WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TERMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENDER FACTORS: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN ÇORUM

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 87 - 98, 31.08.2019

Bülent Güven

Öz

Women entrepreneurship provides women with the opportunity to fulfill their roles in the family as well as to contribute to the society by achieving their own goals. Contribution to the society can be achieved only bring more innovation. In line with this thought, women entrepreneurs who are trying to bring more innovation in society and give importance to innovation are important for the society. In this study, female entrepreneurship was studied due to the importance of entrepreneurship. In this respect, the main purpose of our research is to determine the thoughts on the environmental factors (social and cultural, economic, legal and political factors), the thoughts about entrepreneurship and the gender factors in women entrepreneurship. According to the results of the research, women's arithmetic mean value of entrepreneurship thought is high. The Female entrepreneurs participating in the research believe that social and cultural, economic, legal and political factors affect women entrepreneurs. Moreover, there is a low level of relationship between entrepreneurship thoughts and gender factors but gender factors did not have anyinfluence on women entrepreneurial thinking. This study is meaningful and differentiating due to the fact that female entrepreneurs think that they are not different from male entrepreneurs. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurship, Women Entrepreneurship, Environmental Factors, Gender

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN TERMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENDER FACTORS: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN ÇORUM

Öz

Entrepreneurship
can be said to be a value creation activity that starts with opportunity
definition, reveals innovative approaches and brings innovation and
transformations in the face of innovation. Societies that understand the
contribution of entrepreneurship to social life and the wealth of the society
are trying to increase the number of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are
individuals who create new employment opportunities, enable innovation, and
increase the level of social welfare in economic and social life. Increasing
the number of entrepreneurs in a society is not only possible with the increase
of male entrepreneurs, the other part (half) of the society are expected to be
engaged in entrepreneurial activities and the necessary support and
encouragement activities are made for them to be entrepreneurs. To reach the
desired level of development in our country, in addition to male counterparts,
is dependent on the increase in the number of female entrepreneurs who feel
passion and attraction about entrepreneurship in their hearts and minds, take
risks, need success with using knowledge and having an effective vision. Women
entrepreneurship provides women with the opportunity to fulfill their roles in
the family as well as to contribute to the society by achieving their own
goals. Contribution to the society can be achieved only bring more innovation.
In line with this thought, women entrepreneurs who are trying to bring more
innovation  in society and give
importance to innovation are important for the society. In this study, female
entrepreneurship was studied due to the importance of entrepreneurship. In this
respect, the main purpose of our research is to determine the thoughts on the
environmental factors (social and cultural, economic, legal and political
factors), the thoughts about entrepreneurship and the gender factors in women
entrepreneurship. According to the results of the research, women's arithmetic
mean value of entrepreneurship thought is high. The Female entrepreneurs
participating in the research believe that social and cultural, economic, legal
and political factors affect women entrepreneurs. Moreover,  there is 
a low level of relationship between entrepreneurship thoughts and gender
factors but gender factors did not have anyinfluence on women entrepreneurial
thinking. This study is meaningful and differentiating due to the fact that
female entrepreneurs think that they are not different from male entrepreneurs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entrepreneurship, Women Entrepreneurship, Environmental Factors

Kaynakça

• Aldridge, T. T. & Audretsch, D.(2011).The Bayh-Dole Act and Scientist Entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 40, 1058-1067.
• Berglann H., Moen, E. R., Roed, K. & Skogstrøm, J F.,(2011). Entrepreneurship: Origins and returns. Labour Economics, 18, 180–193.
• Bridge S., O'Neill K. & Martin F. (l998) Understanding Enterprise, Entrepreneurship And Small Business, Macmillan Business: London.
• Brush, C.G. (2008). Pioneering Strategies for Entrepreneurial Success. Business Horizons, 51, 21–27.
• Cliff, J.E. (1998). Does One Size Fit All? Exploring the Relationship Between Attitudes Towards Growth, Gender, And Business Size. Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 523-542.
• Coughlin, J. H. & Thomas, A. R. (2002). The Rise of Women Entrepreneurs: People, Processess ve Global Trends, Quorum Books: Westport CT.
• DeMartino, R. & Barbato, R. (2003). Differences Between Women and Men MBA Entrepreneurs: Exploring Family Flexibility and wWealth Creation As Career Motivators. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 815-832.
• Dvir D., Sadeh A. & Malach-Pines A. (2010). The Fit Between Entrepreneurs' Personalities and The Profile of The Ventures They Manage and Business Success: An Exploratory Study. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 21, 43–51.
• Eddleston, K. A. & Powell, G.N. (2008). The Role of Gender Identity in Explaining Sex Differences in Business Owners' Career Satisfier Preferences. Journal of Business Venturing, 23, 244-256.
• Gartner, W. B. (1989). Who is An Entrepreneur? Is The Wrong Question. Entrepreneurship Theory And Practice, 5, 47-67.
• Goby, V.P & Eroğul, M. Ş. (2011). Female Entrepreneurship in The United Arab Emirates: Legislative Encouragements and Cultural Constraints. Women's Studies International Forum, 34, 329-334.
• Godwyn, M. (2009). This Place Makes me Proud To Be A Woman: Theoretical Explanations For Success in Entrepreneurship Education for Low-Income Women. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 27, 50-64.
• González-González J. M., Bretones, F. D., Zarco, V. & Rodríguez, A., (2011). Women, Immigration and Entrepreneurship in Spain: A confluence of Debates in The Face of A Complex Reality. Women's Studies International Forum, 34, 360-370.
• Hisrich, R. D. & Peters, M.P. (2002). Entrepreneurship (Fifth Edition), McGraw Hill:New York.
• İlter, B. (2010). Girişimcilik Sürecinde Kadın Girişimcilerin Karşılaştıkları Sorunların Analizi: KAGİDER Örneği, Adalet Yayınevi:Ankara.
• Jennings J. E., Jennings P. D. & Greenwood R. (2009). Novelty and New Firm Performance: The Case of Employment Systems in Knowledge-Intensive Service Organizations. Journal of Business Venturing, 24, 338–359.
• Osinubi, T. S. (2007). Women in Development: The Case of Bodija Market in Ibadan, South Western Nigeria, (Editors: Léo-Paul Dana andRobert B. Anderson), Edward Elgar Publishing Limited: Northampton, Massachusetts
• Özen Kutaniş, R. (2006). Kadın Girişimciler, Değişim Yayınları: Sakarya.
• Rani, D. Lalitha, (1996). Women Entrepreneurs, S.B. Nangia A.P.H. Publishing Corparation, New Delhi.The Survey System(2018). Sample Size Calculator, Retrieval Date: 27 June 2018, http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm
• TÜİK, (2018), Girişimcilik: 2014-2016, (Haber Bülteni, Sayı: 27845). Retrieval Date: 12 August 2018, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=27845.
• Zhang Z., Zyphur M. J., Narayanan J., Arvey R. D., Chaturvedi S., Avolio B. J.,Lichtenstein, P. & Larsson, G. (2009). The Genetic Basis of Entrepreneurship: Effects of Gender and Personality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 110, 93-107.