Huzurevinde Yaşayan Covid-19 Geçirmiş Geriatrik Bireylerin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Coronavirüs enfeksiyonu (COVID-19) sonrası geriatrik bireyler en çok etkilenen populasyonlardandır ve enfeksiyon huzurevi gibi toplu alanların paylaşıldığı yerlerde daha çok görülmekte ve fiziksel yetersizliğe neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmamız huzurevinde yaşayan COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmiş geriatrik bireylerin fiziksel fonksiyon, fonksiyonel kapasite, denge ve yaşam kalitesinin incelenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışmaya huzurevlerinde yaşayan 65 yaş üstü, son 6 ay içerisinde COVID-19 testi pozitif çıkan(n=21) ve sağlıklı (n=21) toplam 42 birey dahil edildi. Bireylerin fiziksel fonksiyonları için fiziksel performans testi, yaşlılar için fiziksel aktivite ölçeği, el kavrama kuvveti ve sırt ve bacak dinamometresi, fonksiyonel kapasite için 6 dakika yürüme testi, denge için Berg denge ölçeği, yaşam kaliteleri için Kısa Form 36 kullanıldı. Çalışmada COVID-19 geçiren bireylerin COVID-19 geçirmeyen bireylere göre fiziksel fonksiyon sonuçları, 6 dakika yürüme testi mesafesi ve Berg denge puanının daha düşük olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Ayrıca SF-36 ölçeği’nin fiziksel fonksiyon, fiziksel rol güçlüğü ve genel sağlık alt parametreleri COVID-19 geçiren geriatrik bireylerde istatistiksel ve anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu (p<0,05). Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, COVID-19'un geriatrik bireylerde, fiziksel fonksiyon, fonksiyonel kapasite, denge ve yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilediğini gösterdi. COVID-19'un neden olduğu olumsuz etkileri azaltmak ve fiziksel fonksiyonları artırmak için huzurevlerinde gerekli önlemlerin planlanması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• yaşlı
• pandemik
• fiziksel fonksiyonel performans
• postüral denge.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma herhangi bir finansman kuruluşundan/sektörden destek almamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için İzmir Demokrasi Üniversitesi İzmir Demokrasi Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulundan (Tarih: 23.03.2021, Sayı: 2021/03-15) onay alınmıştır.

Evaluation of Geriatric Individuals with Covid-19 Living in Nursing Homes

Öz

Geriatric individuals are among the most affected populations after Coronavirus infection (COVID-19), and the infection is more common in places where collective spaces are shared, such as nursing homes, and causes physical disability. For this reason, our study was planned to examine the physical function, functional capacity, balance, and quality of life of geriatric individuals with COVID-19 infection living in nursing homes. A total of 42 individuals over the age of 65 living in nursing homes whose COVID-19 test turned positive to negative with in the last 6 months (n=21) and healthy (n=21) were included in the study. Physical performance test, physical activity scale for the elderly, hand grip strength and back and leg dynamometer for physical functions, 6-minute walk test for functional capacity, Berg balance scale for balance, Short Form 36 for quality of life were used. In the study, it was found that individuals who had COVID-19 had lower physical function results, 6-minute walk test distance, and Berg balance score compared to individuals who had not had COVID-19 (p<0.05). In addition, the physical function, physical role limitation, and general health sub-scales of the SF-36 scale were found to be significantly lower in geriatric individuals who have COVID-19 (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that COVID-19 negatively affects physical function, functional capacity, balance, and quality of life in geriatric individuals living in nursing homes. To reduce the negative effects caused by COVID-19 and increase physical function, necessary precautions need to be planned in nursing homes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• elderly
• pandemics
• physical functional performance
• postural balance.

Destekleyen Kurum

This study did not receive support from any funding agency/industry.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval was received for this study from the Izmir Democracy University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Izmır Democracy University (Date: 23.03.2021, Number: 2021/03-15).

