TEORİDE HAZIRLANAN RASYONLARIN PRATİK UYGULAMADAKİ VARYASYONLARININ ALTI SİGMA METODOLOJİSİ İLE ARAŞTIRILMASI; 1-TMR RASYONLARINDA BESİN MADDE DEĞİŞKENLİKLERİNİN DÖRT SÜT SIĞIRI ÇİFTLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİNDE İNCELENMESİ
Öz
Bu çalışmada, “Teoride Hazırlanan Rasyonların Pratik Uygulamadaki Varyasyonlarının Altı Sigma Metodolojisi İle Araştırılması” isimli çalışma kapsamında; dört farklı süt sığırı çiftliğinde hayvanların fizyolojik durum ve gereksinimlerine göre hazırlanan toplam karışım rasyonlarında (TMR) meydana gelen besin madde değişkenliklerinin incelenmesi ve hedef değerler ile uyumlu olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma ilk etapta ≈1.500 baş sağmal hayvan kapasitesine sahip bir süt sığırı işletmesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu işletmede; sağmal, düve, ağır gebe, besi ve buzağı grupları için farklı günlerde toplanan TMR numunelerinde, besin madde kimyasal analizleri ve partikül büyüklüğü değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, sağmal TMR’den 130 diğer dört grup TMR’sinden 64 (4X16) adet numune değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur ve TMR’lerde kullanılan hammaddelerin bireysel olarak besin madde analizleri de yapılmıştır. Yine bu çalışma içerisinde, üç farklı süt sığırı işletmesinde, farklı günlerde toplanan 30 adet (3X10) sağmal TMR numunesi aynı amaç için değerlendirilmiştir. TMR karışımlarında; hesaplanan besin madde değerleri ile kimyasal analiz sonuçlarının uyumu değerlendirilmiş ve analiz sonuçlarının değişkenlik gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Partikül büyüklükleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde, TMR numunelerinin kendi içerisindeki varyasyonlarının önemli seviyelerde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle rasyon hazırlamada hesap yolu ile belirlenen besin madde değerleri ile kimyasal analiz sonuçlarının uyumlu olması, hem ekonomik anlamda hem de hayvan performansı açısından işletme verimliliğine ve karlılığına olumlu katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Işığıçok E. Altı Sigma Karakuşaklar İçin Hipotez Testleri Yol Haritası (Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı), Mar- mara Kitapevi, Bursa 2011:108
- Yalçın S, Şehu AR. Hayvan Beslenme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları (geliştirilmiş 5. Baskı), Pozitif, Ankara, ; s:699 Deniz S. Rasyon Hazırlama. Rasyon, Hayvan Beslen- me ve Beslenme Hastalıkları, Medipres Matbacılık, Malatya, 2008; s:461
- California Deparment of Food and Agriculture, California Cost Of Milk Production 2015 Annual, CFDA, Sacramento, 2016: p 7–14
- Linn J. Feeding Total Mixed Ration, Day To Day TMR Feeding, agriculture/dairy/feed-and-nutrition/feeding-total- mixed-rations/ (12.11.2016)
- Miller J. Ask your nutritionist about your TMR consitency. Western Dairy Business May 2012, http://www.diamondv.com/wp-content/uploads/ Reprint_Dairy_2012
- _DairyBusiness_TMRConsistency.pdf (05.01.2017)
- Van Saun RJ, Smith RA. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, Dairy Nutrition, Elsevier, November 2014
- Heinrichs J, Kononoff P. Evaluating particle size of forages and TMRs using the New Penn State Forage Particle Separator, Department of Dairy and Animal Science The Pennsylvania State University, DAS 02- Friggens N, Emmans GC, Robertson S, et al. The lactational responses of dairy cows to amount of feed and to the source of carbohydrate Energy. J Dairy Sci 1995;78:1734–1744
- Stone B. Reducing the variation between formulated and consumed rations. WCDS Adv. in Dairy Technol 2008;20:145–162.
- Weiss WP, Shoemaker D, McBeth L, Yoder P, St- Pierre NR. Within farm variation in nutrient composition of feeds, Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, Fort Wayne, IN, pages 103-117 117 in Proc, The Ohio State University, Columbus 2012
- Kutlu HR. Yem Değerlendirme ve Analiz Yöntemleri, Ders Notu, Adana, 2008:51
- Protein (Crude) Determination in Animal Feed: Copper Catalyst Kjeldahl Method. (984.13) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition, 1990
- Fat (Crude) or Ether Extract in Animal Feed. (920.29) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition, 1990
- Ash of Animal Feed. (942.05) Official methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, th Edition, 1990
- Fiber (Acid Detergent) and Lignin in Animal Feed. (973.18) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition, 1990
- Goering, HK, Van Soest PJ. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agricultural Research Service. Handbook number 379 as modified by DR. Mertens (1992, Personal Communication), 1970
- Goering HK, Van Soest PJ. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agricultural Research Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 379, 1970
- Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Seventh Edition, Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 2001:13-25
- Heinrichs J. The Penn State Particle Separator, Department of Dairy and Animal Science The Pennsylvania State University, DSE 13-186
- Minitab 16.1.1, Minitab 16 Statistical Software Rossow HA, Aly SS. Variation in nutrients formulated and nutrients supplied on 5 California dairies, J. Dairy Sci 2013;96 :7371–7381
- Esmaeili M, Khorvash M, Ghorbani GR, Nasrollahi SM, Saebi M. Variation of TMR particle size and physical characteristics in commercial Iranian Holstein dairies and effects on eating behaviour, chewing activity, and milk production. Livestock Science 2016;191:22–28
- Sova AD, LeBlanc SJ, McBride BW, DeVries TJ. Accuracy and precision of total mixed rations fed on commercial dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2016;97:562–
- Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Seventh Edition, Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 2001
- Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, Seventh Edition:Update 2000, Subcommittee on Beef Cattle
- Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1996
