33,7 (n=270), %28,4 (n=228) ve %0,9’dur (n=7). Öğrencilerin yaşadıkları yer ve öğrenim gördükleri sınıf anksiyete durumu ile; kadın cinsiyet, yetersiz gelir ve üniversiteye yeni başlamak depresyon puanı ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Gelirini yetersiz bulanlar ile üniversiteye yeni başlayanların olumsuz benlik ve karşıtlık puanları daha yüksek iken (p<0,05); kadınların ve 1.sınıfların somatizayon puanları da anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Çok değişkenli analiz sonuçlarına göre 3.sınıfta öğrenim görme, sigara kullanmama ve daha önce psikiyatrik tanı almama anksiyete için; erkek cinsiyet, 3.sınıfta öğrenim görme , gelirin yeterli olması, sigara kullanmama ve daha önce psikiyatrik tanı almama depresyon için; 3.sınıfta öğrenim görme, gelirin yeterli olması, sigara kullanmama ve daha önce psikiyatrik tanı almama olumsuz benlik ve karşıtlık puanları için koruyucu bulunmuşken; erkek cinsiyet, 3.sınıfta öğrenim görme, sigara kullanmama ve daha önce psikiyatrik tanı almama bedenselleştirme için koruyucu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Üniversite öğrencilerinde ruhsal bozukluklar sık görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda öğrencilerin ruhsal durumları değerlendirilmiş ve ruhsal durumun pek çok faktör ile ilişkili olabileceği bulunmuştur. Üniversitedeki ilk yıllarında olan katılımcılarda daha fazla psikiyatrik belirti gözlenmektedir. Gelirini yetersiz bulan öğrencilerin depresyon, olumsuz benlik ve karşıtlık alt ölçek puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Literatürde çalışmamıza benzer şekilde finansal stabilitesi olmayan ailelerde yetişen öğrencilerde depresyon ve anksiyete semptomlarının görülme olasılığı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Depresyon ve bedenselleştirme için kadın cinsiyet riskli bulunmuştur. Literatürde tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde yapılan bir çalışmada da kadın öğrencilerde psikolojik morbidite riski erkeklere göre 3 kat daha riskli bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin öğrenim gördükleri sınıf, sigara kullanımları ve daha önce psikiyatrik tanı almış olmaları tüm alt faktörler ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Depresyon ve bedenselleştirme için ise kadın cinsiyet riskli olarak görünmektedir. Ayrıca gelir durumunu yetersiz bulma ile depresyon, olumsuz benlik ve karşıtlık durumları ilişkili bulunmuştur. Üniversite öğrencileri için psikolojik danışmanlık ve rehberlik hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesi problemlerin üstesinden gelmelerine yardımcı olabilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Koç M, Polat Ü. The mental health of university students. Journal of Human Sciences. 2006;3(2):1-22.
  • 2. Pedrelli P, Nyer M, Yeung A, Zulauf C, Wilens T. College students: mental health problems and treatment considerations. Academic Psychiatry. 2015;39(5):503-11.
  • 3. Hunt J, Eisenberg D. Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Journal of adolescent health. 2010;46(1):3-10.
  • 4. Blanco C, Okuda M, Wright C, Hasin DS, Grant BF, Liu S-M, et al. Mental health of college students and their non–collegeattending peers: results from the national epidemiologic study on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of general psychiatry. 2008;65(12):1429-37.
  • 5. Vaingankar JA, Rekhi G, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Chong SA. Age of onset of life-time mental disorders and treatment contact. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. 2013;48(5):835-43.
  • 6. Zisook S, Lesser I, Stewart JW, Wisniewski SR, Balasubramani G, Fava M, et al. Effect of age at onset on the course of major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;164(10):1539-46.
  • 7. Eisenberg D, Hunt J, Speer N. Mental health in American colleges and universities: variation across student subgroups and across campuses. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2013;201(1):60-7.
  • 8. Mitchison D, Hay P, Slewa-Younan S, Mond J. Time trends in population prevalence of eating disorder behaviors and their relationship to quality of life. PloS one. 2012;7(11):e48450.
  • 9. Eisenberg D, Nicklett EJ, Roeder K, Kirz NE. Eating disorder symptoms among college students: Prevalence, persistence, correlates, and treatment-seeking. Journal of American College Health. 2011;59(8):700-7.
  • 10. DuPaul GJ, Weyandt LL, O'Dell SM, Varejao M. College students with ADHD: Current status and future directions. Journal of attention disorders. 2009;13(3):234-50.
  • 11. Strandheim A, Bjerkeset O, Gunnell D, Bjørnelv S, Holmen TL, Bentzen N. Risk factors for suicidal thoughts in adolescence-a prospective cohort study: the Young-HUNT study. BMJ open. 2014;4(8):e005867.
  • 12. Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Axinn WG, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Green JG, et al. Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys. Psychological medicine. 2016;46(14):2955-70.
  • 13. Derogatis L, Spencer P. Brief symptom inventory: BSI. 1993. Pearson Upper Saddle River, NJ[22] Zabora, J, et al A new psychosocial screening instrument for use with cancer patients Psychosomatics. 2001;42(3):241-6.
  • 14. Sahin N, Durak A. Kisa Semptom Envanteri (Brief Symptom Invetory-BSI): Turk Gencleri Icin Uyarlanmasi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1994.
  • 15. Lipowski, Z. J. Somatization: the concept and its clinical application. Am J Psychiatry, 1988;145(11), 1358-68.
  • 16. Smith, T., W. Hostility and health: Current status of a psychosomatic hypothesis: A review. Health Psychology, 1992;11(3), 139.
  • 17. Savaşır I, Şahin NH. Bilişsel-davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler: Türk Psikologlar Derneği; 1997.