Kaynakça

1. Balkhair AA. COVID-19 Pandemic: A new chapter in the history of infectious diseases. Oman Med J. 2020;35(2):e123. doi:10.5001/omj.2020.41
2. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in wuhan, china, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199-1207. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
3. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-1062. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
4. McMichael TM, Currie DW, Clark S, et al. Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a long-term care facility in King County, Washington. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(21):2005-2011. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2005412
5. Grabowski DC, Mor V. Nursing home care in crisis in the wake of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324(1):23-24. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8524
6. Comas-Herrera A, Zalakaín J, Litwin C, Hsu AT, Lane N, Fernández JL. Mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes: early international evidence. Article in LTC covid. org, International Long-Term Care Policy Network, CPEC-LSE, 2020;26.
7. Béland D, Marier P. COVID-19 and Long-Term Care Policy for Older People in Canada. J Aging Soc Policy. 2020;32(4-5):358-364. doi:10.1080/08959420.2020.1764319
8. World Health Organization Infection Prevention and Control during Health Care when COVID-19 is Suspected: Interim Guidance. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 2020

9. Wilmink G, Summer I, Marsyla D, et al. Real-time digital contact tracing: Development of a system to control COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes and long-term care facilities. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2020;6(3):e20828. doi:10.2196/20828
10. Danilovich MK, Norrick CR, Hill KC, Conroy DE. Nursing home resident weight loss during coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(11):1568-1569. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.032
11. Harrington C, Ross L, Chapman S, Halifax E, Spurlock B, Bakerjian D. Nurse staffing and coronavirus infections in california nursing homes. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2020;21(3):174-186. doi:10.1177/1527154420938707
12. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/eklenti/39551/0/covid19rehberigenelbilgilerepidemiyolojivetanipdf.pdf [27.11.2020]
13. Laccarino G, Grassi G, Borghi C, et al. Age and multimorbidity predict death among COVID-19 patients: results of the SARS-RAS study of the Italian Society of Hypertension. Hypertension. 2020;76(2):366-372. doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15324
14. Reuben DB, Siu AL. An objective measure of physical function of elderly outpatients. The Physical Performance Test. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38(10):1105-1112. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415. 1990.tb01373.x
15. Ayvat E, Kilinç M, Kirdi N. The Turkish version of the Physical Activity Scale for theElderly (PASE): its cultural adaptation, validation, and reliability. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017; 47:908-915. doi:10.3906/sag-1605-7
16. Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM, Janney CA. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46(2):153-162. doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4
17. Washburn RA, McAuley E, Katula J, Mihalko SL, Boileau RA. The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): evidence for validity. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999;52(7):643-651. doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00049-9
18. Shechtman O, Gestewitz L, Kimble C. Reliability and validity of the DynEx dynamometer. J Hand Ther. 2005;18(3):339-347. doi:10.1197/j.jht.2005.04.002
19. Heyward VH. Advenced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription. 4th Edition. Human Kinetics Books, c2002:79-159.
20. ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(1):111-117. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
21. Sahin F, Yilmaz F, Ozmaden A, Kotevolu N, Sahin T, Kuran B. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Berg Balance Scale. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2008;31(1):32-37. doi:10.1519/00139143-200831010-00006
22. Berg K. Measuring balance in the elderly: Development and validation of an instrument. (Doctoral dissertation, McGill University], c1992:5-9.
23. Koltarla S. Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi sağlık personelinin yaşam kalitesinin araştırılması. Uzmanlık tezi, İstanbul. c2008.
24. Kocyigit H. Kısa Form-36 (KF-36)'ın Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. Ilaç ve tedavi dergisi. c1999; 12:102-106.
25. Imam Z, Odish F, Gill I, et al. Older age and comorbidity are independent mortality predictors in a large cohort of 1305 COVID-19 patients in Michigan, United States. J Intern Med. 2020;288(4):469-476. doi:10.1111/joim.13119
