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Türkiye'de Demans Hastalığını Modifiye Eden Tedaviler İçin Sağlık Kaynakları Gereksinimlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 432 - 440, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1675326

Öz

Alzheimer hastalığı, yaşlanan nüfusa bağlı ekonomik ve toplumsal yük nedeniyle Türkiye'de giderek büyüyen bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Hastalığın ilerlemesini yavaşlatan ve demans için ortaya çıkan yeni nesil tedaviler, tarama, tedavi ve izleme için ciddi sağlık hizmetleri kaynakları gerektirir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de Alzheimer hastalığı demansına yönelik tedavilerin sağlanması için gereken ek kaynak kapasitesinin tahmin edilmesini amaçlamıştır. Ulusal ve uluslararası kaynaklardan elde edilen ikincil veriler, son zamanlarda geliştirilen üç tedaviyi temel alarak, Türkiye'de Alzheimer hastalığına yönelik hastalık değiştirici tedavilerin uygulanması için gerekli sağlık kaynaklarına göre analiz edilmiştir. Aducanumab, donanemab ve lecanemab dahil olmak üzere demans için geliştirilen bu tedaviler tarama, tedavi ve izleme için önemli sağlık hizmetleri kaynakları gerektirir. Donanemab, %9.94’lük Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme taramaları ve %5.72’lik Pozitron emisyon tomografisi taramaları artışıyla en yüksek öngörülen talep artışını göstermektedir; onu lecanemab ve aducanumab takip etmektedir. Buna karşılık, tam zamanlı sağlık personeli (aile hekimleri, uzman doktorlar, hemşireler ve radyologlar) ile hastane yatağı ihtiyacındaki artış görece düşüktür ve çoğunlukla %1’in altındadır. Türkiye, Alzheimer hastalığından kaynaklanan demans tedavilerinin dağıtımında kapasite zorluklarıyla karşı karşıyadır. Bulgular, Alzheimer ile ilgili bakıma yönelik artan talebi karşılamak için sağlık hizmetleri kaynaklarına hedeflenen yatırım ihtiyacını vurgulamaktadır. Türkiye, hastalık değiştirici tedavilerin uygulanmasında kapasite sorunlarıyla karşı karşıyadır. Tanı ve teşhis kapasitesinin genişletilmesi ve radyoloji iş gücünün artırılması, zamanında ve etkili tedaviyi sağlamak için acil önceliklerdir.