  • 18. Binbay, Tolga, et al. Psychiatric epidemiology in Turkey: main advances in recent studies and future directions. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi.2014; 25(4).
  • 19. Aştı N, Acar G, Bağcı H, Bağcı İ. Sağlık bakım profesyoneli olarak yetişecek öğrencilerin ruhsal durumları ve yaklaşımlar. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (İLKE). 2005;15(1):11.
  • 20. Yoldascan E, Ozenli Y, Kutlu O, Topal K, Bozkurt AI. Prevalence of obsessivecompulsive disorder in Turkish university students and assessment of associated factors. BMC Psychiatry. 2009;6(9):40.
  • 21. Association ACH. National college health assessment spring 2008 reference group data report (Abridged): the American college health association. Journal of American College Health. 2009;57(5):477-88.
  • 22. Organization WH. World Health Organization global burden of disease. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2007.
  • 23. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593-602.
  • 24. Kessler RC, Foster CL, Saunders WB, Stang PE. Social consequences of psychiatric disorders, I: Educational attainment. American journal of psychiatry. 1995;152(7): 1026-32.
  • 25. Kessler RC, Walters EE, Forthofer MS. The social consequences of psychiatric disorders, III: probability of marital stability. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998;155(8):1092-6.
  • 26. Thurber CA, Walton EA. Homesickness and adjustment in university students. Journal of American college health. 2012;60(5):415-9.
  • 27. Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Journal of affective disorders. 2015;173:90-6.
  • 28. Eisenberg D, Gollust SE, Golberstein E, Hefner JL. Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. American journal of orthopsychiatry. 2007;77(4):534-42.
  • 29. Jafari N, Loghmani A, Montazeri A. Mental health of medical students in different levels of training. International journal of preventive medicine. 2012;3(Suppl1):S107.
  • 30. Alparslan N, Turan Fn. Sağlik Yüksekokulu Ve Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi Ğrencilerinde Görülen Depresif Belirtiler Ve Bunu Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing. 2008;10(2):48-57.
  • 31. Gunay O, Akpinar F, Poyrazoglu S, Aslaner H. Prevalence of depression among Turkish University Students and related factors. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2011;9(3): 133-43.
  • 32. Tercyak KP, Goldman P, Smith A, Audrain J. Interacting effects of depression and tobacco advertising receptivity on adolescent smoking. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2002;27(2):145-54. 33. Goodman E, Capitman J. Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among teens. Pediatrics. 2000;106(4):748-55.
  • 34. Weiss JW, Mouttapa M, Cen S, Johnson CA, Unger J. Longitudinal effects of hostility, depression, and bullying on adolescent smoking initiation. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2011;48(6):591-6.
  • 35. Weiss JW, Palmer PH, Chou C-P, Mouttapa M, Johnson CA, Team CSCSR. Associationbetween psychological factors and adolescent smoking in seven cities in China. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2008;15(2):149-56.
  • 36. Consumption WECoPRtA, Organization WH. WHO Expert Committee on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption: Second Report: World Health Organization; 2007.
  • 37. Stover CS, Kiselica A. Hostility and substance use in relation to intimate partner violence and parenting among fathers. Aggressive behavior. 2015;41(3):205-13.
  • 38. Çam MO., Engin E, Uğuryol M. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Benlik Gelişimi Ve Güven Duygusu. Journal of International Social Research. 2017;10(51):501-7.
  • 39. Şahin NH, Batıgün A, Uzun C. Anksiyete bozukluğu: Kişilerarası tarz, kendilik algısı ve öfke açısından bir değerlendirme. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2011;12(2):107-13.
  • 40. Hayes M, Smith D, Cockrell D. Prevalence and correlates of musculoskeletal disorders among Australian dental hygiene students. International journal of dental hygiene. 2009;7(3):176-81.
  • 41. Khan M. Adverse effects of excessive mobile phone use. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 2008;21(4):289-93.
  • 42. Collier R. Imagined illnesses can cause real problems for medical students. Can Med Assoc; 2008.
  • 43. Demirel SA, Eğlence R, Kaçmaz E. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Ruhsal Durumlarinin Belirlenmesi. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi. 2011;1(1):18-29.
  • 44. Goodwin RD. Association between physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. Preventive medicine. 2003;36(6):698-703. 45. Brosnahan J, Steffen LM, Lytle L, Patterson J, Boostrom A. The relation between physical activity and mental health among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adolescents. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 2004;158(8):818-23.
  • 46. Taliaferro LA, Rienzo BA, Pigg RM, Miller MD, Dodd VJ. Associations between physical activity and reduced rates of hopelessness, depression, and suicidal behavior among college students. Journal of American College Health. 2009;57(4):427-36.
  • 47. Ngasa SN, Sama C-B, Dzekem BS, Nforchu KN, Tindong M, Aroke D, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among medical students in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. BMC psychiatry. 2017;17(1):216.
  • 48. Plurphanswat N, Kaestner R, Rodu B. The effect of smoking on mental health. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2017; 41(4):471-83.
  • 49. Velten J, Bieda A, Scholten S, Wannemüller A, Margraf J. Lifestyle choices and mental health: a longitudinal survey with German and Chinese students. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):632.

EVALUATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS AND RELATED FACTORS OF STUDENTS ON HEALTH SCIENCES CAMPUS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 443 - 460, 02.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.701164

Öz

It was aimed to determine the current mental symptoms of students at university and their possible relationships with sociodemographic factors. The universe of this cross-sectional study is the undergraduate students at university in the 2018-2019 academic year. Our study was carried out with 814 participants by using stratified random sampling method in proportion to the number of students from each faculty by stratifying according to the class level. Data were collected with a questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) filled by the participants. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for data analysis. Multiple linear regression was used in multivariate analysis. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. 70.5% (n = 574) of the participants were women and the average age was 21.04 ± 1.64. Of the participants 38.5% (n=312) were from the Faculty of Medicine, 39% (n = 316) from the Faculty of Health Sciences and 22.5% (n=182) from the Faculty of Dentistry. The distribution of the first, second, third, and fourth grades were 37.0% (n=297), 33.7% (n=270), 28.4% (n=228) and 0.9% (n=7), respectively. Students’ living place and their class were found to be related to anxiety status; female gender, inadequate income, and starting college were found to be related to depression score (p<0.05). The negative self-perception and hostility scores of those who find the income inadequate and those who are 1st-grade students were higher (p<0.05). Somatization scores of women and 1st-grade students were also significantly higher (p<0.05). According to the results of multivariate analysis, 3rd-grade education, not smoking, and not having a psychiatric diagnosis were protective for anxiety; male gender, 3rd-grade education, sufficient income, not smoking, and not having a psychiatric diagnosis were protective for depression. Besides, 3rd-grade education, to have sufficient income, not to smoke, and not to have a psychiatric diagnosis were protective for negative self-perception and hostility scores. Male gender, being 3rd grade, not smoking, and not to have psychiatric diagnosis were found protective for somatization. Mental disorders are
common among university students. In our study, the mental states of the students were evaluated and it was found that the mental state could be related to many factors. More psychiatric symptoms are observed in the participants in their first year at the university. Depression, negative self, and hostility subscale scores of the students who found the income insufficient were found to be significantly higher. Similar to our study, students who were raised in families without financial stability were more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety. Female sex was found risky for depression and somatization. In a study conducted by medical school students, the risk of psychological morbidity in female students was found to be 3 times more than men. Being 1st-grade student, smoking, and previous psychiatric diagnosis were found to be related to all sub-factors. For depression and somatization, the female gender appears to be risky. Also, depression, negative self, and hostility situations were found to be related with income. Improving psychological counseling and guidance services for university
students can help them overcome problems. 

