BİRİNCİ BASAMAK SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINDA PSİKOLOJİK SIKINTI VE COVID-19 KORKUSU

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 194 - 205, 31.05.2023

Ömer Ataç Mehmet Uğurcan Turhan Seda Demiray Murat Altay Sinem Süer Adem Türk Duygu Türk Osman Hayran

https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1199121

Öz

Birinci basamak sağlık çalışanları, pandemiyle ön safta mücadele eden kişiler olarak ruh sağlığı sorunları açısından risk altındadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarında psikolojik stres ve COVID-19 korkusunun incelenmesidir. Kesitsel türdeki bu çalışma Antalya ilinde görev yapan birinci basamak sağlık çalışanları arasında yapılmıştır. Veriler, katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) ve COVID-19 Korku Ölçeği olmak üzere üç bölümden oluşan bir anket formuyla kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların %65,7'si kadın, %40,4'ü hemşire-ebedir. Pandemi sırasında katılımcıların %42,2'sinin görev yeri değişmiştir. Kadınların COVID-19 Korku Ölçeği, GSI ve PST puanları erkeklere göre yüksektir (tüm karşılaştırmalarda p<0,001). Pandemide görev yeri değişen katılımcılar, görev yeri değişmeyenlere göre tüm ölçeklerde daha yüksek puanlara sahiptir (tüm karşılaştırmalarda p<0,05). 65 yaş ve üstü kişilerle aynı evde yaşayanlarda COVID-19 korkusu, GSI ve PSDI puanları yaşamayanlara göre yüksektir (tüm karşılaştırmalarda p<0,05). KSE ile COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği puanları arasında orta düzeyde ve anlamlı bir ilişki vardır (r=0,411 ve p<0,001). Birinci basamakta görev yapan sağlık çalışanları, COVID-19 salgını sırasında hastalığa yakalanma korkusunun yanı sıra ruh sağlığı sorunları açısından risk altındadır. COVID-19 korkusu ile ruh sağlığı belirtilerinin görülme sıklığı arasındaki pozitif ilişki, yapılacak iyileştirici müdahalelerin her iki konuyu da olumlu etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık çalışanları, COVID-19 korkusu, kısa semptom envanteri, pandemi

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND FEAR OF COVID-19 IN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE WORKERS

Öz

Primary healthcare workers as the front-line fighters against the pandemic have high risk for mental problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictors of psychological distress and the fear of COVID-19 in the primary health care workers. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the primary health care workers in Antalya. The data was collected using a self-administered hardcopy questionnaire which included three parts as participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. 65.7% of the participants are female and 40.4% are nurses-midwives. 42.2% of the participants’ departments were changed during the pandemic. Fear of COVID-19 Scale, GSI and PST scores of the females are significantly higher than males’ (all comparisons, p<0.001). Participants who changed their departments during the pandemic have significantly higher scores in all scales than who did not (all comparisons, p <0.05). Fear of COVID-19, GSI and PSDI scores of those who live in the same house with people aged 65 and over are significantly higher than those who do not (all comparisons, p<0.05). There is a moderate and significant correlation (r=0.411 and p<0.001) between the BSI scores and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The front-line healthcare workers are at high risk of psychological distress and the fear of being infected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The positive correlation between fear of COVID-19 and frequency of psychiatric symptoms is concluded as that the remedial interventions in one can also have a positive effect on the other.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Healthcare workers, fear of COVID-19, BSI

