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COVID-19, VARIANTS AND UPDATED VACCINES

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 393 - 399, 29.10.2023

Öz

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that can have serious consequences, including hospitalization and mortality. The elderly and people with underlying medical conditions are at particularly high risk of serious consequences. SARS-CoV-2 appears to continue to have the ability to acquire mutations that facilitate its continued circulation at unpredictable times throughout the year. The emergence of variants demonstrates the importance of constant vigilance against SARS-CoV-2 by strengthening primary and secondary healthcare surveillance systems to detect COVID-19 transmission and disease severity. If possible, all SARS-CoV-2 positive samples received should be sequenced and reported to facilitate regular monitoring of circulating variants. The World Health Organization is currently monitoring several SARS-CoV-2 variants, including three variants of interest and seven variants under monitoring. For better protection against the serious consequences of COVID-19, the COVID-19 vaccine content needs to be updated and new guidelines for the administration of vaccines have been developed. This review aims to summarize the variants in circulation for COVID-19, the updated vaccine content based on these variants, and the target groups for vaccination. The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of continued monitoring of the disease.

Kaynakça

  • 1- WHO. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. [cited 2023 Oct 4] Available from: https://covid19.who.int.
  • 2- WHO. COVID-19 Epidemiological Update Edition 159 published 29 September 2023. [cited 2023 Oct 1] Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/covid-19-epidemiological-update---29-september-2023
  • 3- WHO. COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update Edition 158 published 1 September 2023. [cited 2023 Sep 25] Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---1-september-2023
  • 4- UK, Health Security Agency. COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report Week 23. [Internet]. (June 8, 2023) [cited 2023 Oct 2]
  • 5- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Epidemiological update: COVID-19 transmission in the EU/EEA, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and public health considerations for Autumn 2023. [cited 2023 Sep 22] Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/epidemiological-update-covid-19-transmission-eueea-sars-cov-2-variants-and-public
  • 6- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. WHO/Europe, EC and ECDC urge eligible groups to get vaccinated or boosted to save lives this autumn and winter 2023. [cited 2023 Oct 10] Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/vulnerable-vaccinate-protecting-unprotected-covid-19-and-influenza
  • 7- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Updated COVID-19 Vaccines for Use in the United States Beginning in Fall 2023. [cited 2023 Sep 30] Available from: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/updated-covid-19-vaccines-use-uni t e d - s t a t e s - b e g i n n i n g - f a l l - 2 0 2 308/10/2023
  • 8- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Takes Action on Updated mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines to Better Protect Against Currently Circulating Variants. [cited 2023 Oct 1] Available from:https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/press-announcements/fda-takes-action-updated-mrna-covid-19-vaccines-better-protect-against-currently-circulating
  • 9- European Medicines Agency. ECDC-EMA statement on updating COVID-19 vaccines composition for new SARS-CoV-2 virus variants. [cited 2023 Oct 4] Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/ecdc-ema-statement-updating-covid-19-vaccines-composition-new-sars-cov-2-virus-variants_en.pdf
  • 10-WHO. Interim recommendations for the use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. [cited 2023 Oct 6] Available from: https://www.who.int/groups/strategic-advisory-group-of-experts-on-immunization/sage-newsroom
  • 11- Chalkias S, McGhee N, Whatley JL, Essink B, Brosz A, Tomassini JE, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of XBB.1.5-Containing mRNA Vaccines doi:10.1101/2023.08.22.23293434.
  • 12-Lenharo M. COVID boosters are back: what scientists say about whether to get one. Nature. 2023. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02840-x.
  • 13-Watanabe A, Iwagami M, Yasuhara J, Takagi H, Kuno T. Protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination against long COVID syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2023;41(11):1783-1790. doi:10.1016/j. vaccine.2023.02.008.
  • 14- USA, Center for Disease Control. Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States. [cited 2023 Oct 4] Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/covid-19-vaccinesus.html
  • 15- Jian F, Yang S, Yu Y, Song W, Yisimayi A, Chen X, et al. Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineages on receptor-binding domain 455-456 enhances antibody evasion and ACE2 binding. doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555211.

