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HEALTH OF ATHLETES AND SPORTS DENTISTRY APPROACH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROCESS

Yıl 2022, , 268 - 273, 11.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1018625

Öz

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in Wuhan, China's Hubei province started on December 31, 2019. The epidemic spread swiftly to hundreds of countries, started with the identification of the first positive case in Turkey on March 11, 2020. Since then, the pauses, postponements, and cancellations of sports activities caused by COVID-19 has risen to a challenge for sports physicians, coaches, and trainers in discerning best practices for a safe return to sports. Sports medicine has a multidisciplinary approach, in which different medical specialties work together during diagnosis and treatment to prevent health problems of athletes with the integration of sports dentistry into sports medicine, it will contribute to the prevention of dental caries, dental erosions, periodontal diseases, malocclusions and temporomandibular disorders, and other injuries, as well as the follow-up and treatment of these disorders. In this review, the overall effects of COVID-19 in the world of sports, the situations that may adversely affect the oral-dental and general health and performance of the athletes during the pandemic, the precautions to be taken against it, and suggestions for returning to play for sports at the end of this process are mentioned.

Kaynakça

  • 1. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/clean-disinfect/index.html; Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2021.
  • 2. Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, Yang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: what we know. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:44-48.
  • 3. WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 30.https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200219-sitrep-30-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3346b04f_2; Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2021.
  • 4. ESPN. Coronavirus cancellations and reactions in sports. https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/28871525/coronavirus-cancellations-reactions-sports; Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2021.
  • 5. Blocken B, Malizia F, Van Druenen T, Marchal T. Towards aerodynamically equivalent COVID19 1.5 m social distancing for walking and running. Preprint 2020.
  • 6. Mulcahey MK, Gianakos AL, Mercurio A, Rodeo S, Sutton KM. Sports medicine considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Sports Med 2021;49(2):512-521.
  • 7. WHO. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations. https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations; Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2021.
  • 8. So RC, Ko J, Yuan YW, Lam JJ, Louie L. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and sport. Sports Med 2004;34(15):1023-1033.
  • 9. CDC. Considerations for Youth Sports Administrators. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/youth-sports.html; Erişim tarihi: 31.12.2020.
  • 10. Wei WE, Li Z, Chiew CJ, Yong SE, Toh MP, Lee VJ. Presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2—Singapore, january 23–march 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep2020;69(14):411-415.
  • 11. Hanada S, Pirzadeh M, Carver KY, Deng JC. Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Front Immunol2018;9:2640.
  • 12. Herrera D, Serrano J, Roldán S, Sanz M. Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? Clin Oral Investig2020;24(8):2925-2930.
  • 13. Udelson JE, Curtis MA, Rowin EJ. Return to play for athletes after coronavirus disease 2019 infection—making high-stakes recommendations as data evolve. JAMA Cardiol 2021;6(2):136-138.
  • 14. Eirale C, Bisciotti G, Corsini A, et al. Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers’ training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application. Biol Sport 2020;37(2):203-207.
  • 15. Neufer PD, Costill DL, Fielding RA, Flynn MG, Kirwan JP. Effect of reduced training on muscular strength and endurance in competitive swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1987;19(5):486-490.
  • 16. Toresdahl BG, Asif IM. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete. Sports Health 2020;12(3):221-224.
  • 17. Hui D, Joynt G, Wong K, et al. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors. Thorax 2005;60(5):401-409.
  • 18. Khalid N, Chen Y, Case BC, et al. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Heart–An Ominous Association. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2020;21(8):946-949.
  • 19. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol 2020;77(6):683-690.
  • 20. Benny R, Khadilkar SV. COVID 19: neuromuscular manifestations. Ann Indian Acad Neurol.2020;23(Suppl 1):40-42.
  • 21. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
  • 22. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression.Lancet 2020;395(10229):1033-1034.
