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Türkiye'de Fiziksel İnaktiviteye Atfedilen Bulaşıcı Olmayan Hastalık Yükü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 1 - 7, 04.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1566200

Öz

Fiziksel inaktivite, tüm dünyada bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar (BOH) için en önemli risk faktörlerindendir. Türkiye, %44,4’lük fiziksel inaktivite prevalansı ile Avrupa’da üçüncü sırada yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de fiziksel inaktiviteye atfedilen koroner kalp hastalığı, tip 2 diyabet (DM), inme, demans, depresyon ve hipertansiyon vaka sayısı, mortalitesi ve engelliliğe göre ayarlanmış yaşam yıllarını belirlemektir.
Fiziksel inaktivite prevalansı ile BOH’ların insidansları, mortaliteleri ve ve engelliliğe göre ayarlanmış yaşam yılları verileri ulusal çalışmalardan ve Küresel Hastalık Yükü çalışmasından elde edilmiştir. Rölatif riskler (RR) yakın zamanda yapılan meta-analizlerden alınmıştır. Topluma atfedilebilir fraksiyonlar Levin’in denklemine dayanarak hesaplanmıştır. Fiziksel inaktivitenin topluma atfedilebilir fraksiyonları demans için %16,7, depresyon için %11,6, inme için %9,5, KKH için %8,8, tip 2 DM için %7,1 ve hipertansiyon için %3,1’di. BOH nedenli ölümlerin fiziksel aktiviteye atfedilebilirliği %3,7 (hipertansiyon) ile %17,5 (demans); engelliliğe göre ayarlanmış yaşam yıllarınının fiziksel aktiviteye atfedilebilirliği %3,4 (hipertansiyon) ile %17,1 (demans) aralığında değişmekteydi. NCDs examined in this study were attributable to insufficient physical activity. Kadınlarda ve artan yaşla fiziksel inaktiviteye atfedilen BOH fraksiyonu artmaktaydı. Türkiye’de BOH yükünü azaltmak için fiziksel aktivitenin desteklenmesine ve özellikle kadınlar ve yaşlılara odaklanan müdahalelere ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
  • World Health Organization. Physical activity n.d. https://www.who.int/health-topics/physical-activity#tab=tab_2 (accessed October 6, 2024).
  • Santos AC, Willumsen J, Meheus F, Ilbawi A, Bull FC. The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: a population-attributable fraction analysis. The Lancet Global Health 2023;11:e32–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00464-8
  • Blair SN. Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st Century. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2007;10:29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(07)70066-X
  • World Health Organization. WHO global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030. Seventy-First World Health Assembly: 2018.
  • World Health Organization. Global levels of physical inactivity in adults, off track for 2030. Geneva: 2024.
  • World Health Organization. The Global Health Observatory https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/indicator-groups/insufficient-physical-activity-indicator-group (accessed October 6, 2024).
  • World Health Organization. WHO European Regional Obesity: Report 2022. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe; 2022.
  • Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Health. Action Plan for the Prevention of Adult and Childhood Obesity and Physical Activity 2019-2023. Ankara: 2019.
  • Katzmarzyk PT, Friedenreich C, Shiroma EJ, Lee I-M. Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. Br J Sports Med 2022;56:101–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103640
  • Lee I-M, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet 2012;380:219–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
  • 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Washington, DC: U.S Department of Health and Human Services; 2018.
  • S Uner, M Balcilar, T Erguder. National Household Health Survey in Turkey, Prevelance of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors, 2017. Ankara: World Health Organization; 2018.
  • GBD Results. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation n.d. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results (accessed July 18, 2024).
  • Ministry of Health. Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors in Türkiye: Cohort Study. Ankara: 2021.
  • Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT, Mumford JE, Afshin A, Estep K, et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. BMJ 2016;354:i3857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3857
  • Liu X, Zhang D, Liu Y, Sun X, Han C, Wang B, et al. Dose–Response Association Between Physical Activity and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Hypertension 2017;69:813–20. https://doi. org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08994
  • Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Silva ES, et al. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. AJP 2018;175:631–48. https://doi. org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194
  • Guure CB, Ibrahim NA, Adam MB, Said SM. Impact of Physical Activity on Cognitive Decline, Dementia, and Its Subtypes: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. BioMed Research International 2017;2017:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9016924
  • Levin ML. The Occurrence of Lung Cancer in Man. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum 1953:531–41.
  • Feter N, Leite JS, Da Silva LS, Cassuriaga J, De Paula D, Lopes GW, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on population attributable fraction for physical inactivity to dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2023;19:4688–704. https://doi. org/10.1002/alz.13417
  • Al Tunaiji H, Davis JC, Mackey DC, Khan KM. Population attributable fraction of type 2 diabetes due to physical inactivity in adults: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2014;14:469. https://doi. org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-469
  • Moreno-Llamas A, García-Mayor J, De La Cruz-Sánchez E. Gender inequality is associated with gender differences and women participation in physical activity. Journal of Public Health 2022;44:e519–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab354
  • Sfm C, Van Cauwenberg J, Maenhout L, Cardon G, Lambert EV, Van Dyck D. Inequality in physical activity, global trends by income inequality and gender in adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020;17:142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01039-x
  • Luque-Casado A, Mayo X, Lavín-Pérez AM, Jiménez A, Del Villar F. Understanding Behavioral Regulation Towards Physical Activity Participation: Do We Need a Paradigm Shift to Close the Gender Gap?Sustainability 2021;13:1683.

