Avrupa Birliği, Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve İnsan Hakları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 20, 5 - 22, 14.06.2024

Armağan Gözkaman

Öz

Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) gelişmekte olan ülkelere yönelik sürdürülebilir insani kalkınma’ desteği, insan hakları kavramı üzerinden şekillenmektedir. Bu durum, öncelikle, iki kavram arasındaki zorunlu mantıksal bağ ile açıklanabilir. Çalışmanın temel varsayımı, bu bağa ek olarak, AB’nin politika tercihleriyle de doğrulanabilmektedir. Buna ek olarak, varsayımı doğrulayan en az dört faktörün varlığı ileri sürülebilir: AB’nin dış politikasında ‘insan hakları’ ilkesinin yeri, sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın ekonomik ve ticari boyutlarında bu ilkenin tespit edilebiliyor olması, ‘sosyal’ anlayış ile ‘insan hakları’ arasındaki ilişki, kurumsal kapasite inşasına -ve mevcut kapasitenin güçlendirilmesine- yönelik politikalar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sürdürülebilir kalkınma, sürdürülebilir insani kalkınma, Avrupa Birliği, insan hakları, gelişmekte olan ülkeler

Kaynakça

• AFDB. (2022, March 22). Ukraine war threatens food crisis and political upheaval across Africa, warns top economist. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/ukraine-war-threatens-food-crisis-and-political-upheaval-across-africa-warns-top-economist-50269
• Ballet, J., Dubois, J.-L., & Mahieu, F.-R. (2011). La Soutenabilité Sociale du Développement Durable : De l'Omission à l'Emergence. Mondes en Développement, 39(4).
• Council of the European Union. (2009, November 17). Council conclusions on Democracy Support in the EU’s External Relations. 2974th External Relations Council meeting. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/gena/111250.pdf
• EEAS. (2020, October). EU conflict Early Warning System. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ews_fact_sheet_2020.pdf
• EEAS. (2021, August 10). Conflict Prevention, Peace building and Mediation. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/conflict-prevention-peace-building-and-mediation_en
• EIB. (2023, February 28). Senegal: Global Gateway - Team Europe joins forces with Senegal for cleaner, safe and affordable transport in Dakar. https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2023-081-global-gateway-team-europe-joins-forces-with-senegal-for-cleaner-safe-and-affordable-transport-in-dakar
• ESPAS. (2018). Horizon Scanning in Brief. https://espas.eu/horizon.html
• European Commission. (2000). Development policy of the European Community. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=LEGISSUM:r12001&from=EN
• European Commission. (2012). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, The Council and the European Economic and Social Committee. Trade, growth and development: Tailoring trade and investment policy for those countries most in need. COM/2012/022 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52012DC0022
• European Commission. (2016, July 5). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) No 230/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2014 establishing an instrument contributing to stability and peace. COM(2016) 447 final/2. 2016/0207 (COD). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0447(01)
• European Commission. (2022, May 12). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. An action plan for EU-Ukraine Solidarity Lanes to facilitate Ukraine's agricultural export and bilateral trade with the EU. COM (2022) 217 Final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022DC0217
• European Commission. (2023, October 19). Global Gateway: Commissioner Urpilainen launches a major EU package to drive education, energy and transport programmes across Nigeria. https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/global-gateway-commissioner-urpilainen-launches-major-eu-package-drive-education-energy-and-2023-10-19_en European Commission. Team Europe Initiatives. https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/policies/team-europe-initiatives_en
• Haynes, S. (2009). Displaced people and the challenge to development. POLIS Journal, 1(9), 1-55. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=bf72a83774cfe7c17b845a2976ecd541c8a5eeff
• Kaya, F., & Altuntaş, C. (2023). Seçili Avrupa Birliği Üyesi Ülkelerin Sürdürülebilirlik Düzeyleri ile Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirliklerinin Analizi. Europolitika, 8(19), 42-62.
• Kirdar, Ü. (1998). A Trilogy of Basic Human Concerns: Human Rights; Sustainable Human Development; Human Security. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 3(4). https://www.sam.gov.tr/perceptions/arsiv/volume-iii-perceptions-dec-1998-feb-1999-0
• Koob, S. A., Jørgensen, S. S., & Sano, H.-O. (2017). Human Rights and Economic Growth. An Economic Analysis of Freedom and Participation Rights. The Danish Institute for Human Rights. Matters of Concern - Human Rights’ Research Papers, No. 1. https://www.humanrights.dk/files/media/migrated/final_human_rights_and_economic_growth_-_an_econometric_analysis.pdf
• Koob, S. A., Jørgensen, S. S., & Sano, H.-O. (2018). Human Rights and Economic Growth. An Economic Analysis of the Rights to Education and Health. The Danish Institute for Human Rights. Matters of Concern - Human Rights’ Research Papers, No. 4. https://www.humanrights.dk/sites/humanrights.dk/files/media/document/_%2019_02922-18%2040.%20wp_hr_economic_growth_2018%20-%20fd%20468486_1_1.PDF
• Mahieu, F.-R. (2008). Face aux ‘Sacrifices Humains’, le Développement Humainement Soutenable. Revue Tiers Monde, 3(195), 495-506.
• Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires Etrangères. (2022, April 5). Sécurité alimentaire : mise en œuvre de l’initiative FARM. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/developpement/autres-secteurs-d-importance/securite-alimentaire-nutrition-et-agriculture-durable/l-initiative-internationale-farm-food-agriculture-resilience-mission-pour-la/article/securite-alimentaire-mise-en-oeuvre-de-l-initiative-farm-05-04-22
• OCHA. (2023, January 26). Quality education in Africa: EU launches €100 million Regional Teachers' Initiative. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/quality-education-africa-eu-launches-eu100-million-regional-teachers-initiative
• OECD. (2022). Economic and Social Impacts and Policy Implications of the War in Ukraine. Interim Report. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/4181d61b-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/4181d61b-en
• OHCHR. Technical Cooperation in the field of human rights. https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/technical-cooperation
• OHCHR. (2023, December 12). The Future of Human Rights and Peace and Security. Roundtable 1. Human Rights 75 High-Level Event. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/udhr/publishingimages/75udhr/HR75-high-level-event-RT1-Peace-and-Security-Additional-Background-Paper.pdf
• Official Journal of the European Union. (2017). Joint statement by the Council and the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission. The New European Consensus on Development: ‘Our World, Our Dignity, Our Future’. 2017/C 210/01. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A42017Y0630%2801%29
• Sandri, S., Hussein, H., Alshyab, N., & Sagatowski, J. (2023). The European Green Deal: Challenges and opportunities for the Southern Mediterranean. Mediterranean Politics, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2023.2237295
• Summit for Democracy Resources. About Team Europe Democracy. https://summitfordemocracyresources.eu/about/about-team-europe-democracy
• United Nations. (1987). Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. http://www.un-documents.net/our-common-future.pdf
• United Nations. (2015). Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/70/1. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
• UNDP. Human Development Index (HDI). https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI
• UNDP. (2009). Développement des Capacités: Un guide du PNUD. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/Capacity_Development_A_UNDP_Primer_French.pdf
• UNEP. (2019). Environmental Rule of Law: First Global Report. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/resources/assessment/environmental-rule-law-first-global-report
• UN Office for Partnerships. (2020). 7 Actions We Are Taking to Keep the Promise of the SDGs. https://unpartnerships.un.org/about-us