  • 23. Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. Cytokine storm in COVID-19 and treatment. J Infect 2020; 80(6):607-613.
  • 24. Gabbett TJ, Nielsen RO, Bertelsen ML, et al. In pursuit of the ‘Unbreakable’Athlete: what is the role of moderating factors and circular causation? Br J Sports Med 2019; 53(7):394-395.
  • 25. Rusu L-C, Ardelean LC, Tigmeanu CV, et al. COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review. Medicina 2021;57(11):1189.
  • 26. Di Fronso S, Costa S, Montesano C, et al. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and psychobiosocial states in Italian athletes. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol 2022; 20(1):79-91.
  • 27. Conde E, Martínez-Aranda LM, Sanz G, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes. Front Psychol 2021;12:736499.
  • 28. Hasan LK, Deadwiler B, Haratian A, et al. Effects of COVID-19 on the musculoskeletal System: Clinician’s Guide. Orthop Res Rev 2021;13:141-150.
  • 29. Chopra A, Rao N, Gupta N, Vashisth S. Sports dentistry: Role of dentist in protecting a winning smile. Saudi J Sports Med 2013;13(2):74-77.
  • 30. Stamos A, Mills S, Malliaropoulos N, et al. The European Association for Sports Dentistry, Academy for Sports Dentistry, European College of Sports and Exercise Physicians consensus statement on sports dentistry integration in sports medicine. Dent Traumatol 2020;36(6):680-684.
  • 31. Dörfer C, Benz C, Aida J, Campard G. The relationship of oral health with general health and NCDs: a brief review. Int Dent J 2017;67(Suppl 2):14-18.
  • 32. Gay Escoda C, Pereira DMVD, Ardèvol J, et al. Study of the effect of oral health on physical condition of professional soccer players of the Football Club Barcelona. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011; 16(3):436-439.
  • 33. Budd SC, Egea J-C. Sport, periodontal consequences and athletic patients. In: Budd SC, Egea J-C (eds), Sport and Oral Health. Springer, Cham2017; pp 71-74.
  • 34. Needleman I, Ashley P, Fine P, et al. Oral health and elite sport performance. Br. J Sports Med 2015;49(1):3-6.
  • 35. Soares MJ, Müller MJ. Editorial: Nutrition and COVID-19. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74(6):849.
  • 36. Gallagher J, Ashley P, Petrie A, Needleman I. Oral health and performance impacts in elite and professional athletes. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46(6):563-568.
  • 37. Needleman I, Ashley P, Petrie A, et al. Oral health and impact on performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic Games: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2013;47(16):1054-1058.
  • 38. Arweiler NB, Netuschil L. The Oral Microbiota. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; 902:45-60.
  • 39. Pitts NB, Twetman S, Fisher J, Marsh PD. Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable disease. Br Dent J 2021; 231(12):749-753.
  • 40. Moye ZD, Zeng L, Burne RA. Fueling the caries process: carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation by Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 5-6.
  • 41. Hamamcılar O, Kocahan T, Akınoğlu B, Hasanoğlu A. Effect of dental caries and the consequential variation in blood parameters on the anaerobic performance of rowing athletes. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 2019;27(2):55-60.
  • 42. Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Castellanos-Cosano L. Endodontic medicine: connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. Int Endod J 2015; 48(10):933-951.
  • 43. Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, et al. Global burden of severe periodontitis in 1990-2010: a systematic review and meta-regression. J Dent Res 2014;93(11):1045-1053.
  • 44. Astanovich ADA, Alimdjanovich RJ, Abdujamilevich SA, Bakhriddnovich TA. The State of Periodontal Tissues in Athletes Engaged in Cyclic Sports. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology 2021:235-241.
  • 45. Hamamcilar O, Kocahan T, Akınoğlu B, Hasanoğlu A. Effect of poor oral health on respiratory functions and hence sportive performance.Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 2018;26(3):74-79.
  • 46. Goyal S, Gupta G, Thomas B, Bhat K, Bhat G. Stress and periodontal disease: The link and logic!! Ind Psychiatry J 2013;22(1):4-11.
  • 47. Gangloff P, Louis J-P, Perrin PP. Dental occlusion modifies gaze and posture stabilization in human subjects. Neurosci Lett 2000; 293(3):203-206.
  • 48. Piccininni P, Clough A, Padilla R, Piccininni G. Dental and orofacial injuries. Clin Sports Med 2017;36(2):369-405.
  • 49. Bochnig MS, Oh MJ, Nagel T, Ziegler F, Jost‐Brinkmann PG. Comparison of the shock absorption capacities of different mouthguards. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33(3):205-213.
  • 50. Lee D-W, Choi S-Y, Kim J-w, Kwon T-G, Lee S-T. The impact of COVID-19 on the injury pattern for maxillofacial fracture in Daegu city, South Korea. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2021;43(1):35.

COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI

Yıl 2022, , 268 - 273, 11.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1018625

Öz

31 Aralık 2019 tarihinde Çin’in Hubei eyaleti Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkan ve hızlı bir şekilde yüzlerce ülkeye yayılan SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün sebep olduğu Coronavirus Hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19), ülkemizde 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde ilk pozitif vakanın tanımlanmasıyla başlamıştır. O zamandan beri, COVID-19 nedeniyle spor aktivitelerinde oluşan duraklama, erteleme ve iptaller sonrasında spora güvenli bir dönüş için en iyi uygulamaları seçme konusu spor hekimleri, antrenörler ve eğitmenler için zorluk teşkil etmektedir. Spor hekimliği sporcuların sağlık problemlerinin önlenmesinde farklı tıbbi uzmanlıkların teşhis ve tedavi sırasında birlikte çalıştığı multidisipliner bir yaklaşımdır. Spor diş hekimliğinin spor hekimliğine entegrasyonu ile diş çürükleri, dental erozyonlar, dişeti hastalıkları maloklüzyonlar ve temporomandibular bozukluklar ve diğer yaralanmaların önlenmesinin yanında bu bozuklukların takip ve tedavilerine de katkıda bulunulacaktır. Bu derlemede spor dünyasında COVID-19'un genel etkilerine, pandemi sırasında sporcuların ağız-diş sağlığının genel sağlığa ve sporcu performansı üzerine etkilerine, buna karşı alınması gereken önlemlere ve bu sürecin sonunda spora dönüş için tavsiye edilebilecek önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/clean-disinfect/index.html; Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2021.
  • 2. Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, Yang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: what we know. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:44-48.
  • 3. WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 30.https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200219-sitrep-30-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3346b04f_2; Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2021.
  • 4. ESPN. Coronavirus cancellations and reactions in sports. https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/28871525/coronavirus-cancellations-reactions-sports; Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2021.
  • 5. Blocken B, Malizia F, Van Druenen T, Marchal T. Towards aerodynamically equivalent COVID19 1.5 m social distancing for walking and running. Preprint 2020.
  • 6. Mulcahey MK, Gianakos AL, Mercurio A, Rodeo S, Sutton KM. Sports medicine considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Sports Med 2021;49(2):512-521.
  • 7. WHO. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations. https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations; Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2021.
  • 8. So RC, Ko J, Yuan YW, Lam JJ, Louie L. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and sport. Sports Med 2004;34(15):1023-1033.
  • 9. CDC. Considerations for Youth Sports Administrators. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/youth-sports.html; Erişim tarihi: 31.12.2020.
  • 10. Wei WE, Li Z, Chiew CJ, Yong SE, Toh MP, Lee VJ. Presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2—Singapore, january 23–march 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep2020;69(14):411-415.
  • 11. Hanada S, Pirzadeh M, Carver KY, Deng JC. Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. Front Immunol2018;9:2640.
  • 12. Herrera D, Serrano J, Roldán S, Sanz M. Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? Clin Oral Investig2020;24(8):2925-2930.
  • 13. Udelson JE, Curtis MA, Rowin EJ. Return to play for athletes after coronavirus disease 2019 infection—making high-stakes recommendations as data evolve. JAMA Cardiol 2021;6(2):136-138.
  • 14. Eirale C, Bisciotti G, Corsini A, et al. Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers’ training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application. Biol Sport 2020;37(2):203-207.
  • 15. Neufer PD, Costill DL, Fielding RA, Flynn MG, Kirwan JP. Effect of reduced training on muscular strength and endurance in competitive swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1987;19(5):486-490.
  • 16. Toresdahl BG, Asif IM. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete. Sports Health 2020;12(3):221-224.
  • 17. Hui D, Joynt G, Wong K, et al. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors. Thorax 2005;60(5):401-409.
  • 18. Khalid N, Chen Y, Case BC, et al. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Heart–An Ominous Association. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2020;21(8):946-949.
  • 19. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol 2020;77(6):683-690.
  • 20. Benny R, Khadilkar SV. COVID 19: neuromuscular manifestations. Ann Indian Acad Neurol.2020;23(Suppl 1):40-42.
  • 21. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
  • 22. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression.Lancet 2020;395(10229):1033-1034.
