TÜRKİYE'DE COVID 19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE GEBELERİN YAŞADIKLARI ZORLUKLAR: NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 01.04.2024

Bahtışen Kartal , Aynur Kızılırmak

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1311848

Öz

Önceki pandemilerde olduğu gibi COVID19 pandemisinde de gebeler risk grubunda yer aldı. Risk grubunda olmak başa çıkmayı daha da zorlaştırabilir. Bu çalışma, gebelerin pandemi sürecinde yaşadıkları zorlukları belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu, fenomenolojik ve nitel bir çalışmadır. Çalışma 33 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında 10 sorudan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Nitel veriler içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma verileri kodlar kullanılarak kategorize edilmiş, ardından temalar ve alt temalar oluşturulmuştur.
Katılımcıların COVID19 pandemisi sırasında deneyimledikleri güçlü yönlerle ilgili dört tema ve on iki alt tema belirlendi. Bu dört tema (a) duygusal yük, (b) zorluk, (c) destek ve (d) doğum öncesi izlem olarak belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin duygusal olarak etkilenmeleri ve zorunlu sosyal izolasyon, gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonrası dönem gibi desteğe ihtiyaç duydukları dönemlerde gebelerin kendilerini yalnız hissetmelerine neden olmuştur. Gebe kadınlar yalnız kalmak isterken, bir yandan da yalnızlık duygusu hissettiler. Gebeler doğum öncesi bakım kontrollerini ertelemek zorunda kalırken, bazı hamileler doktorlarına ulaşamadı. Gebeler en çok bebeklerinin sağlığı ile ilgili endişe duyuyorlardı. Gebelik sırasında sosyal destek konusunda ambivalan duygulara sahiplerdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID 19, pandemi, gebelik, destek, doğum öncesi izlem

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY PREGNANT WOMEN DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC PROCESS IN TURKEY: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Öz

Pregnant women were in the risk group in the Covid 19 pandemic as in previous pandemics. Being in a risk group can make coping even more difficult. This study was conducted to determine the difficulties experienced by pregnant women during the pandemic process. This is a phenomenological and qualitative study. The study was conducted with 33 participants. An interview form consisting of 10 unstructured questions was used to collect the data. Qualitative data were evaluated with content analysis. The study data were categorized using codes, and then themes and sub-themes were created.
We found four themes and twelve sub-themes related to the strengths that participants experienced during the Covid 19 pandemic. These four themes were determined as (a)emotional burden, (b)challenge, (c)support and (d)prenatal care checkups. Pregnant women were emotionally affected and compulsory social isolation caused pregnant women to feel lonely during periods when support is needed such as pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period. Pregnant women wanted to be isolated, on the other hand, they felt a sense of loneliness. Pregnant women had to postpone their prenatal care checkups, and some pregnant women could not reach their doctor. Pregnant women were most concerned about the health of their babies. They had ambivalent feelings about social support during pregnancy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID 19, pandemic, pregnancy, prenatal care checkups, support

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

• Dashraath P, Wong JLJ, Lim MXK, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(6):521-531. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021
• Lema VM. COVID19and Pregnancy.  Review of current evidence & guidelines to health workers.June 2020.https://ecsacog.org/wp-content/upload s/2020/07/ECSACOG-COVID-19-Gudelines-June-24-2020-.-Rev-002.pdf
• Capobianco G, Saderi L, Aliberti S, et al.COVID 19 in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020; 252:543-558. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.006
• Schwartz DA. The effects of pregnancy on women with COVID-19: Maternal and infant outcomes. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020;71(16):2042-2044. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa559
• Khaliq OP, Phoswa WN. Is Pregnancy a Risk Factor of COVID-19? European Journal of Obstetrics&Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020; 252:605-609. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.058
• https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-COVID-19-pregnancy-and-childbirth.
• Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Preparedness and Response - UNFPA Technical Briefs V March 23_2020
• Rose P, Beeby J, Parker D. Academic rigour in the lived experience of researchers using phenomenological methods in nursing in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1995;21(6):1123-1129. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648. 1995.21061123.x
• Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care.2007;19(6):349-357. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mz m042
• Kyngäs H, Mikkonen K, Kääriäinen M. The application of content analysis in nursing science research. Springer Nature. 2020 https://www.research gate.net/publication/338312621_The_Application _of_Content_Analysis_in_Nursing_ Science_Research
• Sahin BM, Kabakci EN. The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study. Women and Birth.2021;34(2):162-169. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.022
• Güner Ö, Öztürk R. Psychological and social impact and lifestyle changes among pregnant women of COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2022; 36:70-77. doi:10.10 16/j.apnu.2021.12.005.
• Aydin R, Aktaş S. An investigation of women’s pregnancy experiences during the Covıd‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;75(9): e14418. doi:10.11 11/ijcp.14418
• Bradfield Z, Wynter K, HauckY,et al. Experiences of receiving and providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: A five-cohort cross-sectional comparison. PloS One. 2021;16(3):e0248488. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248488
• Rettie H, Daniels J. Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist. 2021;76(3):427. doi:10.1037/amp0000710.
• Keating NE, Dempsey B, Corcoran S, McAuliffe FM, LalorJ, Higgins MF. Women’s experience of pregnancy and birth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. Irish Journal of Medical Science. 2022;191(5):2177-2184. doi:10.1007/s1184 5-021-02862-2.
• Kaya A, Bozkur B. Development of fatalism Tendency Scale: Validity and reliability study Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;11(3):935-946. doi:10.17860/efd.55137
• Şenyuva İ, Baysal B. A year of COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: knowledge level, attitude and perspective of pregnant and postpartum women. Perinatal Journal. 2021;29(2):133-142. doi:10.2399/prn.21. 0292009
• Wilson AN, Sweet L, Vasilevski V,et al. Australian women's experiences of receiving maternity care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional national survey. Birth. 2022;49(1):30-39. doi:10.1111/birt.12569
• Brik M, Sandonis MA, Fernández S, Suy A, et al. Psychological impact and social support in pregnant women during lockdown due to SARS‐CoV2 pandemic: A cohort study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2021;100(6):1026-1033. doi:10.1111/aogs.14073
• Taneri PE, Torun SD, Yavuz M, SezerolMA, TasciY,  Aydin HL, et al. Antenatal care access and concerns of pregnant women during pandemic: a population-based study. European Journal of Public Health. 2021;31(3):64-78. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.078
• Martin MM, Knobel R, Nandi V, Pereira JG, Junior AT, Andreucci CB.Adequacy of antenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Observational study with postpartum women. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2022;44(04): 398-408. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1741450
• Kumru P, Merih YD, Özdemir M, Akalin M, Cogendez E.Expectations of pregnant women for antenatal care services and factors affecting anxiety severity during the COVID-19 pande- mic. Ginekologia Polska. 2022;93(2):142-150. doi.10.5603/GP.a2021.0179