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BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 63 - 73, 01.03.2007

Öz

Behçet hastalığı akut alevlenme ve dinlenme dönemleri ile seyreden kronik sistemik bir hastalıktır. İlk kez 1937 yılında Türk dermatolog Prof. Dr. Hulusi Behçet tarafından oral aft, genital ülser ve hipopiyonlu iridosiklitten oluşan üçlü semptom kompleksi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Günümüzde ise bu bulgular dışında, eklem ve damar bulgularının veya gastrointestinal sistem ve nörolojik sistem gibi diğer sistemlerle ilgili bulgularının olduğu bilinmektedir. Hastalık Akdeniz ülkeleri ve Japonya’da özellikle de tarihi İpek Yolu coğrafyasında yaşayanlarda daha sıktır. Hastalık genellikle 30 yaşlarında ortaya çıkmaktadır, bununla birlikte çocukluk çağında hatta yenidoğan döneminde bildirilen vakalar bulunmaktadır. Patogenezinde enfeksiyon ajanları, immün mekanizmadaki bozukluklar ve genetik faktörlerin etkili olabileceği savunulmuştur. Behçet hastalığında bilinmeyen bir mekanizma ile immün sistemde çeşitli değişiklikler olmakta ve damar endoteli ile etkileşim sonrası vaskülit tablosu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hastalığın etkin teşhis tedavi ve takip yöntemleri sayesinde prognozu genellikle iyidir

Kaynakça

  • Behcet H. Uber rezidivierende Aphthose, durch ein Virus verursachte Geschwure am Mund, am Auge und an den Genitalien. Dermatol ochenschr 1937,105:1152–1157.
  • Evereklioğlu C. Current Consept in the Etiology and Treatment Of Behçet Disease: reply Survey Of Ophthalmology.2005,51(2):174-175.
  • Ghate JV, Jarizzo JL. Behçet’s disease and complex aphthosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999, (1): 1-18
  • Kastner DL. Intermittant and Periodic Arthritic Syndromes in Arthritis and Allied Conditions. William J Kopman. Williams & Wilkins 13th edition. Pennsylvania 1997, pp1291-1297.
  • Valente RM, Hall S, O’Duffy JD, Conn DL. Vasculitic Syndromes in Textbook of Rheumatology. Kelly WN, Ruddy S, Harris ED, Sledge CB. WB Saunders Company fifth edition. Pennsylvania 1997, pp 1114-1116
  • Yurdakul S, Tüzün Y, Mat MC, Özyazgan Y, Yazıcı H. Behçet Sendromu. Dermatoloji Kitabı. Tüzün Y, Kotoğyan A, Aydemir EH, Baransü O. II. baskı. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri İstanbul 1994, ss 393-399.
  • Dilsen N. History and development of Behçet’s disease. Rev Rhum (English Edition) 1996, 63 (7-8): 512-519.
  • Intenational Study Group For Behçet’s Disease. Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet’s Disease. Lancet 1990, 335 (1):1078-1080.
  • O’Neill TW, Rigby AS, Silman AJ, Barnes C. Validation of the International Study Group criteria for Behçet’s disease. Brit J Dermatol , 33 (2): 115-117
  • Krause I, Uziel Y, Guedj D, Mukamel M, Molad Y, Amit M, Weinberger A. Mode of presentation and multysystem involment in Behçet’s disease: the influence of sex and age of disease onset. J Rheumatol, 1998, 25 (8): 1566-1569.
  • Kaklamani VG, Vaiopulos G, Kaklamanis PG. Behçet’s disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1998, (4): 197-217.
  • Borlu M, Aşçıoğlu Ö, Kartal D, Yıldız H, Ferahbaş, A, Utaş S, Aktaş E, Ukşal Ü. 1998- yılları arasında takip ettiğimiz Behçet hastalarının klinik bulguları. 10. Ulusal Behçet Hastalığı Kongresi İstanbul 2006, B5:24
  • Sakane T. New perspective on Behçet’s disease. Int Immunol 1997, 14 (1): 89-96.
  • Whallett AJ, Thurairajan G, Hamburger J, Palmer RG. Behçet’s disease: a multidisciplinary approach to clinical care. QJM 2000, 93 (6): 385.
  • Atmaca LS, İdil A, Batıoğlu F. A descriptive study on Behçet’s disease. Acta Ophthalmol Scan 1996, 74 (4): 403-406.