  • 23. Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. Cytokine storm in COVID-19 and treatment. J Infect 2020; 80(6):607-613.
  • 24. Gabbett TJ, Nielsen RO, Bertelsen ML, et al. In pursuit of the ‘Unbreakable’Athlete: what is the role of moderating factors and circular causation? Br J Sports Med 2019; 53(7):394-395.
  • 25. Rusu L-C, Ardelean LC, Tigmeanu CV, et al. COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review. Medicina 2021;57(11):1189.
  • 26. Di Fronso S, Costa S, Montesano C, et al. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress and psychobiosocial states in Italian athletes. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol 2022; 20(1):79-91.
  • 27. Conde E, Martínez-Aranda LM, Sanz G, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes. Front Psychol 2021;12:736499.
  • 28. Hasan LK, Deadwiler B, Haratian A, et al. Effects of COVID-19 on the musculoskeletal System: Clinician’s Guide. Orthop Res Rev 2021;13:141-150.
  • 29. Chopra A, Rao N, Gupta N, Vashisth S. Sports dentistry: Role of dentist in protecting a winning smile. Saudi J Sports Med 2013;13(2):74-77.
  • 30. Stamos A, Mills S, Malliaropoulos N, et al. The European Association for Sports Dentistry, Academy for Sports Dentistry, European College of Sports and Exercise Physicians consensus statement on sports dentistry integration in sports medicine. Dent Traumatol 2020;36(6):680-684.
  • 31. Dörfer C, Benz C, Aida J, Campard G. The relationship of oral health with general health and NCDs: a brief review. Int Dent J 2017;67(Suppl 2):14-18.
  • 32. Gay Escoda C, Pereira DMVD, Ardèvol J, et al. Study of the effect of oral health on physical condition of professional soccer players of the Football Club Barcelona. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011; 16(3):436-439.
  • 33. Budd SC, Egea J-C. Sport, periodontal consequences and athletic patients. In: Budd SC, Egea J-C (eds), Sport and Oral Health. Springer, Cham2017; pp 71-74.
  • 34. Needleman I, Ashley P, Fine P, et al. Oral health and elite sport performance. Br. J Sports Med 2015;49(1):3-6.
  • 35. Soares MJ, Müller MJ. Editorial: Nutrition and COVID-19. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74(6):849.
  • 36. Gallagher J, Ashley P, Petrie A, Needleman I. Oral health and performance impacts in elite and professional athletes. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46(6):563-568.
  • 37. Needleman I, Ashley P, Petrie A, et al. Oral health and impact on performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic Games: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2013;47(16):1054-1058.
  • 38. Arweiler NB, Netuschil L. The Oral Microbiota. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; 902:45-60.
  • 39. Pitts NB, Twetman S, Fisher J, Marsh PD. Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable disease. Br Dent J 2021; 231(12):749-753.
  • 40. Moye ZD, Zeng L, Burne RA. Fueling the caries process: carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation by Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 5-6.
  • 41. Hamamcılar O, Kocahan T, Akınoğlu B, Hasanoğlu A. Effect of dental caries and the consequential variation in blood parameters on the anaerobic performance of rowing athletes. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 2019;27(2):55-60.
  • 42. Segura-Egea JJ, Martín-González J, Castellanos-Cosano L. Endodontic medicine: connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. Int Endod J 2015; 48(10):933-951.
  • 43. Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, et al. Global burden of severe periodontitis in 1990-2010: a systematic review and meta-regression. J Dent Res 2014;93(11):1045-1053.
  • 44. Astanovich ADA, Alimdjanovich RJ, Abdujamilevich SA, Bakhriddnovich TA. The State of Periodontal Tissues in Athletes Engaged in Cyclic Sports. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology 2021:235-241.
  • 45. Hamamcilar O, Kocahan T, Akınoğlu B, Hasanoğlu A. Effect of poor oral health on respiratory functions and hence sportive performance.Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 2018;26(3):74-79.
  • 46. Goyal S, Gupta G, Thomas B, Bhat K, Bhat G. Stress and periodontal disease: The link and logic!! Ind Psychiatry J 2013;22(1):4-11.
  • 47. Gangloff P, Louis J-P, Perrin PP. Dental occlusion modifies gaze and posture stabilization in human subjects. Neurosci Lett 2000; 293(3):203-206.
  • 48. Piccininni P, Clough A, Padilla R, Piccininni G. Dental and orofacial injuries. Clin Sports Med 2017;36(2):369-405.
  • 49. Bochnig MS, Oh MJ, Nagel T, Ziegler F, Jost‐Brinkmann PG. Comparison of the shock absorption capacities of different mouthguards. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33(3):205-213.
  • 50. Lee D-W, Choi S-Y, Kim J-w, Kwon T-G, Lee S-T. The impact of COVID-19 on the injury pattern for maxillofacial fracture in Daegu city, South Korea. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2021;43(1):35.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Sühan Gürbüz 0000-0003-2277-2020