26. Karyono DR, Wicaksana AL. Current prevalence, characteristics, and comorbidities of patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health. 2020;3(2):77. doi:10.22146/jcoemph.57325
27. Kuswardhani RT, Henrina J, Pranata R, Lim MA, Lawrensia S, Suastika, K. Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14(6):2103-2109. doi:10.22146/jcoemph. v3i2.60
28. Belli S, Balbi B, Prince I, et al. Low physical functioning and impaired performance of activities of daily life in COVID-19 patients who survived hospitalisation. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(4):2002096. doi:10.1183/13993003.02096-2020
29. Graham NSN, Junghans C, Downes R, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical features and outcome of COVID-19 in United Kingdom nursing homes. J Infect. 2020;81(3):411-419. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.073
30. Beauchamp MK, Joshi D, McMillan J, et al. Assessment of functional mobility after COVID-19 in adults aged 50 years or older in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on aging. JAMA. 2022;5(1): e2146168. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46168
31. Roschel H, Artioli GG, Gualano B. Risk of increased physical inactivity during COVID-19 outbreak in older people: a call for actions. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68(6):1126-1128. doi:10.1111/jgs.16550
32. Oliveira MR, Sudati IP, Konzen VM, et al. Covid-19 and the impact on the physical activity level of elderly people: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol. 2022;159:111675. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111675
33. Paneroni M, Simonelli C, Saleri M, et al. Muscle strength and physical performance in patients without previous disabilities recovering from COVID-19 Pneumonia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;100(2):105-109. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000001641
34. Maugeri G, Castrogiovanni P, Battaglia G, et al. The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon. 2020;6(6): e04315. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon. 2020.e04315
35. Tanriverdi A, Savci S, Kahraman BO, Ozpelit E. Extrapulmonary features of post-COVID-19 patients: muscle function, physical activity, mood, and sleep quality. Ir J Med Sci. 2022;191(3):969-975. doi:10.1007/s11845-021-02667-3
36. Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Sarrazin P, et al. Muscle strength explains the protective effect of physical activity against COVID-19 hospitalization among adults aged 50 years and older. J Sports Sci. 2021;39(24):2796-2803. doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1964721
37. Çevik Saldıran T, Atıcı E, Girgin N. COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirmiş geriatrik bireylerde düşme riski, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve hareket etme korkusu. Jhs. Mart 2022;31(1):9-14. doi:10.34108/eujhs.952395
38. Wierdsma NJ, Kruizenga HM, Konings LA, et al. Poor nutritional status, risk of sarcopenia and nutrition related complaints are prevalent in COVID-19 patients during and after hospital admission. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:369-376. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.021
39. Tuzun S, Keles A, Okutan D, Yildiran T, Palamar D. Assessment of musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and grip strength in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2021;57(4):653-662. doi:10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06563-6
40. Cheval B, Sieber S, Maltagliati S, et al. Muscle strength is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization in adults 50 years of age or older. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12(5):1136-1143. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12738
41. Massy-Westropp NM, Gill TK, Taylor AW, Bohannon RW, Hill CL. Hand Grip Strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study. BMC Res Notes. 2011;4:127. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-127
42. Townsend L, Dowds J, O'brien K, et al. persistent poor Health after COVID-19 is not associated with respiratory complications or initial disease severity. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021;18(6):997-1003. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.202009-1175OC
43. Viola P, Ralli M, Pisani D, et al. Tinnitus and equilibrium disorders in COVID-19 patients: preliminary results. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;278(10):3725-3730. doi:10.1007/s00405-020-06440-7
44. de Matos DG, Aidar FJ, Almeida-Neto PFd, et al. The Impact of Measures Recommended by the Government to Limit the Spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Physical Activity Levels, Quality of Life, and Mental Health of Brazilians. Sustainability. 2020;12(21):9072. doi:10.3390/su12219072
45. Carenzo L, Protti A, Dalla Corte F, et al. Short-term health-related quality of life, physical function and psychological consequences of severe COVID-19. Ann Intensive Care. 2021;11(1):91. doi:10.1186/s13613-021-00881-x