Kaynakça

  • 1. Koç M, Polat Ü. The mental health of university students. Journal of Human Sciences. 2006;3(2):1-22.
  • 2. Pedrelli P, Nyer M, Yeung A, Zulauf C, Wilens T. College students: mental health problems and treatment considerations. Academic Psychiatry. 2015;39(5):503-11.
  • 3. Hunt J, Eisenberg D. Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. Journal of adolescent health. 2010;46(1):3-10.
  • 4. Blanco C, Okuda M, Wright C, Hasin DS, Grant BF, Liu S-M, et al. Mental health of college students and their non–collegeattending peers: results from the national epidemiologic study on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of general psychiatry. 2008;65(12):1429-37.
  • 5. Vaingankar JA, Rekhi G, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Chong SA. Age of onset of life-time mental disorders and treatment contact. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. 2013;48(5):835-43.
  • 6. Zisook S, Lesser I, Stewart JW, Wisniewski SR, Balasubramani G, Fava M, et al. Effect of age at onset on the course of major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;164(10):1539-46.
  • 7. Eisenberg D, Hunt J, Speer N. Mental health in American colleges and universities: variation across student subgroups and across campuses. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2013;201(1):60-7.
  • 8. Mitchison D, Hay P, Slewa-Younan S, Mond J. Time trends in population prevalence of eating disorder behaviors and their relationship to quality of life. PloS one. 2012;7(11):e48450.
  • 9. Eisenberg D, Nicklett EJ, Roeder K, Kirz NE. Eating disorder symptoms among college students: Prevalence, persistence, correlates, and treatment-seeking. Journal of American College Health. 2011;59(8):700-7.
  • 10. DuPaul GJ, Weyandt LL, O'Dell SM, Varejao M. College students with ADHD: Current status and future directions. Journal of attention disorders. 2009;13(3):234-50.
  • 11. Strandheim A, Bjerkeset O, Gunnell D, Bjørnelv S, Holmen TL, Bentzen N. Risk factors for suicidal thoughts in adolescence-a prospective cohort study: the Young-HUNT study. BMJ open. 2014;4(8):e005867.
  • 12. Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Axinn WG, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Green JG, et al. Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys. Psychological medicine. 2016;46(14):2955-70.
  • 13. Derogatis L, Spencer P. Brief symptom inventory: BSI. 1993. Pearson Upper Saddle River, NJ[22] Zabora, J, et al A new psychosocial screening instrument for use with cancer patients Psychosomatics. 2001;42(3):241-6.
  • 14. Sahin N, Durak A. Kisa Semptom Envanteri (Brief Symptom Invetory-BSI): Turk Gencleri Icin Uyarlanmasi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1994.
  • 15. Lipowski, Z. J. Somatization: the concept and its clinical application. Am J Psychiatry, 1988;145(11), 1358-68.
  • 16. Smith, T., W. Hostility and health: Current status of a psychosomatic hypothesis: A review. Health Psychology, 1992;11(3), 139.
  • 17. Savaşır I, Şahin NH. Bilişsel-davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler: Türk Psikologlar Derneği; 1997.
  • 18. Binbay, Tolga, et al. Psychiatric epidemiology in Turkey: main advances in recent studies and future directions. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi.2014; 25(4).
  • 19. Aştı N, Acar G, Bağcı H, Bağcı İ. Sağlık bakım profesyoneli olarak yetişecek öğrencilerin ruhsal durumları ve yaklaşımlar. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (İLKE). 2005;15(1):11.
  • 20. Yoldascan E, Ozenli Y, Kutlu O, Topal K, Bozkurt AI. Prevalence of obsessivecompulsive disorder in Turkish university students and assessment of associated factors. BMC Psychiatry. 2009;6(9):40.
  • 21. Association ACH. National college health assessment spring 2008 reference group data report (Abridged): the American college health association. Journal of American College Health. 2009;57(5):477-88.
  • 22. Organization WH. World Health Organization global burden of disease. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2007.
  • 23. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593-602.
  • 24. Kessler RC, Foster CL, Saunders WB, Stang PE. Social consequences of psychiatric disorders, I: Educational attainment. American journal of psychiatry. 1995;152(7): 1026-32.
  • 25. Kessler RC, Walters EE, Forthofer MS. The social consequences of psychiatric disorders, III: probability of marital stability. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998;155(8):1092-6.
  • 26. Thurber CA, Walton EA. Homesickness and adjustment in university students. Journal of American college health. 2012;60(5):415-9.
  • 27. Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Journal of affective disorders. 2015;173:90-6.