Kaynakça

  • Gustavsson A, Norton N, Fast T, et al. Global estimates on the number of persons across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(2):658-670. doi:10.1002/alz.12694.
  • Villarejo-Galende A, García-Arcelay E, Piñol-Ripoll G, et al. Quality of life and the experience of living with early-stage Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;90(2):719-726. doi:10.3233/JAD-220696.
  • Tay LX, Ong SC, Tay LJ, et al. Economic burden of Alzheimer’s Disease: asystematic review. Value Health Reg Issues. 2024;40(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.09.008.
  • Mattap SM, Mohan D, McGrattan AM, et al. The economic burden of dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(4): e007409. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007409.
  • Alzheimer Europe. Estimating the prevalence of dementia in Europe. alzheimer_europe_dementia_in_europe_yearbook_2019.pdf. Published Nov 6, 2019. Accessed Dec 4, 2024.
  • Eroymak S, Yiğit V. Cost effectiveness analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Turk Klin J Health Sci. 2020;5(1):99-111. doi:10.5336/healthsci.2019-66536.
  • Adana F, Ozvurmaz S, Mandiracioglu A. Burden on caregivers of dementia patients and affecting factors in Türkiye: asystematic review. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(1):108-114. doi:10.47391/jpma.2168.
  • Budd Haeberlein S, Aisen PS, Barkhof F, et al. Two randomized phase 3 studies of aducanumab in early Alzheimer’s Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2022;9(2):197-210. doi:10.14283/jpad.2022.30.
  • van Dyck CH, Swanson CJ, Aisen P, et al. Lecanemab in early Alzheimer’s Disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(1):9-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212948.
  • Mintun M, Ritchie CW, Solomon P, et al. Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease: efficacy and safety in TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ 2, a Phase 3 randomized clinical trial. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(S24): e082733. doi: 10.1002/alz.082733 .
  • Food and Drug Administration. Drug approvals and databases. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/drugs. Accessed Jan 8, 2025.
  • European Medicines Agency. Medicines. EMA. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines Accessed Jan 10, 2025.
  • Jönsson L, Wimo A, Handels R, et al. The affordability of lecanemab, an amyloid-targeting therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: an EADC-EC viewpoint. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023;29. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100657.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Donanemab for treating mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease [ID6222].
  • Cummings J, Lee G, Ritter A, Zhong K. Alzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline: 2018. Alzheimer’s Dement: Transl Res Clin Interv. 2018;4:195-214. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.03.009.
  • Musiek ES, Gomez-Isla T, Holtzman DM. Aducanumab for Alzheimer disease: the amyloid hypothesis moves from bench to bedside. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(20). doi:10.1172/JCI154889.
  • Avgerinos KI, Ferrucci L, Kapogiannis D. Effects of monoclonal antibodies against amyloid-β on clinical and biomarker outcomes and adverse event risks: A systematic review and meta-analysis of phase III RCTs in Alzheimer’s disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;68(2):101339. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101339.
  • Mattke S, Wang M, Ullrich A. How prepared are the EU‐5 countries’ health systems to deliver a disease‐modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s? Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16(S10). doi:10.1002/alz.037257.
  • TURKSTAT. Yaş Grubuna Göre Nüfus 2023. https://nip.tuik.gov.tr/?value=YasGrubunaGoreNufus. Accessed Nov 10, 2024.
  • Ministry of Health (MoH). Health Statistic Yearbook 2023. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/50208/0/ siy2023ingilizce31012025pdf.pdf Published Jan 31, 2025. Accessed May 30, 2025.
  • Spargo D, Zur R, Lin PJ, Synnott P, Klein E, Hartry A. Estimating prevalence of early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease in the United States. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2023;15(4):e12497. doi: 10.1002/dad2.12497.
  • Vahidy FS, Bambhroliya AB, Meeks JR, et al. In-hospital outcomes and 30-day readmission rates among ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients with delirium. PLoS One. 2019;14(11):e0225204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225204.
  • Ross EL, Weinberg MS, Arnold SE. Cost-effectiveness of Aducanumab and Donanemab for Early Alzheimer Disease in the US. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(5):478-487. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0315.
  • OECD. Data Explorer, Healthcare Resources: Türkiye. https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?tenant=archive&df[ds]= DisseminateArchiveDMZ&df[id]=DF_HEALTH_REAC&df[ag]=OECD&dq=..TUR&lom=LASTNPERIODS&lo=5&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=tb. Accessed Nov 20, 2024.
  • European Geriatric Medicine Society. Some facts on demography and geriatrics in Türkiye. EGMS. https://www.eugms.org/our-members/nationalsocieties/tuerkiye.html#:~:text=There%20are%2018%20Geria tric%20Medicine,with%20the%20Academic%20Geriatric%20Society. Accessed Jan 10, 2025.
  • Dicle O, Şenol U, Özmen MN, Aydıngöz Ü. A snapshot of teleradiology practice in Türkiye: the results of a survey among radiologists. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2023;29(1):46-63. doi:10.4274/dir.2022.221713.
  • Wittenberg R, Knapp M, Karagiannidou M, Dickson J, Schott J. Economic impacts of introducing diagnostics for mild cognitive impairment Alzheimer’s disease patients. Alzheimers Dement Transl Res Clin Interv. 2019;1(5):382-387. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2019.06.001.
  • Uysal HA, Keskin AO, Güllüoğlu H, Yildiz Sarikaya FG. Burnout in Turkish Adult Neurology Specialists. Namık Kemal Tıp Derg. 2023;11(3):276-283. doi:10.4274/nkmj.galenos.2023.73644.
  • Resmi Gazete. Aile Hekimliği Sözleşme ve Ödeme Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Daire Yönetmelik.https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2024/10/20241030-9.pdf. Published Oct 10, 2024. Accessed Jan 20, 2025.
  • Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary [BNF]. Guidance on intravenous infusions. https://bnf.nice.org.uk/medicines-guidance/guidance-on-intravenous-infusions/, Accessed Nov 10, 2024.
  • Zhang L, Hefke A, Figiel J, et al. Enhancing same-day access to magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Radiol. 2011;8(9):649-656. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2011.04.001.
  • Türk Radyoloji Derneği. Tetkik yoğunluğundan kaynaklanan problemlerin analizi ve çözüm önerileri. https://www.turkrad.org.tr/assets/slider-photos/Radyolojik-Tetkik-Yogunlugu-Raporu.pdf. Published Jan 1, 2018. Accessed Dec 6, 2024.
  • Hlavka J, Mattke S, Liu J. Assessing the preparedness of the health care system infrastructure in six European countries for an alzheimer’s treatment. Rand Health Q. 2018;8(3):2-16. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/ PMC6557037/. Published May 16, 2019. Accessed May 30, 2025.

Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 432 - 440, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1675326

Öz

Alzheimer’s disease is a growing public health issue in Türkiye due to its aging population and the associated economic and societal burden. Emerging disease-modifying dementia treatments, which slow disease progression, require extensive healthcare resources for screening, treatment, and monitoring. This study aimed to estimate the additional resource capacity needed to deliver disease-modifying dementia treatments in Türkiye. Secondary data from national and international sources were analysed to the healthcare resources required for the implementation of disease-modifying dementia treatments in Türkiye, based on three recently developed treatments. The analyses show that Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography scans would require the most significant increases in capacity if Alzheimer’s treatments like donanemab, aducanumab, or lecanemab were introduced in Türkiye. Donanemab shows the highest forecasted demand increase, with a 9.94% rise in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and a 5.72% rise in Positron Emission Tomography scans, followed by lecanemab and aducanumab. In contrast, the additional need for full-time healthcare personnel (General Practitioners, specialists, nurses, and radiologists) and hospital beds remains relatively low, with increases mostly under 1%. The findings highlight the need for targeted investment in healthcare resources to accommodate the growing demand for dementia-related care. Türkiye faces critical capacity challenges in deploying disease-modifying dementia treatments. Expanding diagnostic capacity and increasing the radiology workforce are immediate priorities to ensure timely and effective treatment. Addressing these issues is crucial to ensure equitable access to these potentially transformative therapies and to minimize the societal burden of dementia.

