DONÖR İNEKLERİN BESLEMESİNDE KORUNMUŞ METİYONİN KULLANILMASININ EMBRİYO KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, donör ineklerin beslenmesinde rumende korunmuş metiyonin katkısının embriyo kalitesine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada 14 adet Holştayn ırkı inek kontrol ve deneme grubu olarak ikiye ayrıldı. Donör olarak kullanılan ineklerin canlı ağırlık (500-550 kg), laktasyon dönemi (1-2 laktasyon) ve süt verimi (günlük 30-35 litre) gibi özellikleri benzerdir. Çalışmada alıcı olarak ise 56 tane Holştayn inek kullanıldı (ortalama 550 kg canlı ağırlığında ve 1. laktasyonda). Hayvanlar mısır silajı, yonca kuru otu, saman ve konsantre yemden oluşan bazal rasyon ile beslendi. Deneme grubunda bulunan ineklere deneme süresince kontrol rasyonuna ilave olarak her hayvan için 15 gram/gün korunmuş metiyonin oral yolla verildi. Kontrol ve deneme grubu 20 gün süreyle yukarıda bahsedilen rasyon ile beslendikten sonra “Süperovulasyon Protokolü” uygulamalarına başlandı. Süperovulasyon Protokolü uygulamaları esnasında besleme programında değişiklik yapılmadı. FSH hormonu enjeksiyonu yapılmadan ve uterusu yıkamaya başlamadan önce korpus luteum (Cl) sayısı, yoğunluğu ve çapı ultrason yardımı ile belirlendi. Araştırmanın sonucunda, süperovulasyon sonrası Cl sayısı bakımından gruplar arasında bir farklılığın olmadığı tespit edildi (P>0.05). Embriyolar uterus yıkaması yapılarak toplandı. Bulunan embriyolar kalite ve gelişim safhalarına göre sınıflandırıldı. Gruplar arasında bir farklılık görülmedi (P>0.05). Bulunan embriyolar taşıyıcı hayvanlara transfer edildi. Embriyo tranferinden sonra 50. gün de gebelik kontrolleri ultrason ile yapıldı. Gebelik oranı, kontrol ve deneme grubu arasında herhangi bir farklılık göstermedi (P>0.05). Sonuç olarak, korunmuş metiyoninin toplam embriyo, transfer edilebilen ve edilemeyen embriyo, gebelik ve fertilize olmamış ovum sayıları ve oranları arasında istatistiki bakımından etkisi önemli bulunmadı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Besleme, Üreme, Genetik, Korunmuş Metiyonin, Embriyo Transferi

Searching the Effect of Using Protected Metiıonine on Embryo Qality Wiıle Feeding Donor Cows

Öz

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ruminally protected methionine on embryo quality of donor cows. In this study, a total of 14 Holstein cows were randomly allocated into two groups, one control and one treatment group. The properties of donor cows such as average weight (500-550 kg), lactation period (1-2 lactation), milk production (between 30-35 kg milk/day). Were similar a total of 56 Holstein cows were used as recipient animals (average 550 kg live weight, 1st lactation). Feed with a basal ration was composed of corn silage, alfalfa hay, straw and a concentrate mix. The duration of the study 15 grams/day protected methionine was given orally as an addition to a control ration to the cows in the treatment group. Control and treatment group were fed through 20 days as it was mentioned before. Then, ‘Superovulation Protocol’ applications were started. During the application of Superovulation Protocol, no change was made in the feeding programme. Before injecting FSH and washing uterus, the numbers of corpus luteum, density of corpus luteum and diameter of corpus luteum (CI) were determined by ultrasonography. As a result of the research, after the Superovulation, it was seen that there was no difference between the groups in terms of the Cl numbers (P>0.05). Embryos were picked up by flushing the uterus. Found embryos were classified according to their quality and development phase. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). After the embryos which were found were transferred to the recipient cows, pregnancy control was performed by ultrasound controls in 50th day. No statistically significant difference was detected in pregnancy rates between the control and treated group (P>0.05). In conclusion, there was not found any statistically significant difference between groups in terms of the number of total embryos, number of transferable embryos and not transferable embryos, preganacy rate and number of unfertilized ovum

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Feeding, Breeding, Genetics, Protected Methionine, Embryo Transferring

