Araştırma Makalesi
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Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association with Self-Control

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 867 - 873, 15.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.3.867

Öz

This study aims to reveal the prevalence of internet addiction among Kurdish university students and its association with self-control. 623 students form 19 universities in various colleges and schools, 335 boys (54 %) and 288 (46%) girls took part in this study in which they were asked to complete an internet addiction and self-control self-report. The findings indicated that the prevalence of internet addiction among Kurdish university population is very high, concluding that 36.5% of the participants met the internet addiction criteria. In addition, it was found that males and females are equally susceptible to becoming addicted to the internet. The results also showed that internet addiction correlates negatively to the self-control and positively with impulsive behaviour. Based on the regression analysis, 15.7% of the variance of internet addiction can be explained by self-control. Further study should investigate the effect of internet addiction on discomfort intolerance.


Kaynakça

  • Akin, A., & Iskender, M. (2011). Internet addiction and depression, anxiety and stress. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(1), 138–148.
  • Anderson, K. J. (2001). Internet use among college students: An exploratory study. Journal of the American College Health Association, 50(1), 21–26. http://doi.org/10.1080/07448480109595707
  • Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Ego depletion and self-regulation failure: A resource model of self-control. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27(2), 281–284. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000060879.61384.A4
  • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x
  • Bayer, J. B., Ellison, N. B., Schoenebeck, S. Y., & Falk, E. B. (2016). Sharing the small moments: ephemeral social interaction on Snapchat. Information Communication and Society, 19(7), 956–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1084349
  • Beard, K. W., & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 377–383. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210286
  • Bozkurt, H., Coskun, M., Ayaydin, H., Adak, I., & Zoroglu, S. S. (2013). Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in referred adolescents with Internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 67(5), 352–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12065
  • Cao, F., & Su, L. (2007). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: Prevalence and psychological features. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(3), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00715.x
  • Cheung, L. M., & Wong, W. S. (2011). The effects of insomnia and internet addiction on depression in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents: An exploratory cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Sleep Research, 20(2), 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00883.x
  • Chou, C., & Hsiao, M. C. (2000). Internet addiction, usage, gratification, and pleasure experience: The Taiwan college students’ case. Computers and Education, 35(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1315(00)00019-1
  • Craparo, G., Messina, R., Severino, S., Fasciano, S., Cannella, V., Gori, A., … Baiocco, R. (2014). The relationships between self-efficacy, internet addiction and shame. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 36(3), 304. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.135386
  • Davis, R. A. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00041-8
  • Ferrari, J. R., Stevens, E. B., & Jason, L. A. (2009). The role of self-regulation in abstinence maintenance: Effects of communal living on self-regulation. Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recovery, 4(1–2), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15560350802712371
  • Fu, K. W., Chan, W. S. C., Wong, P. W. C., & Yip, P. S. F. (2010). Internet addiction: Prevalence, discriminant validity and correlates among adolescents in Hong Kong. British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(6), 486–492. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.075002
  • Griffiths, M. (2000). Internet addiction - time to be taken seriously? Addiction Research, 8(5), 413–418. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066350009005587
  • Griffiths, M. D. M. (1999). Internet addiction: Internet fuels other addictions. Student British Medical Journal, 7, 428–429.
  • Huang, R. L., Lu, Z., Liu, J. J., You, Y. M., Pan, Z. Q., Wei, Z., … Wang, Z. Z. (2009). Features and predictors of problematic internet use in Chinese college students. Behaviour and Information Technology, 28(5), 485–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701485801
  • Jelenchick, L. A., Becker, T., & Moreno, M. A. (2012). Assessing the psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in US college students. Psychiatry Research, 196(2–3), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.09.007
  • Kandell, J. J. (1998). Internet addiction on campus: The vulnerability of college students. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.11
  • Kim, E. J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S. J. (2008). The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits. European Psychiatry, 23(3), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.10.010
  • Kim, K., Ryu, E., Chon, M. Y., Yeun, E. J., Choi, S. Y., Seo, J. S., & Nam, B. W. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.005
  • Ko, C.-H., Yen, J.-Y., Chen, C.-C., Chen, S.-H., & Yen, C.-F. (2005). Gender differences and related factors affecting online gaming addiction among Taiwanese adolescents. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(4), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000158373.85150.57
  • Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Liu, S. C., Huang, C. F., & Yen, C. F. (2009). The associations between aggressive behaviors and internet addiction and online activities in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(6), 598–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.011
  • Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017–1031. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017
  • Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Binder, J. F. (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024
  • Lee, O., & Shin, M. (2004). Addictive consumption of avatars in cyberspace. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(4), 417–420. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.417
  • Leung, L. (2004). Net-generation attributes and seductive properties of the internet as predictors of online activities and internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 333–348. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291303
  • Luka´cs, A., Boussouf, N., Deneche, I., Albane, A., Varga, B., De´chelotte, P., & Tavolacci, M. (2015). University, prevalence of internet addiction risk in students in Algeria, France and Hungary: Joel Ladner. European Journal of Public Health, 25(3), ckv170.005. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv170.005
  • Mohammadbeigi, A., Hashiani, A., Ghamari, F., & Mohammadsalehi, N. (2011). Internet addiction and modeling its risk factors in medical students, Iran. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 33(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.92068
  • Niemz, K., Griffiths, M., & Banyard, P. (2005). Prevalence of pathological internet use among university students and correlations with self-esteem, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and disinhibition. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(6), 562–570. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.562
  • Oh, W. O. (2003). Factors influencing internet addiction tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 33(8), 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.8.1135
  • Orsal, O., Orsal, O., Unsal, A., & Ozalp, S. S. (2013). Evaluation of internet addiction and depression among university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82, 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.291
  • Poli, R., & Agrimi, E. (2012). Internet addiction disorder: Prevalence in an Italian student population. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2011.605169
  • Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 5–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.5
  • Shapira, N. A., Goldsmith, T. D., Keck, P. E., Khosla, U. M., & McElroy, S. L. (2000). Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57(1–3), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00107-X
  • Siomos, K. E., Angelopoulos, N. V., Mouzas, O. D., Dafouli, E. D., & Braimiotis, D. A. (2008). Internet addiction among greek adolescent students. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 653–657. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0088
  • Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
  • Wei, H. T., Chen, M. H., Huang, P. C., & Bai, Y. M. (2012). The association between online gaming, social phobia, and depression: An internet survey. BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-92
  • Young, K. S. (1998). Internet Addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
  • Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204270278
  • Yuen, C. N., & Lavin, M. J. (2004). Internet Dependence in the Collegiate Population: The Role of Shyness. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(4), 379–383. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.379
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 867 - 873, 15.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.3.867