The Burden of non-Communicable Diseases Attributable to Physical Inactivity in Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 1 - 7, 04.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1566200

Öz

Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. In Türkiye, the prevalence of physical inactivity is notably high, ranking third in Europe, with 44.4% of the population classified as physically inactive. This study aims to estimate the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes (DM), stroke, dementia, depression, and hypertension cases, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to physical inactivity in Türkiye. Data on physical inactivity prevalence and NCDs’ incidences, mortalities and DALYs were sourced from recent national surveys and Global Burden of Disease study. Relative risks (RRs) were obtained from global meta-analyses. PAFs were calculated using Levin’s equation. PAFs of physical inactivity were 16.7% for dementia, 11.6% for depression, 9.5% for stroke, 8.8% for CHD, 7.1% for type 2 diabetes and 3.1% for hypertension. Between 3.7% (for hypertension) and 17,5% (for dementia) of NCD deaths and 3.4% (for hypertension) and 17.1% (for dementia) of the DALYs due to NCDs examined in this study were attributable to insufficient physical activity. The burden was more significant among women and older ages.This study emphasizes the need for promoting physical activity and implement interventions focusing particularly on women and the elderly to reduce the burden of NCDs in Türkiye.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
  • World Health Organization. Physical activity n.d. https://www.who.int/health-topics/physical-activity#tab=tab_2 (accessed October 6, 2024).
  • Santos AC, Willumsen J, Meheus F, Ilbawi A, Bull FC. The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: a population-attributable fraction analysis. The Lancet Global Health 2023;11:e32–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00464-8
  • Blair SN. Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st Century. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2007;10:29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(07)70066-X
  • World Health Organization. WHO global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030. Seventy-First World Health Assembly: 2018.
  • World Health Organization. Global levels of physical inactivity in adults, off track for 2030. Geneva: 2024.
  • World Health Organization. The Global Health Observatory https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/indicator-groups/insufficient-physical-activity-indicator-group (accessed October 6, 2024).
  • World Health Organization. WHO European Regional Obesity: Report 2022. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe; 2022.
  • Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Health. Action Plan for the Prevention of Adult and Childhood Obesity and Physical Activity 2019-2023. Ankara: 2019.
  • Katzmarzyk PT, Friedenreich C, Shiroma EJ, Lee I-M. Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. Br J Sports Med 2022;56:101–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103640
  • Lee I-M, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet 2012;380:219–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
  • 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Washington, DC: U.S Department of Health and Human Services; 2018.
  • S Uner, M Balcilar, T Erguder. National Household Health Survey in Turkey, Prevelance of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors, 2017. Ankara: World Health Organization; 2018.
  • GBD Results. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation n.d. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results (accessed July 18, 2024).
  • Ministry of Health. Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors in Türkiye: Cohort Study. Ankara: 2021.
  • Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT, Mumford JE, Afshin A, Estep K, et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. BMJ 2016;354:i3857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3857
  • Liu X, Zhang D, Liu Y, Sun X, Han C, Wang B, et al. Dose–Response Association Between Physical Activity and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Hypertension 2017;69:813–20. https://doi. org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08994
  • Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Silva ES, et al. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. AJP 2018;175:631–48. https://doi. org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194
  • Guure CB, Ibrahim NA, Adam MB, Said SM. Impact of Physical Activity on Cognitive Decline, Dementia, and Its Subtypes: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. BioMed Research International 2017;2017:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9016924
  • Levin ML. The Occurrence of Lung Cancer in Man. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum 1953:531–41.
  • Feter N, Leite JS, Da Silva LS, Cassuriaga J, De Paula D, Lopes GW, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on population attributable fraction for physical inactivity to dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2023;19:4688–704. https://doi. org/10.1002/alz.13417
  • Al Tunaiji H, Davis JC, Mackey DC, Khan KM. Population attributable fraction of type 2 diabetes due to physical inactivity in adults: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2014;14:469. https://doi. org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-469
  • Moreno-Llamas A, García-Mayor J, De La Cruz-Sánchez E. Gender inequality is associated with gender differences and women participation in physical activity. Journal of Public Health 2022;44:e519–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab354
  • Sfm C, Van Cauwenberg J, Maenhout L, Cardon G, Lambert EV, Van Dyck D. Inequality in physical activity, global trends by income inequality and gender in adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020;17:142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01039-x
  • Luque-Casado A, Mayo X, Lavín-Pérez AM, Jiménez A, Del Villar F. Understanding Behavioral Regulation Towards Physical Activity Participation: Do We Need a Paradigm Shift to Close the Gender Gap?Sustainability 2021;13:1683.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlığın Geliştirilmesi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Buşra Tozduman 0000-0003-0372-6280

Buğra Gülle 0000-0003-3435-4336

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Şubat 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Tozduman B, Gülle B. The Burden of non-Communicable Diseases Attributable to Physical Inactivity in Türkiye. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2025;10(1):1-7.

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