Kaynakça

1. 1. Smith C. Applications of embryo transfer in animal breeding. Theriogenology 1988; 29(1):203-212.
2. 2. Santos JEP, Cerri RLA, Sartori R. Nutritional management of the donor cow. Theriogenology 2008; 69(1):88–97.
3. 3. Ayaşan T, Karakozak E. Donör ineklerin beslenmesi. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2010; 16(3):523-530.
4. 4. Robinson JJ, Ashworth CJ, Rooke JA, Mitchell LM, McEvoy TG. Nutrition and fertility in ruminant livestock. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2006; 126(3):259-276.
5. 5. Ferguson JD, Chalupa W. Impact of protein nutrition on reproduction in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 1989; 72(3):746-766.
6. 6. Butler WR. Effect of protein nutrition on ovarian and uterine physiology in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 1998; 81(9):2533-2539.
7. 7. Nikkah A, Kianzad D, Hajhosseini A, Zaybeyk A. Protected methionıne prolonged provision summer production and reproduction of lactating dairy cows. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 16(12):558-563, 2013 ISSN 1028-880 / DOI:10.3923/pjbs. 2013.558.563.
8. 8. Pen˜’agaricano F, Souza AH, Carvalho PD, et al. Effect of maternal methionine supplementation on the transcriptome of bovine preimplantation embryos. PloS one 2013; 8(8): e72302.

9. 9. Coelho CN, Klein NW. Methionine and neural tube closure in cultured rat embryos: morphological and biochemical analyses. Teratology 1990; 42 (4):437-451.
10. 10. Ikeda S, Sugimoto M, Kume S. Importance of methionine metabolism in morula- to-blastocyst transition in bovine preimplantation embryos. Journal of Reproductive and Development 2012; 58(1):91-97.
11. 11. Bonılla L, Luchını D, Devıllard E, Hansen PJ. Methionine Requirements for the Preimplantation Bovine Embryo Journal of Reproduction and Development 2010; 56(5):527-532.
12. 12. Rulquın H, Pısulewskı PM, Verıte R, Guınard J. Milk production and composition as a function of postruminal lysine and methionine supply: a nutrient-response approach. Livestock Production Science 1993; 37:69-90.
13. 13. Alonso M, Maquivar M, Galina CS, et al. Effect of ruminally protected methionine on the productive and reproductive performance of grazing Bos indicus heifers raised in the humid tropics of Costa Rica. Tropical Animal Health And Production 2008; 40(8):667-672.
14. 14. Gök K. Türkiyede Embriyo Transferinin Önemi-2. Tarım ve Teknik Dergisi Kayseri 2015; 2(4):56-59.
15. 15. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 14th ed., Inc., Arlington, Virginia 1984.
16. 16. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Symposium: carbohydrate methodology, metabolism, and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 1991; 74(10):3583-3597.
17. 17. Minitab Release 14, Statistical Software, Minitab Inc,USA2004.
18. 18. Wiltbank MC. Garcia-Guerra A, Carvalho PD, et al. Effects of energy and protein nutrition in the dam on embryonic development. Animal Reproduction 2014; 11(3):168-182.
19. 19. İzmirli M, Tufan T, Alptekin D. DNA metilasyonu. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 2012; 21(4):274- 282.
20. 20. Dikmen M. Metilentetrahidrofolat Redüktaz (MTHFR) enziminin moleküler biyolojisi ve hastalıklarla ilişkisi. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2004; 5( 2):9- 16.
21. 21. Souza AH, Carvalho PD, Dresch AR, et al. Effect of methionine supplementation during postpartum period in dairy cows II: embryo quality. Theriogenology 2016; 85(9):1669-1679.
22. 22. Hızlı H, Ayaşan T, Kılıçalp N, ve ark. Verici inek ve düvelerde tekrarlı superovulasyonların embriyo kalitesi üzerine etkisi. YYÜ Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2012; 23(1):11-14.
23. 23. Ayaşan T, Hızlı H, Çamlıdağ A, Kara U, Gök K, ve ark. The determination of relationship between milk production and the quality of embryo of donör cows. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 2011; 81(9):912-914.
24. 24. Hussein MM, Aziz RA, Abdel-Wahab A, El-Said H. Preliminary study of factors affecting the superovulatory response of high producing dairy cows super stimulate dregardless of thestage of estrouscycle in Egypt. Beni-Suef University Journal ofBasic and Applied Sciences 2014; 3(4):286-292.
25. 25. Novotny F, Lazar G, Valocky I, et al. Relation ship between milk production in donor cows and the yield and quality of embryos. Bullet Veterinary Institute Pulawy 2005; 49:303–305.
26. 26. Nebel RL, Mc-Gilliard ML. Interactions of high milk yield and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 1993; 76(10):3257– 3268.
27. 27. Acosta DAV, Denicol AC, Skenendore C, et al. Effect of methionine supplementation on methylation and lipid accumulation of the preimplantation embryo in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2014; 97:9-25.
28. 28. Toledo MZ, Baez GM, Garcia-Guerra A, et al. Effect of Supplementation with Rumenprotected Methionine on Reproduction in Lactating Dairy Cows Daıry Scıence Showcase 2015; Nov 3:1-27.