  • Yazıcı H, Tüzün Y, Pazarlı H, Yurdakul S, Özyazgan Y, Özdoğan H, Serdaroğlu S, Ersanlı M, Ülkü BY, Müftüoğlu AÜ. Influence of age of onset and patient’s sex on the prevelance and severity of manifestations of Behçet’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1984,43: 783-789.
  • Borlu M, Ukşal Ü, Ferahbaş A, Evereklioğlu C. Clinical features of Behçet’s disease. Int J Dermatol 2006, 45:713-416.
  • Kari JA, Shah V, Dillion MJ. Behçet’s disease in UK children: clinical features and treatment including thalidomide. Rheumatology 2001, 40 (8): 993-998.
  • Fam AG, Siminovitch KA, Carette S, From L. Neonatal Behçet’s syndrome in an infant of a mother with the disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1981, (5): 509-512.
  • Lewis MA, Priestley BL. Transient neonatal Behçet’s disease. Arch Dis Child 1986, 61 (8): 806.
  • Nishiura K, Koteke S, Ichiishi A, Matsuda H. Familial occurence of Behçet’s disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1996, 40 (2): 255-259.
  • Vaiopulos G, Sfikakis PP, Hatzinikalou P, Stamatelos G, Kaklamanis P. Adamantiadis- Behçet’s disease in sisters. Clin Rheum 1996, (4): 382-384.
  • Main DM, Chamberlain AM. Clinical differantitation of oral ulceration in Behçet’s disease. Brit J Rheum 1992, 31 (11): 767-770.
  • Hirohata T, Kuratsune M, Nomura A, Jimi S: Prevalence of Behçet’s syndrome in Hawaii. With particular reference to the comparison of the Japanese in Hawaii and Japan. Hawaii Med J 1975, 34:244–246.
  • Zouboulis CC, Kotter I, Djawari D, et al: Epidemiological features of Adamantiades- Behçet’s disease in Germany and in Europe. Yonsei Med J 1997, 38:411–422.
  • Emmi L, Brugnolo F, Marchione T. Pathogenesis and therapy of Behçet’s disease. Ann Ital Med Int 1997, 2 (1): 20-25.
  • Sakane T, Suzuki N, Nagafuchi H. Etiopathology of Behçet’s disease: immunological aspects. Yonsei Med J 1997, 38 (6): 350-358.
  • Lehner T. Immunopathogenesis of Behçet’s disease. Ann Med Interne 1999, 15 (6):483
  • Gül A, İnanç M, Öcal L, et al: Familial aggregation of Behcet’s disease in Turkey. Ann Rheum Dis 2000, 59: 622–625.
  • Aygündüz M, Bavbek N, Öztürk M, et al: Serum beta 2-microglobulin reflects disease activity in Behcet’s disease. Rheumatol Int , 22:5–8. Ota M, Mizuki N, Katsuyama Y, et al: The critical region for Behc¸et disease in the human major histocompatibility complex is reduced to a 46-kb segment centromeric of HLA-B, by association analysis using refined microsatellite mapping. Am J Hum Genet , 64:1406–1410.
  • Sakane T, Miura K. Research for basic and clinical aspects of Behçet’s disease. Jpn J Clin Med 1996, 54 (3): 870-884
  • Mizuki N, Ohno S. Immunogenetic studies of Behçet’s disease. Rev Rhum 1996, 63 (7-8): 527
  • Gürler A, Boyvat A, Behçet hastalığının immunopatogenezi. II. Ege Dermatoimmuno- loji Simpozyum Kitabı. İzmir 1997, ss 29-38.
  • Lehner T. The role of heat shock protein, microbial and autoimmune agents in the aetiology of Behçet’s disease. Int Immunol ,14 (1): 21-32
  • Sun A, Chang JG, Kao CL, Liu BY, Wang JT, Chu CT. Human cytomegalovirus as a potential etiologic agent in recurrent aphthous ulcers and Behçet’s disease. Journal of Oral Pathol Med 1996, 25 (5): 212-218
  • Lee S, Bang D, Cho YH, Lee ES, Shon S. Polymerase chain reaction reveals herpes simplex virus DNA in saliva of patients with Behçet’s disease. Arch Dermatol Res 1996, (4): 179-183
  • Çalgüneri M, Ertenli I, Kiraz S, et al: Effect of prophylactic benzathine penicilline on mucocutaneous symptoms of Behcet’s disease. Dermatology 1996, 192:125–128.