COVID-19, VARYANTLAR VE GÜNCELLENEN AŞILAR

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 393 - 399, 29.10.2023

Öz

SARS-CoV-2, hastaneye yatış ve mortalite de dahil olmak üzere ciddi sonuçları olabilen bir virüstür. Özellikle yaşlılar ve altta yatan tıbbi rahatsızlıkları olan kişilerin ciddi sonuçlarla karşılaşma riski yüksektir. SARS-CoV-2’nin, yıl boyunca öngörülemeyen zamanlarda dolaşımının devam etmesini kolaylaştıran mutasyonlar edinme yeteneğine sahip olmaya devam ettiği görülmektedir. Varyantların ortaya çıkışı, COVID-19 bulaşı ve hastalık şiddetini tespit etmek için birinci ve ikinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde sürveyans sistemlerini güçlendirerek SARS-CoV-2'ye karşı sürekli tetikte olmanın önemini göstermektedir. Mümkünse alınan tüm SARS-CoV-2 pozitif örnekler, dolaşımdaki varyantların düzenli olarak izlenmesini kolaylaştırmak için sıralanmalı ve rapor edilmelidir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü şu anda, ilgi çeken üç varyant ve izlenmekte olan yedi varyant dahil olmak üzere çeşitli SARS- CoV-2 varyantlarını izlemektedir. COVID-19’un ciddi sonuçlarına karşı daha iyi koruma sağlayabilmek için COVID-19 aşı içeriğinin güncellenmesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkmış ve aşıların uygulanması için yeni rehberler geliştirilmiştir. Derlemenin amacı, COVID-19 için dolaşımdaki varyantları, bu varyantlar değerlendirilerek hazırlanan güncellenen aşı içeriğini ve aşılamadaki hedef grupları özetleyebilmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü hastalığın izlenmesinin devam edilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1- WHO. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. [cited 2023 Oct 4] Available from: https://covid19.who.int.
  • 2- WHO. COVID-19 Epidemiological Update Edition 159 published 29 September 2023. [cited 2023 Oct 1] Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/covid-19-epidemiological-update---29-september-2023
  • 3- WHO. COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update Edition 158 published 1 September 2023. [cited 2023 Sep 25] Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---1-september-2023
  • 4- UK, Health Security Agency. COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report Week 23. [Internet]. (June 8, 2023) [cited 2023 Oct 2]
  • 5- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Epidemiological update: COVID-19 transmission in the EU/EEA, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and public health considerations for Autumn 2023. [cited 2023 Sep 22] Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/epidemiological-update-covid-19-transmission-eueea-sars-cov-2-variants-and-public
  • 6- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. WHO/Europe, EC and ECDC urge eligible groups to get vaccinated or boosted to save lives this autumn and winter 2023. [cited 2023 Oct 10] Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/vulnerable-vaccinate-protecting-unprotected-covid-19-and-influenza
  • 7- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Updated COVID-19 Vaccines for Use in the United States Beginning in Fall 2023. [cited 2023 Sep 30] Available from: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/updated-covid-19-vaccines-use-uni t e d - s t a t e s - b e g i n n i n g - f a l l - 2 0 2 308/10/2023
  • 8- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Takes Action on Updated mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines to Better Protect Against Currently Circulating Variants. [cited 2023 Oct 1] Available from:https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/press-announcements/fda-takes-action-updated-mrna-covid-19-vaccines-better-protect-against-currently-circulating
  • 9- European Medicines Agency. ECDC-EMA statement on updating COVID-19 vaccines composition for new SARS-CoV-2 virus variants. [cited 2023 Oct 4] Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/ecdc-ema-statement-updating-covid-19-vaccines-composition-new-sars-cov-2-virus-variants_en.pdf
  • 10-WHO. Interim recommendations for the use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. [cited 2023 Oct 6] Available from: https://www.who.int/groups/strategic-advisory-group-of-experts-on-immunization/sage-newsroom
  • 11- Chalkias S, McGhee N, Whatley JL, Essink B, Brosz A, Tomassini JE, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of XBB.1.5-Containing mRNA Vaccines doi:10.1101/2023.08.22.23293434.
  • 12-Lenharo M. COVID boosters are back: what scientists say about whether to get one. Nature. 2023. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-02840-x.
  • 13-Watanabe A, Iwagami M, Yasuhara J, Takagi H, Kuno T. Protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination against long COVID syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2023;41(11):1783-1790. doi:10.1016/j. vaccine.2023.02.008.
  • 14- USA, Center for Disease Control. Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States. [cited 2023 Oct 4] Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/covid-19-vaccinesus.html
  • 15- Jian F, Yang S, Yu Y, Song W, Yisimayi A, Chen X, et al. Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineages on receptor-binding domain 455-456 enhances antibody evasion and ACE2 binding. doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555211.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Halk Sağlığı (Diğer)
Bölüm Diğer
Yazarlar

Onur Er 0009-0006-2185-1105

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 25 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Er O. COVID-19, VARYANTLAR VE GÜNCELLENEN AŞILAR. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2023;8(3):393-9.

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