Kaynakça

• Kaya B. Effects of pandemic on mental health. Turkish J Clin Psychiatry. 2020;23(2):123–4.
• Ataç Ö, Sezerol MA, Taşçı Y, Hayran O. Anxiety and Insomnia Among Healthcare Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Derg. 2020;18:47–57.
• Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress after SARS. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11(8):1297–300.
• Goulia P, Mantas C, Dimitroula D, Mantis D, Hyphantis T. General hospital staff worries, perceived sufficiency of information and associated psychological distress during the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10(1):322.
• Li L, Wan C, Ding R, Liu Y, Chen J, Wu Z, et al. Mental distress among Liberian medical staff working at the China Ebola Treatment Unit: A cross sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015;13(1):1–6.
• Temsah MH, Al-Sohime F, Alamro N, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Hasan K, Jamal A, et al. The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country. J Infect Public Health [Internet]. 2020;13(6):877–82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.021
• Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Balderson KE, Bennett JP, Borgundvaag B, Evans S, et al. Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(12):1924–32.
• Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:11–7.
• Hacimusalar Y, Kahve Civan A, Yasar AB, Aydin MS. Anxiety and hopelessness levels in COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study of healthcare professionals and other community sample in Turkey. J Psychiatr Res. 2020;129(January):181–8.
• Steimer T. The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2002;4(3):231–49.
• Mosheva M, Hertz-Palmor N, Dorman Ilan S, Matalon N, Pessach IM, Afek A, et al. Anxiety, pandemic-related stress and resilience among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depress Anxiety. 2020;37(10):965–71.
• García-Reyna B, Castillo-García GD, Barbosa - Camacho FJ, Cervantes - Cardona GA, Cervantes-Pérez E, Torres-Mendoza BM, et al. Fear of COVID-19 Scale for Hospital Staff in Regional Hospitals in Mexico: a Brief Report. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;
• Derogatis L. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual. 4th ed. Minneapolis: National Computer Systems; 1993.
• Hisli Şahin N, Durak A. Psychometric Properties of Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI in Turkish people. Turkish J Psychol. 1994;9(31):44–56.
• Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020.
• Ladikli N, Bahadır E, Yumuşak FN, Akkuzu H, Karaman G, Türkkan Z. The Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Int J Soc Sci. 2020;3(2):71–80.
• Ataç Ö, Uçar A, Taşdemir M. COVID-19; What is it; Epidemiology, Source of Infection and Transmission Routes, What are the Risk Groups? In: Yiğit Ö, editor. ENT and COVID-19. 1st ed. Ankara: Turkish Clinics; 2020. p. 1–8.
• The International Council of Nurses. ICN calls for data on healthcare worker infection rates and deaths [Internet]. ICN. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-calls-data-h ealthcare-worker-infection-rates-and-deaths
• Simione L, Gnagnarella C. Differences Between Health Workers and General Population in Risk Perception, Behaviors, and Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 Spread in Italy. Front Psychol. 2020;11(September).
• Cevizci O, Müezzin EE. Investigation of the Psychological Symptoms and Psychological Resistance in Health Professionals. Cyprus Turkish J Psychiatry Psychol. 2019;1(3):166–72.
• Liu Z, Wu J, Shi X, Ma Y, Ma X, Teng Z, et al. Mental health status of healthcare workers in China for COVID-19 epidemic. Ann Glob Heal. 2020;86(1):1–8.
• Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw open. 2020;3(3):e203976.
• Olff M. Sex and gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder: an update. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2017;8(sup4: 1351204).
• Cabezas-Rodríguez A, Utzet M, Bacigalupe A. Which are the intermediate determinants of gender inequalities in mental health?: A scoping review. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(8):1005–25.
• Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(45):242–50.
• Bohlken J, Schömig F, Lemke MR, Pumberger M, Riedel-Heller SG. COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress Experience of Healthcare Workers - A Short Current Review. Psychiatr Prax [Internet]. 2020;47:190–7. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1159-5551
• Duggal M, Dahiya N, Kankaria A, Chaudhary M, Bachani D. Restructuring the Healthcare System to Protect Healthcare Personnel Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Heal. 2020;8(December):6–9.
• De Filippis G, Cavazzana L, Gimigliano A, Piacenza M, Vimercati S. Covid-19 pandemic: A frontline hospital reorganization to cope with therapeutic and diagnostic emergency. Pharmacol Res. 2020;161(January).
• Jordan RE, Adab P, Cheng KK. Covid-19: Risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ [Internet]. 2020;368 (March):1–2. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1136/bmj.m1198
• Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G, et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24.
• Tan BYQ, Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Jing M, Goh Y, Yeo LLL, et al. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Singapore. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Aug;173(4):317–20.
• Monterrosa-Castro A, Redondo-Mendoza V, Mercado-Lara M. Psychosocial factors associated with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in general practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Investig Med. 2020;68(7):1228–34.