  • Çalgüneri M, Kiraz S, Ertenli I, et al: The effect of prophylactic penicillin treatment on the course of arthritis episodes in patients with Behcet’s disease: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:2062–2065.
  • Yoshikawa K, Kotake S, Matsuda H. Behçet’s disease and streptococcal antigens. Nippon- Rinsho Ophthalmologicae Japonicae 1996, (3): 173-180
  • Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G: The role of heat shock proteins in Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003, 21:44–48.
  • ImamuraY,KurokawaMS, YoshikawaH, et al: Involvement of Th1 cells and heat shock protein 60 in the pathogenesis of intestinal Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2005, :371–378.
  • Celet B, Akman-Demir G, Serdaroğlu P, et al: Anti-α-β-crystallin immunoreactivity in inflammatory nervous system diseases. J Neurol 2000, 247:935–939.
  • Mochizuki M. Immunotherapy for Behçet’s disease. Int Immunol 1997, 14 (1):49-66
  • Esin S, Gül A, Hodara V, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Dilsen N, Konice M, Andersson R, Wigzell H. Peripheral blood Tcell expansions in patients with Behçet’s disease. Rheumatology 2001,40 (8): 933.
  • Freysdottir J, Lau S, Fortune F:  T cells in Behc¸et’s disease (BD) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Clin Exp Immunol 1999, :451–457.
  • Yamashita N, Kaneko H, Kaneko S, Takeno M, Oneda K, Koizumi H, Kogure M, Inaba G, Sakane T. Role of gamma delta T lymphcytes in the development of Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1997, 107:2, 241-247.
  • Turan B, Gallati H, Erdi H, Gürler A, Michel BA. Systemic levels of the T cell regulatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-12 in Behçet’s disease. J Rheumatol 1997, 24 (1): 128-132.
  • Houman H, Hamzaoui A, Ben Ghorbal I, et al: Abnormal expression of chemokine receptors in Behc¸et’s disease: relationship to intracellular Th1/Th2 cytokines and to clinical manifestations. J Autoimmun 2004,23:267– ,
  • ImamuraY,KurokawaMS, YoshikawaH, et al: Involvement of Th1 cells and heat shock protein 60 in the pathogenesis of intestinal Behcet’s disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2005, :371–378.
  • Treudler R, Zoubolis CC, Buttner P, Detmar M, Orfanos CE. Enhanced interaction of patients’ lymphocytes with human dermal microvascular endothelial cell cultures in active Adamantiades-Behçet disease. Arch Dermatol 1996,132 (11):1323-1329.
  • Iijima S, Otsuka F. Peripheral blood neutrophil rheology measured by micropore filtration reflects Behçet’s disease activity well. J Dermatol Sci 1997, 15 (1): 440-508.
  • Accardo-Palumbo A, Triolo G, Carbone MC, Ferrante A, Ciccia F, Giardina E. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte myelo- peroxidase levels in patients with Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000, 18 (4): 498.
  • Şahin S, Lawrence R, Direskeneli H, Hamuryudan V, Yazıcı H, Akoğlu T. Monocyte activity in Behçet's disease. Brit J Rheumatol , 35 (5): 424-429. Sayınalp N, Özcebe OI, Özdemir O, Haznedaroğlu IC, Dündar S, Kirazlı S. Cytokines in Behçet's disease. J Rheumatol ,23 (2): 321-322. Hirohata S, Isshı K, Oguchi H, Ohse T, Haraoka H, Takeuchi A, Hashimato T.Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 in progressive Neuro-Behçet's syndrome. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997, 82 (1): 12-17.
  • Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A, Hentati F, Kahan A, Ayed K, Chan Ben Hamida M, Hamza M. Phenotype and functional profile of T cells expression gamma delta receptor from patients with active Behçet's disease. J Rheumatol ,21(12): 2301-2306.
  • Erkılıç¸ K, Evereklioğlu C, Çekmen M, et al: Adenosine deaminase enzyme activity is increased and negatively correlates with catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in patients with Behcet’s disease: original contributions/clinical and laboratory investigations. Mediators Inflamm 2003, :107–116.
  • Köse K, Yazıcı C, Asçıoğlu Ö. The evaluation of lipid peroxidation and adenosine deaminase activity in patients with Behcet’s disease. Clin Biochem 2001, 34:125–129.