Varıatıon Comparıson Of Theoretıcally Prepared Dıets To The Dıets Practıcally Served To Cattle Usıng Sıx Sıgma Methods; 1-Investigation Of Nutrient Variability In Tmr Ration Four Example On Dairy Farm
Öz
The aim of this study is to investigate nutrient variations in TMR (Total Mixed Ration) rations prepared according to the physiological conditions and requirements of for different animals on dairy herd farm and to evaluate whether the nutrient components comply with the target values, within the scope of the study “Variation Comparison of Theoretically Prepared Diets to The Diets Practically Served to Cattle Using Six Sigma Methods”. The first stage of the study was carried out on a dairy farm with ≈1.500 heads milking cows capacity. Nutrient chemical analyzes and particle size assessments were carried out in the TMR samples collected in different days, including milking cows, heifers, close up cows, calfs, and beef cattle groups on this dairy farm. Within this scope, 130 TMR samples milking cows and other groups (heifers, close up cows, calfs, beef cattle) 64 (4x16) samples were analyzed. In addition to, nutrient analysis of the raw materials used for the preparation of TMR was carried out individually. In this study, on three different dairy farms, 30 milking TMR samples (3X10) collected on different days were evaluated for the same purpose. It was assessed that the nutrient values calculated in the TMR mixtures and the nutrient values determined in the chemical analysis were incompatible and nutrient values were found to vary with time. It was also found that the particle size of the samples taken at different times in the TMR samples important varied. For this reason, it is considered that the compatibility of the nutrient values determined by calculation with the chemical analysis results in the preparation of the ration can contribute positively to the productivity and profitability of the dairy farm in terms of both economic sense and animal performance
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Işığıçok E. Altı Sigma Karakuşaklar İçin Hipotez Testleri Yol Haritası (Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı), Mar- mara Kitapevi, Bursa 2011:108
- Yalçın S, Şehu AR. Hayvan Beslenme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları (geliştirilmiş 5. Baskı), Pozitif, Ankara, ; s:699 Deniz S. Rasyon Hazırlama. Rasyon, Hayvan Beslen- me ve Beslenme Hastalıkları, Medipres Matbacılık, Malatya, 2008; s:461
- California Deparment of Food and Agriculture, California Cost Of Milk Production 2015 Annual, CFDA, Sacramento, 2016: p 7–14
- Linn J. Feeding Total Mixed Ration, Day To Day TMR Feeding, agriculture/dairy/feed-and-nutrition/feeding-total- mixed-rations/ (12.11.2016)
- Miller J. Ask your nutritionist about your TMR consitency. Western Dairy Business May 2012, http://www.diamondv.com/wp-content/uploads/ Reprint_Dairy_2012
- _DairyBusiness_TMRConsistency.pdf (05.01.2017)
- Van Saun RJ, Smith RA. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, Dairy Nutrition, Elsevier, November 2014
- Heinrichs J, Kononoff P. Evaluating particle size of forages and TMRs using the New Penn State Forage Particle Separator, Department of Dairy and Animal Science The Pennsylvania State University, DAS 02- Friggens N, Emmans GC, Robertson S, et al. The lactational responses of dairy cows to amount of feed and to the source of carbohydrate Energy. J Dairy Sci 1995;78:1734–1744
- Stone B. Reducing the variation between formulated and consumed rations. WCDS Adv. in Dairy Technol 2008;20:145–162.
- Weiss WP, Shoemaker D, McBeth L, Yoder P, St- Pierre NR. Within farm variation in nutrient composition of feeds, Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, Fort Wayne, IN, pages 103-117 117 in Proc, The Ohio State University, Columbus 2012
- Kutlu HR. Yem Değerlendirme ve Analiz Yöntemleri, Ders Notu, Adana, 2008:51
- Protein (Crude) Determination in Animal Feed: Copper Catalyst Kjeldahl Method. (984.13) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition, 1990
- Fat (Crude) or Ether Extract in Animal Feed. (920.29) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition, 1990
- Ash of Animal Feed. (942.05) Official methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, th Edition, 1990
- Fiber (Acid Detergent) and Lignin in Animal Feed. (973.18) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Edition, 1990
- Goering, HK, Van Soest PJ. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agricultural Research Service. Handbook number 379 as modified by DR. Mertens (1992, Personal Communication), 1970
- Goering HK, Van Soest PJ. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications). USDA Agricultural Research Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 379, 1970
- Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Seventh Edition, Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 2001:13-25
- Heinrichs J. The Penn State Particle Separator, Department of Dairy and Animal Science The Pennsylvania State University, DSE 13-186
- Minitab 16.1.1, Minitab 16 Statistical Software Rossow HA, Aly SS. Variation in nutrients formulated and nutrients supplied on 5 California dairies, J. Dairy Sci 2013;96 :7371–7381
- Esmaeili M, Khorvash M, Ghorbani GR, Nasrollahi SM, Saebi M. Variation of TMR particle size and physical characteristics in commercial Iranian Holstein dairies and effects on eating behaviour, chewing activity, and milk production. Livestock Science 2016;191:22–28
- Sova AD, LeBlanc SJ, McBride BW, DeVries TJ. Accuracy and precision of total mixed rations fed on commercial dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2016;97:562–
- Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Seventh Edition, Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 2001
- Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, Seventh Edition:Update 2000, Subcommittee on Beef Cattle
- Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1996
Ayrıntılar
| Diğer ID | JA89CK22MY |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Mart 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 |