Kaynakça

  • Gustavsson A, Norton N, Fast T, et al. Global estimates on the number of persons across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(2):658-670. doi:10.1002/alz.12694.
  • Villarejo-Galende A, García-Arcelay E, Piñol-Ripoll G, et al. Quality of life and the experience of living with early-stage Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;90(2):719-726. doi:10.3233/JAD-220696.
  • Tay LX, Ong SC, Tay LJ, et al. Economic burden of Alzheimer’s Disease: asystematic review. Value Health Reg Issues. 2024;40(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.09.008.
  • Mattap SM, Mohan D, McGrattan AM, et al. The economic burden of dementia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(4): e007409. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007409.
  • Alzheimer Europe. Estimating the prevalence of dementia in Europe. alzheimer_europe_dementia_in_europe_yearbook_2019.pdf. Published Nov 6, 2019. Accessed Dec 4, 2024.
  • Eroymak S, Yiğit V. Cost effectiveness analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Turk Klin J Health Sci. 2020;5(1):99-111. doi:10.5336/healthsci.2019-66536.
  • Adana F, Ozvurmaz S, Mandiracioglu A. Burden on caregivers of dementia patients and affecting factors in Türkiye: asystematic review. J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(1):108-114. doi:10.47391/jpma.2168.
  • Budd Haeberlein S, Aisen PS, Barkhof F, et al. Two randomized phase 3 studies of aducanumab in early Alzheimer’s Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2022;9(2):197-210. doi:10.14283/jpad.2022.30.
  • van Dyck CH, Swanson CJ, Aisen P, et al. Lecanemab in early Alzheimer’s Disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(1):9-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212948.
  • Mintun M, Ritchie CW, Solomon P, et al. Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease: efficacy and safety in TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ 2, a Phase 3 randomized clinical trial. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(S24): e082733. doi: 10.1002/alz.082733 .
  • Food and Drug Administration. Drug approvals and databases. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/drugs. Accessed Jan 8, 2025.
  • European Medicines Agency. Medicines. EMA. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines Accessed Jan 10, 2025.
  • Jönsson L, Wimo A, Handels R, et al. The affordability of lecanemab, an amyloid-targeting therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: an EADC-EC viewpoint. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023;29. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100657.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Donanemab for treating mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease [ID6222].
  • Cummings J, Lee G, Ritter A, Zhong K. Alzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline: 2018. Alzheimer’s Dement: Transl Res Clin Interv. 2018;4:195-214. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.03.009.
  • Musiek ES, Gomez-Isla T, Holtzman DM. Aducanumab for Alzheimer disease: the amyloid hypothesis moves from bench to bedside. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(20). doi:10.1172/JCI154889.
  • Avgerinos KI, Ferrucci L, Kapogiannis D. Effects of monoclonal antibodies against amyloid-β on clinical and biomarker outcomes and adverse event risks: A systematic review and meta-analysis of phase III RCTs in Alzheimer’s disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;68(2):101339. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101339.
  • Mattke S, Wang M, Ullrich A. How prepared are the EU‐5 countries’ health systems to deliver a disease‐modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s? Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16(S10). doi:10.1002/alz.037257.
  • TURKSTAT. Yaş Grubuna Göre Nüfus 2023. https://nip.tuik.gov.tr/?value=YasGrubunaGoreNufus. Accessed Nov 10, 2024.
  • Ministry of Health (MoH). Health Statistic Yearbook 2023. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/50208/0/ siy2023ingilizce31012025pdf.pdf Published Jan 31, 2025. Accessed May 30, 2025.
  • Spargo D, Zur R, Lin PJ, Synnott P, Klein E, Hartry A. Estimating prevalence of early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease in the United States. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2023;15(4):e12497. doi: 10.1002/dad2.12497.
  • Vahidy FS, Bambhroliya AB, Meeks JR, et al. In-hospital outcomes and 30-day readmission rates among ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients with delirium. PLoS One. 2019;14(11):e0225204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225204.
  • Ross EL, Weinberg MS, Arnold SE. Cost-effectiveness of Aducanumab and Donanemab for Early Alzheimer Disease in the US. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(5):478-487. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0315.
  • OECD. Data Explorer, Healthcare Resources: Türkiye. https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?tenant=archive&df[ds]= DisseminateArchiveDMZ&df[id]=DF_HEALTH_REAC&df[ag]=OECD&dq=..TUR&lom=LASTNPERIODS&lo=5&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&vw=tb. Accessed Nov 20, 2024.
  • European Geriatric Medicine Society. Some facts on demography and geriatrics in Türkiye. EGMS. https://www.eugms.org/our-members/nationalsocieties/tuerkiye.html#:~:text=There%20are%2018%20Geria tric%20Medicine,with%20the%20Academic%20Geriatric%20Society. Accessed Jan 10, 2025.
  • Dicle O, Şenol U, Özmen MN, Aydıngöz Ü. A snapshot of teleradiology practice in Türkiye: the results of a survey among radiologists. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2023;29(1):46-63. doi:10.4274/dir.2022.221713.
  • Wittenberg R, Knapp M, Karagiannidou M, Dickson J, Schott J. Economic impacts of introducing diagnostics for mild cognitive impairment Alzheimer’s disease patients. Alzheimers Dement Transl Res Clin Interv. 2019;1(5):382-387. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2019.06.001.
  • Uysal HA, Keskin AO, Güllüoğlu H, Yildiz Sarikaya FG. Burnout in Turkish Adult Neurology Specialists. Namık Kemal Tıp Derg. 2023;11(3):276-283. doi:10.4274/nkmj.galenos.2023.73644.
  • Resmi Gazete. Aile Hekimliği Sözleşme ve Ödeme Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Daire Yönetmelik.https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2024/10/20241030-9.pdf. Published Oct 10, 2024. Accessed Jan 20, 2025.
  • Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary [BNF]. Guidance on intravenous infusions. https://bnf.nice.org.uk/medicines-guidance/guidance-on-intravenous-infusions/, Accessed Nov 10, 2024.
  • Zhang L, Hefke A, Figiel J, et al. Enhancing same-day access to magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Radiol. 2011;8(9):649-656. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2011.04.001.
  • Türk Radyoloji Derneği. Tetkik yoğunluğundan kaynaklanan problemlerin analizi ve çözüm önerileri. https://www.turkrad.org.tr/assets/slider-photos/Radyolojik-Tetkik-Yogunlugu-Raporu.pdf. Published Jan 1, 2018. Accessed Dec 6, 2024.
  • Hlavka J, Mattke S, Liu J. Assessing the preparedness of the health care system infrastructure in six European countries for an alzheimer’s treatment. Rand Health Q. 2018;8(3):2-16. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/ PMC6557037/. Published May 16, 2019. Accessed May 30, 2025.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Sistemleri, Sağlık Yönetimi, Yaşlı Bakımı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tuba Saygın Avsar 0000-0002-4143-3852

Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Saygın Avsar, T. (2025). Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 34(3), 432-440. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1675326
AMA Saygın Avsar T. Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye. JHS. Aralık 2025;34(3):432-440. doi:10.34108/eujhs.1675326
Chicago Saygın Avsar, Tuba. “Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 34, sy. 3 (Aralık 2025): 432-40. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1675326.
EndNote Saygın Avsar T (01 Aralık 2025) Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 34 3 432–440.
IEEE T. Saygın Avsar, “Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye”, JHS, c. 34, sy. 3, ss. 432–440, 2025, doi: 10.34108/eujhs.1675326.
ISNAD Saygın Avsar, Tuba. “Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 34/3 (Aralık2025), 432-440. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1675326.
JAMA Saygın Avsar T. Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye. JHS. 2025;34:432–440.
MLA Saygın Avsar, Tuba. “Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 34, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 432-40, doi:10.34108/eujhs.1675326.
Vancouver Saygın Avsar T. Assessment of Healthcare Resource Requirements for Disease-Modifying Dementia Therapies in Türkiye. JHS. 2025;34(3):432-40.