  • Evereklioğlu C. Current Concepts in the Etiology and Treatment of Behcet Disease. Survey Of Ophthalmology.2005, 50(4):297
  • Taylor PV, Chamberlain MA, Scott JS. Autoreactivity in patients with Behçet's disease. Brit J Rheumatol 1993,32 (10): 908
  • Burrows NP, Zhao MH, Norris PG, Lockwood CM. ANCA associated with Behçet’s disease. J Roy Soc Med 1996, 89 (1): 47-48.
  • Evereklioğlu C, Çekmen M, Özkiris¸ A, et al: The pathophysiological significance of red blood cell nitric oxide concentrations in inflammatory Behcet’s disease. Mediators Inflamm, 2003,12:255–256.
  • Chen KR, Kawahara Y, Miyakawa S, Nishikawa T. Cutaneous vasculitis in Behçet’s disease: a clinical and histopathologic study of patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997, 36 (5) Pt1: 689-696.
  • Erel A, Özsoy E, Biberoğlu G, et al: Serum levels of vitamins A, C,andE, beta-carotene, selenium,and zinc in patients with Behçet’s disease: a controlled study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2003, 95:97–106.
  • Kökçam I, Naziroğlu M: Effects of vitamin E supplementation on blood antioxidants levels in patients with Behcet’s disease. Clin Biochem , 35:633–639. Noyan T, Şahin I, Şekeroğlu MR, Dülger H: The serum vitamin C levels in Behçet’s disease. Yonsei Med J 2003, 44:771–778.
  • Borlu M, Asçıoğlu O, Uksal U, Utas S. ICAM- Levels in Behçet’s Disease and Correlation with Disease Activity Abstracts of the 11th Congress of the Europan Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Blackwell science Prague 2001; Free Communications FC5-5.
  • Duygulu F, Evereklioğlu C, Çalıs¸ M, et al: Synovial nitric oxide concentrations are increased and correlated with serum levels in patients with active Behçet’s disease; a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol 2005, 24(4):324-330.
  • Bouloumie´ A, Schini-Kerth VB, Busse R: Vascular endothelial growth factor up- regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 1999,

Etiopathogenesis of Behçet’s Disease

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 63 - 73, 01.03.2007

Öz

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystem disorder with unpredictable exacerbations and remissions. The Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behcet first described it in 1937 as recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis. Today it is a well-known the disease characterized by oral aphthae, genital ulcers, arthritis, cutaneous lesions, and, ocular, gastrointestinal, neurological and other manifestations without exception. It affects mainly people living around the Mediterranean area and in Japan, especially on The Silk Road. The mean age of onset is 30 years. Children are rarely affected although neonatal cases have been reported. Infectious agents, immune mechanism, and genetic factors are implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the disease, which remains to be elucidated. The pathology of the lesions consists of widespread vasculitis. The prognosis of the disease may be improved with early diagnosis and suitable treatment

Kaynakça

  • Behcet H. Uber rezidivierende Aphthose, durch ein Virus verursachte Geschwure am Mund, am Auge und an den Genitalien. Dermatol ochenschr 1937,105:1152–1157.
  • Evereklioğlu C. Current Consept in the Etiology and Treatment Of Behçet Disease: reply Survey Of Ophthalmology.2005,51(2):174-175.
  • Ghate JV, Jarizzo JL. Behçet’s disease and complex aphthosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999, (1): 1-18
  • Kastner DL. Intermittant and Periodic Arthritic Syndromes in Arthritis and Allied Conditions. William J Kopman. Williams & Wilkins 13th edition. Pennsylvania 1997, pp1291-1297.
  • Valente RM, Hall S, O’Duffy JD, Conn DL. Vasculitic Syndromes in Textbook of Rheumatology. Kelly WN, Ruddy S, Harris ED, Sledge CB. WB Saunders Company fifth edition. Pennsylvania 1997, pp 1114-1116
  • Yurdakul S, Tüzün Y, Mat MC, Özyazgan Y, Yazıcı H. Behçet Sendromu. Dermatoloji Kitabı. Tüzün Y, Kotoğyan A, Aydemir EH, Baransü O. II. baskı. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri İstanbul 1994, ss 393-399.
  • Dilsen N. History and development of Behçet’s disease. Rev Rhum (English Edition) 1996, 63 (7-8): 512-519.
  • Intenational Study Group For Behçet’s Disease. Criteria for diagnosis of Behçet’s Disease. Lancet 1990, 335 (1):1078-1080.