Osman Hamamcılar 0000-0002-1589-871X

Beste İlaslan Hallaç 0000-0002-0229-5274

Ayşen Bodur 0000-0002-4442-2593

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürbüz, S., Hamamcılar, O., İlaslan Hallaç, B., Bodur, A. (2022). COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(2), 268-273. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1018625
AMA Gürbüz S, Hamamcılar O, İlaslan Hallaç B, Bodur A. COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI. JHS. Ağustos 2022;31(2):268-273. doi:10.34108/eujhs.1018625
Chicago Gürbüz, Sühan, Osman Hamamcılar, Beste İlaslan Hallaç, ve Ayşen Bodur. “COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI Ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 31, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2022): 268-73. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1018625.
EndNote Gürbüz S, Hamamcılar O, İlaslan Hallaç B, Bodur A (01 Ağustos 2022) COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 31 2 268–273.
IEEE S. Gürbüz, O. Hamamcılar, B. İlaslan Hallaç, ve A. Bodur, “COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI”, JHS, c. 31, sy. 2, ss. 268–273, 2022, doi: 10.34108/eujhs.1018625.
ISNAD Gürbüz, Sühan vd. “COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI Ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 31/2 (Ağustos 2022), 268-273. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1018625.
JAMA Gürbüz S, Hamamcılar O, İlaslan Hallaç B, Bodur A. COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI. JHS. 2022;31:268–273.
MLA Gürbüz, Sühan vd. “COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI Ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 31, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 268-73, doi:10.34108/eujhs.1018625.
Vancouver Gürbüz S, Hamamcılar O, İlaslan Hallaç B, Bodur A. COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE SPORCU SAĞLIĞI ve SPOR DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ YAKLAŞIMI. JHS. 2022;31(2):268-73.