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akin, A., & Iskender, M. (2011). Internet addiction and depression, anxiety and stress. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(1), 138–148.
  • Anderson, K. J. (2001). Internet use among college students: An exploratory study. Journal of the American College Health Association, 50(1), 21–26. http://doi.org/10.1080/07448480109595707
  • Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Ego depletion and self-regulation failure: A resource model of self-control. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27(2), 281–284. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000060879.61384.A4
  • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x
  • Bayer, J. B., Ellison, N. B., Schoenebeck, S. Y., & Falk, E. B. (2016). Sharing the small moments: ephemeral social interaction on Snapchat. Information Communication and Society, 19(7), 956–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1084349
  • Beard, K. W., & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(3), 377–383. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493101300210286
  • Bozkurt, H., Coskun, M., Ayaydin, H., Adak, I., & Zoroglu, S. S. (2013). Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in referred adolescents with Internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 67(5), 352–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12065
  • Cao, F., & Su, L. (2007). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: Prevalence and psychological features. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(3), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00715.x
  • Cheung, L. M., & Wong, W. S. (2011). The effects of insomnia and internet addiction on depression in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents: An exploratory cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Sleep Research, 20(2), 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00883.x
  • Chou, C., & Hsiao, M. C. (2000). Internet addiction, usage, gratification, and pleasure experience: The Taiwan college students’ case. Computers and Education, 35(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1315(00)00019-1
  • Craparo, G., Messina, R., Severino, S., Fasciano, S., Cannella, V., Gori, A., … Baiocco, R. (2014). The relationships between self-efficacy, internet addiction and shame. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 36(3), 304. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.135386
  • Davis, R. A. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(2), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00041-8
  • Ferrari, J. R., Stevens, E. B., & Jason, L. A. (2009). The role of self-regulation in abstinence maintenance: Effects of communal living on self-regulation. Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recovery, 4(1–2), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15560350802712371
  • Fu, K. W., Chan, W. S. C., Wong, P. W. C., & Yip, P. S. F. (2010). Internet addiction: Prevalence, discriminant validity and correlates among adolescents in Hong Kong. British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(6), 486–492. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.075002
  • Griffiths, M. (2000). Internet addiction - time to be taken seriously? Addiction Research, 8(5), 413–418. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066350009005587
  • Griffiths, M. D. M. (1999). Internet addiction: Internet fuels other addictions. Student British Medical Journal, 7, 428–429.
  • Huang, R. L., Lu, Z., Liu, J. J., You, Y. M., Pan, Z. Q., Wei, Z., … Wang, Z. Z. (2009). Features and predictors of problematic internet use in Chinese college students. Behaviour and Information Technology, 28(5), 485–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701485801
  • Jelenchick, L. A., Becker, T., & Moreno, M. A. (2012). Assessing the psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in US college students. Psychiatry Research, 196(2–3), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.09.007
  • Kandell, J. J. (1998). Internet addiction on campus: The vulnerability of college students. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.11
  • Kim, E. J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S. J. (2008). The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits. European Psychiatry, 23(3), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.10.010
  • Kim, K., Ryu, E., Chon, M. Y., Yeun, E. J., Choi, S. Y., Seo, J. S., & Nam, B. W. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.005
  • Ko, C.-H., Yen, J.-Y., Chen, C.-C., Chen, S.-H., & Yen, C.-F. (2005). Gender differences and related factors affecting online gaming addiction among Taiwanese adolescents. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(4), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000158373.85150.57
  • Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Liu, S. C., Huang, C. F., & Yen, C. F. (2009). The associations between aggressive behaviors and internet addiction and online activities in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(6), 598–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.011
  • Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017–1031. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017
  • Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Binder, J. F. (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024
  • Lee, O., & Shin, M. (2004). Addictive consumption of avatars in cyberspace. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(4), 417–420. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.417
  • Leung, L. (2004). Net-generation attributes and seductive properties of the internet as predictors of online activities and internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 333–348. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291303
  • Luka´cs, A., Boussouf, N., Deneche, I., Albane, A., Varga, B., De´chelotte, P., & Tavolacci, M. (2015). University, prevalence of internet addiction risk in students in Algeria, France and Hungary: Joel Ladner. European Journal of Public Health, 25(3), ckv170.005. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv170.005
  • Mohammadbeigi, A., Hashiani, A., Ghamari, F., & Mohammadsalehi, N. (2011). Internet addiction and modeling its risk factors in medical students, Iran. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 33(2), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.92068
  • Niemz, K., Griffiths, M., & Banyard, P. (2005). Prevalence of pathological internet use among university students and correlations with self-esteem, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and disinhibition. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8(6), 562–570. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.562
  • Oh, W. O. (2003). Factors influencing internet addiction tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 33(8), 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.8.1135
  • Orsal, O., Orsal, O., Unsal, A., & Ozalp, S. S. (2013). Evaluation of internet addiction and depression among university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82, 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.291
  • Poli, R., & Agrimi, E. (2012). Internet addiction disorder: Prevalence in an Italian student population. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2011.605169
  • Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 5–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.5
  • Shapira, N. A., Goldsmith, T. D., Keck, P. E., Khosla, U. M., & McElroy, S. L. (2000). Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57(1–3), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00107-X
  • Siomos, K. E., Angelopoulos, N. V., Mouzas, O. D., Dafouli, E. D., & Braimiotis, D. A. (2008). Internet addiction among greek adolescent students. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 653–657. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0088
  • Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
  • Wei, H. T., Chen, M. H., Huang, P. C., & Bai, Y. M. (2012). The association between online gaming, social phobia, and depression: An internet survey. BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-92
  • Young, K. S. (1998). Internet Addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
  • Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204270278
  • Yuen, C. N., & Lavin, M. J. (2004). Internet Dependence in the Collegiate Population: The Role of Shyness. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(4), 379–383. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.379
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Zana H. Babakr Bu kişi benim

