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GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 129 - 136, 01.06.2011

Öz

Bu çalışmada, doğal enfekte giardiosis’li köpeklerde trombosit sayısı, protrombin zamanı (PT), aktive edilmiş kısmi tromboplastin zamanı (aPTT), trombin zamanı (TT) ve fibrinojen gibi bazı kan pıhtılaşma parametrelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu parametlerin yanında hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler de ölçülmüştür. Bu amaçla Kayseri yöresindeki iki farklı köpek yetiştirme barınağından toplanan yaşları 1-3 arasında değişen farklı cinsiyette (84’ü erkek, 86’sı dişi) toplam 170 hayvan çalışmaya alınmıştır. Klinik muayeneler sonucunda birkaç günlük yumuşak sulu dışkı şikayeti olan ve pratik antijenik test kitleri ile yapılan testler sonucu Giardia pozitif tespit edilen 60 adet köpek çalışma grubunu oluşturdu (Grup 1). Çalışmanın kontrol grubunu ise yapılan klinik muayenelerde sağlıklı olduğu belirlenen ve antijenik kitlerle Giardia negatif tespit edilen 30 adet köpek oluşturdu (Grup 2). Her iki gruptaki köpeklerden EDTA’lı, Sodyum sitrat’lı ve antikoagulantsız tüplere kan örnekleri alındı. Yapılan hematolojik muayenelerde, Grup 1’de ortalama lökosit değerlerinin kontrol grubu (Grup 2) değerlerinden istatistiksel açıdan daha yüksek (p<0.05) olduğu, ancak biyokimyasal parametreler ile pıhtılaşma faktörlerinin değişmediği belirlendi. Kliniğe getirilen ve şiddetli giardiosis belirlenen iki adet köpekte WBC sayısında artış ve anemi ile birlikte hematokrit ve hemoglobin seviyesinin düştüğü belirlendi. Fibrinojen seviyesinde artış ve TT zamanında uzama gözlendi. Ayrıca kliniğe getirilen bu köpeklerde ortalama ALP, LDH, Üre, Ca ve P değerlerinin normal referans değerlerinden ve Grup 1 ve 2’nin ortalama değerlerinden yüksek, glukoz ve albumin değerlerinin ise düşük olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuçta şiddetli giardiosisli köpeklerin klinik değerlendirilmesinde bu parametrelerin göz önüne alınabileceğine ve hasta sayılarının daha yüksek olduğu ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu kanısına varılmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Fayer R, Dubey JP, Lindsay DS. Zoonotic protozoa: from land to sea. Trends Parasitol 2004;20:531–536.
  • Thompson RC, Monis PT. Variation in Giardia: implications for taxonomy and epidemiology. Adv Parasitol 2004;58: 69– 137.
  • Liu J, Lee SE, Song KH. Prevalence of canine giardiosis in South Korea. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:416–418.
  • Meireles P, Ferreira FM, Soccol VT. Survey of giardiosis in household and shelter dogs from metropolitan areas of Curitiba, Parana state, Southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2008;152 : 242– 248.
  • Craige JE. Differential diagnosis and spesific therapy of disanteries in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1948;148:343-347.
  • Shaw PK, Brodsky RE, Lyman DO et al. A communtewide outbreak of Giardiasis with evidence of trasnmission by a municipal water supply. Ann Intern Med 1977;87:426-432.
  • Craun GF. Waterborne giardiasis in the United States: a review. Am J Public Health 1979;69: 817–819.
  • Dykes AC, Juranek DD, Lorenz RA et al. Municipal waterborne giardiasis: an epidemilogic investigation. Beavers implicated as a possible reservoir. Ann intern Med. 1980, 92:165-70.
  • Thompson RCA, Hopkins RM, Homan WL. Nomenclature and genetic groupings of Giardia infecting mammals. Parasitol Today 2000:16: 210–214.
  • Thompson RCA. The zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and giardiasis. Vet Parasitol 2004;126: 15–35.
  • Ruebush TK, Juranek DD, Brodsky RE. Diagnosis of intestinal parasites by state and territorial public health laboratories, 1976. J Infect Dis 1978;138: 114-117.