  • O’Neill TW, Rigby AS, Silman AJ, Barnes C. Validation of the International Study Group criteria for Behçet’s disease. Brit J Dermatol , 33 (2): 115-117
  • Krause I, Uziel Y, Guedj D, Mukamel M, Molad Y, Amit M, Weinberger A. Mode of presentation and multysystem involment in Behçet’s disease: the influence of sex and age of disease onset. J Rheumatol, 1998, 25 (8): 1566-1569.
  • Kaklamani VG, Vaiopulos G, Kaklamanis PG. Behçet’s disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1998, (4): 197-217.
  • Borlu M, Aşçıoğlu Ö, Kartal D, Yıldız H, Ferahbaş, A, Utaş S, Aktaş E, Ukşal Ü. 1998- yılları arasında takip ettiğimiz Behçet hastalarının klinik bulguları. 10. Ulusal Behçet Hastalığı Kongresi İstanbul 2006, B5:24
  • Sakane T. New perspective on Behçet’s disease. Int Immunol 1997, 14 (1): 89-96.
  • Whallett AJ, Thurairajan G, Hamburger J, Palmer RG. Behçet’s disease: a multidisciplinary approach to clinical care. QJM 2000, 93 (6): 385.
  • Atmaca LS, İdil A, Batıoğlu F. A descriptive study on Behçet’s disease. Acta Ophthalmol Scan 1996, 74 (4): 403-406.
  • Yazıcı H, Tüzün Y, Pazarlı H, Yurdakul S, Özyazgan Y, Özdoğan H, Serdaroğlu S, Ersanlı M, Ülkü BY, Müftüoğlu AÜ. Influence of age of onset and patient’s sex on the prevelance and severity of manifestations of Behçet’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1984,43: 783-789.
  • Borlu M, Ukşal Ü, Ferahbaş A, Evereklioğlu C. Clinical features of Behçet’s disease. Int J Dermatol 2006, 45:713-416.
  • Kari JA, Shah V, Dillion MJ. Behçet’s disease in UK children: clinical features and treatment including thalidomide. Rheumatology 2001, 40 (8): 993-998.
  • Fam AG, Siminovitch KA, Carette S, From L. Neonatal Behçet’s syndrome in an infant of a mother with the disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1981, (5): 509-512.
  • Lewis MA, Priestley BL. Transient neonatal Behçet’s disease. Arch Dis Child 1986, 61 (8): 806.
  • Nishiura K, Koteke S, Ichiishi A, Matsuda H. Familial occurence of Behçet’s disease. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1996, 40 (2): 255-259.
  • Vaiopulos G, Sfikakis PP, Hatzinikalou P, Stamatelos G, Kaklamanis P. Adamantiadis- Behçet’s disease in sisters. Clin Rheum 1996, (4): 382-384.
  • Main DM, Chamberlain AM. Clinical differantitation of oral ulceration in Behçet’s disease. Brit J Rheum 1992, 31 (11): 767-770.
  • Hirohata T, Kuratsune M, Nomura A, Jimi S: Prevalence of Behçet’s syndrome in Hawaii. With particular reference to the comparison of the Japanese in Hawaii and Japan. Hawaii Med J 1975, 34:244–246.
  • Zouboulis CC, Kotter I, Djawari D, et al: Epidemiological features of Adamantiades- Behçet’s disease in Germany and in Europe. Yonsei Med J 1997, 38:411–422.
  • Emmi L, Brugnolo F, Marchione T. Pathogenesis and therapy of Behçet’s disease. Ann Ital Med Int 1997, 2 (1): 20-25.
  • Sakane T, Suzuki N, Nagafuchi H. Etiopathology of Behçet’s disease: immunological aspects. Yonsei Med J 1997, 38 (6): 350-358.
  • Lehner T. Immunopathogenesis of Behçet’s disease. Ann Med Interne 1999, 15 (6):483
  • Gül A, İnanç M, Öcal L, et al: Familial aggregation of Behcet’s disease in Turkey. Ann Rheum Dis 2000, 59: 622–625.
  • Aygündüz M, Bavbek N, Öztürk M, et al: Serum beta 2-microglobulin reflects disease activity in Behcet’s disease. Rheumatol Int , 22:5–8. Ota M, Mizuki N, Katsuyama Y, et al: The critical region for Behc¸et disease in the human major histocompatibility complex is reduced to a 46-kb segment centromeric of HLA-B, by association analysis using refined microsatellite mapping. Am J Hum Genet , 64:1406–1410.