Kamaran Majeed Bu kişi benim

Pakstan Mohamedamin Bu kişi benim

Karwan Kakamad Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Babakr, Z. H., Majeed, K., Mohamedamin, P., Kakamad, K. (2019). Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association with Self-Control. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(3), 867-873. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.3.867
AMA Babakr ZH, Majeed K, Mohamedamin P, Kakamad K. Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association with Self-Control. eujer. Temmuz 2019;8(3):867-873. doi:10.12973/eu-jer.8.3.867
Chicago Babakr, Zana H., Kamaran Majeed, Pakstan Mohamedamin, ve Karwan Kakamad. “Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association With Self-Control”. European Journal of Educational Research 8, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2019): 867-73. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.3.867.
EndNote Babakr ZH, Majeed K, Mohamedamin P, Kakamad K (01 Temmuz 2019) Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association with Self-Control. European Journal of Educational Research 8 3 867–873.
IEEE Z. H. Babakr, K. Majeed, P. Mohamedamin, ve K. Kakamad, “Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association with Self-Control”, eujer, c. 8, sy. 3, ss. 867–873, 2019, doi: 10.12973/eu-jer.8.3.867.
ISNAD Babakr, Zana H. vd. “Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association With Self-Control”. European Journal of Educational Research 8/3 (Temmuz 2019), 867-873. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.3.867.
JAMA Babakr ZH, Majeed K, Mohamedamin P, Kakamad K. Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association with Self-Control. eujer. 2019;8:867–873.
MLA Babakr, Zana H. vd. “Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association With Self-Control”. European Journal of Educational Research, c. 8, sy. 3, 2019, ss. 867-73, doi:10.12973/eu-jer.8.3.867.
Vancouver Babakr ZH, Majeed K, Mohamedamin P, Kakamad K. Internet Addiction in Kurdistan University Students: Prevalence and Association with Self-Control. eujer. 2019;8(3):867-73.