  • 28. Eisenberg D, Gollust SE, Golberstein E, Hefner JL. Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. American journal of orthopsychiatry. 2007;77(4):534-42.
  • 29. Jafari N, Loghmani A, Montazeri A. Mental health of medical students in different levels of training. International journal of preventive medicine. 2012;3(Suppl1):S107.
  • 30. Alparslan N, Turan Fn. Sağlik Yüksekokulu Ve Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi Ğrencilerinde Görülen Depresif Belirtiler Ve Bunu Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing. 2008;10(2):48-57.
  • 31. Gunay O, Akpinar F, Poyrazoglu S, Aslaner H. Prevalence of depression among Turkish University Students and related factors. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2011;9(3): 133-43.
  • 32. Tercyak KP, Goldman P, Smith A, Audrain J. Interacting effects of depression and tobacco advertising receptivity on adolescent smoking. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2002;27(2):145-54. 33. Goodman E, Capitman J. Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among teens. Pediatrics. 2000;106(4):748-55.
  • 34. Weiss JW, Mouttapa M, Cen S, Johnson CA, Unger J. Longitudinal effects of hostility, depression, and bullying on adolescent smoking initiation. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2011;48(6):591-6.
  • 35. Weiss JW, Palmer PH, Chou C-P, Mouttapa M, Johnson CA, Team CSCSR. Associationbetween psychological factors and adolescent smoking in seven cities in China. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2008;15(2):149-56.
  • 36. Consumption WECoPRtA, Organization WH. WHO Expert Committee on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption: Second Report: World Health Organization; 2007.
  • 37. Stover CS, Kiselica A. Hostility and substance use in relation to intimate partner violence and parenting among fathers. Aggressive behavior. 2015;41(3):205-13.
  • 38. Çam MO., Engin E, Uğuryol M. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Benlik Gelişimi Ve Güven Duygusu. Journal of International Social Research. 2017;10(51):501-7.
  • 39. Şahin NH, Batıgün A, Uzun C. Anksiyete bozukluğu: Kişilerarası tarz, kendilik algısı ve öfke açısından bir değerlendirme. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2011;12(2):107-13.
  • 40. Hayes M, Smith D, Cockrell D. Prevalence and correlates of musculoskeletal disorders among Australian dental hygiene students. International journal of dental hygiene. 2009;7(3):176-81.
  • 41. Khan M. Adverse effects of excessive mobile phone use. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. 2008;21(4):289-93.
  • 42. Collier R. Imagined illnesses can cause real problems for medical students. Can Med Assoc; 2008.
  • 43. Demirel SA, Eğlence R, Kaçmaz E. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Ruhsal Durumlarinin Belirlenmesi. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi. 2011;1(1):18-29.
  • 44. Goodwin RD. Association between physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. Preventive medicine. 2003;36(6):698-703. 45. Brosnahan J, Steffen LM, Lytle L, Patterson J, Boostrom A. The relation between physical activity and mental health among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adolescents. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 2004;158(8):818-23.
  • 46. Taliaferro LA, Rienzo BA, Pigg RM, Miller MD, Dodd VJ. Associations between physical activity and reduced rates of hopelessness, depression, and suicidal behavior among college students. Journal of American College Health. 2009;57(4):427-36.
  • 47. Ngasa SN, Sama C-B, Dzekem BS, Nforchu KN, Tindong M, Aroke D, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among medical students in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. BMC psychiatry. 2017;17(1):216.
  • 48. Plurphanswat N, Kaestner R, Rodu B. The effect of smoking on mental health. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2017; 41(4):471-83.
  • 49. Velten J, Bieda A, Scholten S, Wannemüller A, Margraf J. Lifestyle choices and mental health: a longitudinal survey with German and Chinese students. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):632.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Halk Sağlığı, Çevre Sağlığı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Zeynep Meva Altaş 0000-0003-0475-8946

Cihad Kaya Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5592-8741

Furkan Özel 0000-0003-2856-9525

Ahmet Topuzoglu 0000-0002-7497-548X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Mart 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Altaş ZM, Kaya C, Özel F, Topuzoglu A. SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ALANINDA ÖĞRENİM GÖREN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE RUHSAL BOZUKLUKLARIN VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2020;5(3):443-60.

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