  • Sakane T, Miura K. Research for basic and clinical aspects of Behçet’s disease. Jpn J Clin Med 1996, 54 (3): 870-884
  • Mizuki N, Ohno S. Immunogenetic studies of Behçet’s disease. Rev Rhum 1996, 63 (7-8): 527
  • Gürler A, Boyvat A, Behçet hastalığının immunopatogenezi. II. Ege Dermatoimmuno- loji Simpozyum Kitabı. İzmir 1997, ss 29-38.
  • Lehner T. The role of heat shock protein, microbial and autoimmune agents in the aetiology of Behçet’s disease. Int Immunol ,14 (1): 21-32
  • Sun A, Chang JG, Kao CL, Liu BY, Wang JT, Chu CT. Human cytomegalovirus as a potential etiologic agent in recurrent aphthous ulcers and Behçet’s disease. Journal of Oral Pathol Med 1996, 25 (5): 212-218
  • Lee S, Bang D, Cho YH, Lee ES, Shon S. Polymerase chain reaction reveals herpes simplex virus DNA in saliva of patients with Behçet’s disease. Arch Dermatol Res 1996, (4): 179-183
  • Çalgüneri M, Ertenli I, Kiraz S, et al: Effect of prophylactic benzathine penicilline on mucocutaneous symptoms of Behcet’s disease. Dermatology 1996, 192:125–128.
  • Çalgüneri M, Kiraz S, Ertenli I, et al: The effect of prophylactic penicillin treatment on the course of arthritis episodes in patients with Behcet’s disease: a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:2062–2065.
  • Yoshikawa K, Kotake S, Matsuda H. Behçet’s disease and streptococcal antigens. Nippon- Rinsho Ophthalmologicae Japonicae 1996, (3): 173-180
  • Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G: The role of heat shock proteins in Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003, 21:44–48.
  • ImamuraY,KurokawaMS, YoshikawaH, et al: Involvement of Th1 cells and heat shock protein 60 in the pathogenesis of intestinal Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2005, :371–378.
  • Celet B, Akman-Demir G, Serdaroğlu P, et al: Anti-α-β-crystallin immunoreactivity in inflammatory nervous system diseases. J Neurol 2000, 247:935–939.
  • Mochizuki M. Immunotherapy for Behçet’s disease. Int Immunol 1997, 14 (1):49-66
  • Esin S, Gül A, Hodara V, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Dilsen N, Konice M, Andersson R, Wigzell H. Peripheral blood Tcell expansions in patients with Behçet’s disease. Rheumatology 2001,40 (8): 933.
  • Freysdottir J, Lau S, Fortune F:  T cells in Behc¸et’s disease (BD) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Clin Exp Immunol 1999, :451–457.
  • Yamashita N, Kaneko H, Kaneko S, Takeno M, Oneda K, Koizumi H, Kogure M, Inaba G, Sakane T. Role of gamma delta T lymphcytes in the development of Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1997, 107:2, 241-247.
  • Turan B, Gallati H, Erdi H, Gürler A, Michel BA. Systemic levels of the T cell regulatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-12 in Behçet’s disease. J Rheumatol 1997, 24 (1): 128-132.
  • Houman H, Hamzaoui A, Ben Ghorbal I, et al: Abnormal expression of chemokine receptors in Behc¸et’s disease: relationship to intracellular Th1/Th2 cytokines and to clinical manifestations. J Autoimmun 2004,23:267– ,
  • ImamuraY,KurokawaMS, YoshikawaH, et al: Involvement of Th1 cells and heat shock protein 60 in the pathogenesis of intestinal Behcet’s disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2005, :371–378.
  • Treudler R, Zoubolis CC, Buttner P, Detmar M, Orfanos CE. Enhanced interaction of patients’ lymphocytes with human dermal microvascular endothelial cell cultures in active Adamantiades-Behçet disease. Arch Dermatol 1996,132 (11):1323-1329.
  • Iijima S, Otsuka F. Peripheral blood neutrophil rheology measured by micropore filtration reflects Behçet’s disease activity well. J Dermatol Sci 1997, 15 (1): 440-508.
  • Accardo-Palumbo A, Triolo G, Carbone MC, Ferrante A, Ciccia F, Giardina E. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte myelo- peroxidase levels in patients with Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000, 18 (4): 498.