  • Pfeiffer H, Supperer R. Über den Giardiabefall der Hunde und sein Auftreten in Osterreich Wien TierarztI Mschr, 1976; 63: 1- 6.
  • Wolff K, Eckert J. Giardia infection of dogs and cats and its possible significance for man. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1979; 92:479-84.
  • Xiao L, Herd RP, McClure KE. Periparturient rise in the excretion of Giardia sp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts as a source of infection for lambs. J Parasitol 1994;80: 55 –59.
  • Nydam DV, Wade SE, Schaaf SL, Mohammed HO. Number of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts or Giardia spp. cysts shed by dairy calves after natural infection. Am J Vet Res 2001;62: 1612–1615.
  • Dupont HL, Sullivan PS. Giardiosis. The Clinical Spectrum Diagnosis and Therapy. Ped Infect, 1986;1: 131-137.
  • Bemrick WJ. Observations of dogs infected with Giardia. J Parasit 1963;49:1031-1032.
  • Leonhard S, Pfister K, Beelitz P et al. The molecular characterisation of Giardia from dogs in southern Germany. Vet Parasitol 2007; 150:33–38.
  • Thompson RCA, Palmer CS, O’Handley R. The public health and clinical significance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in domestic animals. Vet J 2008;177:18–25.
  • Capelli G, Paletti B, Iorio R et al. Prevalence of Giardia spp. in dogs and humans in Northern and Central Italy. Parasitol Res 2003;90:154–155.
  • Capelli G, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Iorio R et al. Giardia species and other intestinal parasites in dogs in north-east and central Italy. Vet Rec 2006;159:422–424.
  • Budak S. Giardiosis In: Özcel MA (Ed.) GAP ve Parazit hastalıkları. T Parazitol Derg, 1993; 1: 121-144.
  • Leib MS, Zajac AM. Giardiasis in dogs and cats. Vet Med 1999;9: 793–802.
  • Bianciardi P, Papini R, Giuliani G, Cardini G. Prevalence of Giardia antigen in stool samples from dogs and cats. Revue Méd Vét 2004;155: 417–421.
  • Barr SC, Bowman DD. Giardiasis in dogs and cats. 1994;16:603–614. Educ Pract Vet
  • Markel E, Voge M, John DT. Medical Parasitology. 7 th ed. W.B. Saunders Company, 1992; pp 63-70.
  • Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS and Kipps TJ. Williams Hematology. Fifth edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995.
  • Daldal N, Özensoy S. Giardia İntestinalis’in Morfolojisi ve Evrimi. In: Özcel MA, Üner A (eds). Giardiaosis. Ege Üniv. Basım evi, Tür- kiye parazitoloji derneği Yayın no:14 İzmir. 1997; 25-36.
  • Geurden T, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E. Is Giardia a significant pathogen in production animals? Exp Parasitol 2010;124: 98–106.
  • Yılmaz H, Dilek İ, Göz Y. Ascaris Lumbricoides İnfeksiyonlarında Bazı Kan Parametrelerinde- ki Değişiklikler. Van Tıp Derg 1999; 6:26-29.
  • Papini R, Marangi M, Mancianti F, Giangaspero A. Occurrence and cyst burden of Giardia duodenalis in dog faecal deposits from urban environmental contamination and related risks. Prev Vet Med 2009;92:158–162. for 32. Epe C, Ising-Volmer S, Stoye M. Parasitological Fecal Studies of Equids, Dogs, Cats and Hedgehogs During the Years 1984- 1991. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1993;100: 426.
  • Jacobs SR, Forrester CPR, Yang J. A survey of the prevalence of Giardia in dogs presented to Canadian veterinary practices. Can Vet J 2001;42:45–46.
  • Scaramozzino P, Di Cave D, Berrilli F, D’Orazi C, et al. A study of the prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis infecting kennelled dogs. Vet J 2009;182: 231–234.
  • Hansen EH, Nielsen AL, Monrad J, Vibe Petersen G. Giardiose hos hunde i Danmark. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 2000;83:13–17.
  • Nikolic A, Dimitijevic S, Djurkovic Diakovic O et al. Giardiasis in dogs and cats in the Belgrade area. Acta Veterinaria Beograd 2002;52:43–47.

