Salutogenesis Model and Its Use in Psychiatric Nursing

Öz

Mental health promotion for individuals diagnosed with mental illness is an important issue for the nursing work force all over the world. It is important that individuals who have to live with mental illness are supported to streng then their general health as well as support to cope with and recover from their illness. Compared to the general population, the average life expectancy of people with mental disorders is 15-20 years shorter. There fore, there is a great need for health promotion interventions that include improving physical, social and mental health. From this point of view, mental health promotion based on the salutogenesis model will be beneficial in maintaining holistic care. Antonovsky's salutogenesis model focuses on the individual's ability to cope with stress factors and stay healthy. The model is used to guide health promotion and development in various fields such as nursing and mental health care and to provide psychiatric rehabilitation. In order to beter understand the salutogenesis model, which is becoming increasingly important in psychiatric nursing, this chapter will discuss the sense of who leness, general sources of resistance, the use of the model in psychiatric nursing and the measurement tools used in the evaluation of the sense of who leness. In addition, nursing and mental health studies in the field will be mentioned in order to emphasise the scope of care based on the salutogenesis model in nursing practice and educational programmes based on this model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nursing
• psychiatry
• salutogenesis model.

Salutogenez Modeli ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliğinde Kullanımı

Öz

Ruhsal hastalık tanıları bireyler için ruh sağlığının geliştirilmesi, tüm dünyada hemşirelik işgücü için önemli bir konudur. Ruhsal hastalıkla yaşamak zorunda olan bireyler, hastalıklarıyla başa çıkmak ve iyileşmek için desteğin yanı sıra genel sağlıklarını güçlendirmek için de desteklenmeleri önemlidir. Genel nüfusa kıyasla ruhsal bozukluğu olanların ortalama yaşam süresi 15-20 yıl daha kısadır. Bu nedenle fiziksel, sosyal ve ruhsal sağlığın iyileştirilmesini içeren sağlığı geliştirme müdahalelerine büyük ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında salutogenez modeline dayalı ruh sağlığının geliştirilmesi bütüncül bakımın devam ettirilmesinde fayda sağlayacaktır. Antonovsky'nin salutogenez modeli, bireyin stres faktörleriyle başa çıkma ve sağlıklı kalma becerisine odaklanmaktadır. Model, hemşirelik ve ruh sağlığı bakımı gibi çeşitli alanlarda sağlığın teşviki ve geliştirilmesine rehberlik etmek ve psikiyatrik rehabilitasyonu sağlamak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Psikiyatri hemşireliğinde giderek önem kazanan salutogenez modelinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için bu makalede bütünlük duygusu, genel direnç kaynakları, psikiyatri hemşireliğinde modelin kullanımı ve bütünlük duygusunun değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan ölçüm araçları ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca hemşirelik uygulamalarında salutogenez modeline dayalı bakımın kapsamı ve bu modele dayalı eğitim programlarını vurgulamak amacıyla alanda yapılan hemşirelik ve ruh sağlığı çalışmalarına değinilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemşirelik
• psikiyatri
• salutogenez modeli

Kaynakça

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