  • Şahin S, Lawrence R, Direskeneli H, Hamuryudan V, Yazıcı H, Akoğlu T. Monocyte activity in Behçet's disease. Brit J Rheumatol , 35 (5): 424-429. Sayınalp N, Özcebe OI, Özdemir O, Haznedaroğlu IC, Dündar S, Kirazlı S. Cytokines in Behçet's disease. J Rheumatol ,23 (2): 321-322. Hirohata S, Isshı K, Oguchi H, Ohse T, Haraoka H, Takeuchi A, Hashimato T.Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 in progressive Neuro-Behçet's syndrome. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997, 82 (1): 12-17.
  • Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A, Hentati F, Kahan A, Ayed K, Chan Ben Hamida M, Hamza M. Phenotype and functional profile of T cells expression gamma delta receptor from patients with active Behçet's disease. J Rheumatol ,21(12): 2301-2306.
  • Erkılıç¸ K, Evereklioğlu C, Çekmen M, et al: Adenosine deaminase enzyme activity is increased and negatively correlates with catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in patients with Behcet’s disease: original contributions/clinical and laboratory investigations. Mediators Inflamm 2003, :107–116.
  • Köse K, Yazıcı C, Asçıoğlu Ö. The evaluation of lipid peroxidation and adenosine deaminase activity in patients with Behcet’s disease. Clin Biochem 2001, 34:125–129.
  • Evereklioğlu C. Current Concepts in the Etiology and Treatment of Behcet Disease. Survey Of Ophthalmology.2005, 50(4):297
  • Taylor PV, Chamberlain MA, Scott JS. Autoreactivity in patients with Behçet's disease. Brit J Rheumatol 1993,32 (10): 908
  • Burrows NP, Zhao MH, Norris PG, Lockwood CM. ANCA associated with Behçet’s disease. J Roy Soc Med 1996, 89 (1): 47-48.
  • Evereklioğlu C, Çekmen M, Özkiris¸ A, et al: The pathophysiological significance of red blood cell nitric oxide concentrations in inflammatory Behcet’s disease. Mediators Inflamm, 2003,12:255–256.
  • Chen KR, Kawahara Y, Miyakawa S, Nishikawa T. Cutaneous vasculitis in Behçet’s disease: a clinical and histopathologic study of patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997, 36 (5) Pt1: 689-696.
  • Erel A, Özsoy E, Biberoğlu G, et al: Serum levels of vitamins A, C,andE, beta-carotene, selenium,and zinc in patients with Behçet’s disease: a controlled study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2003, 95:97–106.
  • Kökçam I, Naziroğlu M: Effects of vitamin E supplementation on blood antioxidants levels in patients with Behcet’s disease. Clin Biochem , 35:633–639. Noyan T, Şahin I, Şekeroğlu MR, Dülger H: The serum vitamin C levels in Behçet’s disease. Yonsei Med J 2003, 44:771–778.
  • Borlu M, Asçıoğlu O, Uksal U, Utas S. ICAM- Levels in Behçet’s Disease and Correlation with Disease Activity Abstracts of the 11th Congress of the Europan Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Blackwell science Prague 2001; Free Communications FC5-5.
  • Duygulu F, Evereklioğlu C, Çalıs¸ M, et al: Synovial nitric oxide concentrations are increased and correlated with serum levels in patients with active Behçet’s disease; a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol 2005, 24(4):324-330.
  • Bouloumie´ A, Schini-Kerth VB, Busse R: Vascular endothelial growth factor up- regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 1999,
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA27NB84VZ
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Murat Borlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2007
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Mart 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Borlu, M. (2007). BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 63-73.
AMA Borlu M. BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ. JHS. Mart 2007;16(1):63-73.
Chicago Borlu, Murat. “BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 16, sy. 1 (Mart 2007): 63-73.
EndNote Borlu M (01 Mart 2007) BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 16 1 63–73.
IEEE M. Borlu, “BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ”, JHS, c. 16, sy. 1, ss. 63–73, 2007.
ISNAD Borlu, Murat. “BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 16/1 (Mart 2007), 63-73.
JAMA Borlu M. BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ. JHS. 2007;16:63–73.
MLA Borlu, Murat. “BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 1, 2007, ss. 63-73.
Vancouver Borlu M. BEHÇET HASTALIĞINDA ETYOPATOGENEZ. JHS. 2007;16(1):63-7.