The Evalution of Hematologic and Biochemical Parameters in Dog with Giardiosis

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 129 - 136, 01.06.2011

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the blood
clotting parameters such as prothrombin time (PT), activated
partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), trombine time (TT) and
fibrinogen in dogs with naturally infected giardiosis.
Additionally, the heamatological and biochemical
parameters were analysed in this study. For this purpose, a
total of 170 animals obtained from two dog shelters in
Kayseri province, aged between 1-3 years, different sex (84
males and 86 females) were included in this study. Sixty
Giardia-positive dogs detected with antigenic practical kits,
suffering from mild watery stools mild watery stools, were
served as Group 1. Thirthy clinically healthy Giardianegative dogs were used as control group (Group 2). Blood
samples were taken in to tubes with EDTA, Sodium-citrate
and tubes without any anticoagulants from the dogs in both
groups. In hematological examinations, the mean total
leukocyte values (WBC) in Group 1 were significantly(p
<0.05) higher than those of control group (Group II),but
none of the biochemical and blood clotting parameters
analyzed presented significant differences. Anemia,
leucocytosis, low haemotocrit and haemoglobin levels were
observed in two dogs showed severe symtomps of Giardiosis
in our clinic. High Fibrinogen levels and prolonged TT were
determined in these dogs. The mean Alkalen Phosphatase
(ALP), Lactat Dehidrogenase (LDH), Urea (BUN), calcium
(Ca) and Phosphorus (P) levels of these two dogs were
higher than those of the both groups and the reference
values, but the mean glucose and albumin levels were lower
than those of the both groups. In conlusion, parameters of
WBC, TT, fibrinogen, ALP, LDH, BUN, Ca, P, glucose,
albumin should be taken into consideration at the clinical
and laboratory evaluation of the dogs with severe clinical
symptoms. Hovewer, further studies including high number
of dogs with severe Giardia infection are needed.

Kaynakça

  • Fayer R, Dubey JP, Lindsay DS. Zoonotic protozoa: from land to sea. Trends Parasitol 2004;20:531–536.
  • Thompson RC, Monis PT. Variation in Giardia: implications for taxonomy and epidemiology. Adv Parasitol 2004;58: 69– 137.
  • Liu J, Lee SE, Song KH. Prevalence of canine giardiosis in South Korea. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:416–418.
  • Meireles P, Ferreira FM, Soccol VT. Survey of giardiosis in household and shelter dogs from metropolitan areas of Curitiba, Parana state, Southern Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2008;152 : 242– 248.
  • Craige JE. Differential diagnosis and spesific therapy of disanteries in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1948;148:343-347.
  • Shaw PK, Brodsky RE, Lyman DO et al. A communtewide outbreak of Giardiasis with evidence of trasnmission by a municipal water supply. Ann Intern Med 1977;87:426-432.
  • Craun GF. Waterborne giardiasis in the United States: a review. Am J Public Health 1979;69: 817–819.
  • Dykes AC, Juranek DD, Lorenz RA et al. Municipal waterborne giardiasis: an epidemilogic investigation. Beavers implicated as a possible reservoir. Ann intern Med. 1980, 92:165-70.
  • Thompson RCA, Hopkins RM, Homan WL. Nomenclature and genetic groupings of Giardia infecting mammals. Parasitol Today 2000:16: 210–214.
  • Thompson RCA. The zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and giardiasis. Vet Parasitol 2004;126: 15–35.
  • Ruebush TK, Juranek DD, Brodsky RE. Diagnosis of intestinal parasites by state and territorial public health laboratories, 1976. J Infect Dis 1978;138: 114-117.
  • Pfeiffer H, Supperer R. Über den Giardiabefall der Hunde und sein Auftreten in Osterreich Wien TierarztI Mschr, 1976; 63: 1- 6.
  • Wolff K, Eckert J. Giardia infection of dogs and cats and its possible significance for man. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1979; 92:479-84.
  • Xiao L, Herd RP, McClure KE. Periparturient rise in the excretion of Giardia sp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts as a source of infection for lambs. J Parasitol 1994;80: 55 –59.
  • Nydam DV, Wade SE, Schaaf SL, Mohammed HO. Number of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts or Giardia spp. cysts shed by dairy calves after natural infection. Am J Vet Res 2001;62: 1612–1615.
  • Dupont HL, Sullivan PS. Giardiosis. The Clinical Spectrum Diagnosis and Therapy. Ped Infect, 1986;1: 131-137.
  • Bemrick WJ. Observations of dogs infected with Giardia. J Parasit 1963;49:1031-1032.
  • Leonhard S, Pfister K, Beelitz P et al. The molecular characterisation of Giardia from dogs in southern Germany. Vet Parasitol 2007; 150:33–38.
  • Thompson RCA, Palmer CS, O’Handley R. The public health and clinical significance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in domestic animals. Vet J 2008;177:18–25.
  • Capelli G, Paletti B, Iorio R et al. Prevalence of Giardia spp. in dogs and humans in Northern and Central Italy. Parasitol Res 2003;90:154–155.
  • Capelli G, Frangipane di Regalbono A, Iorio R et al. Giardia species and other intestinal parasites in dogs in north-east and central Italy. Vet Rec 2006;159:422–424.
  • Budak S. Giardiosis In: Özcel MA (Ed.) GAP ve Parazit hastalıkları. T Parazitol Derg, 1993; 1: 121-144.
  • Leib MS, Zajac AM. Giardiasis in dogs and cats. Vet Med 1999;9: 793–802.
  • Bianciardi P, Papini R, Giuliani G, Cardini G. Prevalence of Giardia antigen in stool samples from dogs and cats. Revue Méd Vét 2004;155: 417–421.
  • Barr SC, Bowman DD. Giardiasis in dogs and cats. 1994;16:603–614. Educ Pract Vet
  • Markel E, Voge M, John DT. Medical Parasitology. 7 th ed. W.B. Saunders Company, 1992; pp 63-70.
  • Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS and Kipps TJ. Williams Hematology. Fifth edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995.
  • Daldal N, Özensoy S. Giardia İntestinalis’in Morfolojisi ve Evrimi. In: Özcel MA, Üner A (eds). Giardiaosis. Ege Üniv. Basım evi, Tür- kiye parazitoloji derneği Yayın no:14 İzmir. 1997; 25-36.
  • Geurden T, Vercruysse J, Claerebout E. Is Giardia a significant pathogen in production animals? Exp Parasitol 2010;124: 98–106.
  • Yılmaz H, Dilek İ, Göz Y. Ascaris Lumbricoides İnfeksiyonlarında Bazı Kan Parametrelerinde- ki Değişiklikler. Van Tıp Derg 1999; 6:26-29.
  • Papini R, Marangi M, Mancianti F, Giangaspero A. Occurrence and cyst burden of Giardia duodenalis in dog faecal deposits from urban environmental contamination and related risks. Prev Vet Med 2009;92:158–162. for 32. Epe C, Ising-Volmer S, Stoye M. Parasitological Fecal Studies of Equids, Dogs, Cats and Hedgehogs During the Years 1984- 1991. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1993;100: 426.
  • Jacobs SR, Forrester CPR, Yang J. A survey of the prevalence of Giardia in dogs presented to Canadian veterinary practices. Can Vet J 2001;42:45–46.
  • Scaramozzino P, Di Cave D, Berrilli F, D’Orazi C, et al. A study of the prevalence and genotypes of Giardia duodenalis infecting kennelled dogs. Vet J 2009;182: 231–234.
  • Hansen EH, Nielsen AL, Monrad J, Vibe Petersen G. Giardiose hos hunde i Danmark. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 2000;83:13–17.
  • Nikolic A, Dimitijevic S, Djurkovic Diakovic O et al. Giardiasis in dogs and cats in the Belgrade area. Acta Veterinaria Beograd 2002;52:43–47.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA69FV65EH
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Sarı Bu kişi benim

Ali Cesur Onmaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2011
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Haziran 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarı, M., & Onmaz, A. C. (2011). GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(2), 129-136.
AMA Sarı M, Onmaz AC. GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JHS. Haziran 2011;20(2):129-136.
Chicago Sarı, Mustafa, ve Ali Cesur Onmaz. “GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 20, sy. 2 (Haziran 2011): 129-36.
EndNote Sarı M, Onmaz AC (01 Haziran 2011) GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 20 2 129–136.
IEEE M. Sarı ve A. C. Onmaz, “GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, JHS, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 129–136, 2011.
ISNAD Sarı, Mustafa - Onmaz, Ali Cesur. “GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 20/2 (Haziran 2011), 129-136.
JAMA Sarı M, Onmaz AC. GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JHS. 2011;20:129–136.
MLA Sarı, Mustafa ve Ali Cesur Onmaz. “GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 2, 2011, ss. 129-36.
Vancouver Sarı M, Onmaz AC. GIARDIOSIS’Lİ KÖPEKLERDE HEMATOLOJİK VE BİYOKİMYASAL GÖSTERGELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JHS. 2011;20(2):129-36.