Florokinolon Grubu Antibiyotikleri

Öz

Bu derlemede İnsan hekimliğinden ve Veteriner Hekimlikte kullanılan yeni kuşak Kinolon grubu ilaçlardan Florokinolon grubu antibiyotikler, etki mekanizmaları , kimyasal yapıları , antibakteriyel spektrumları , fannakokinetikleri, klinik kullanımları , dirençlilik ve yan etkileri incelenmiştir. Kinolonların yapılarına Flor atomu ve Piperazin grubunun eklenmesiyle antimikrobiyel kemoterapide büyük ilerleme oluşmuştur. Bunların başlıcaları Nortfloksasin, Otloksasin, Petloksasin, Siprotloksasin, Enoksasin, Difloksasin, Danofloksasin, Fleroksasindir. Bakterisit etkili olup, replikasyon, rekombinasyon ve transkripsiyon olaylarında önemli olan bakteriyel DNAjiraz enzimini inhibe ederek DNA sentezini önlediği kabul edilmektedir. Florokinolonların etkisiyle bakteriler bölünmez ve anormal şekilde uzayarak ölürler. Florokinolonlar güçlü bakterisit etkilidirler, yan etki olasılıkları zayıf ve bakteriyel dirençlilik olguları seyrektir. Etki spekturumları geniştir. Gram ( -) aerobik patojenlerin çağuna karşı iyi bir şekilde etkili olup, Gram (+) mikroorganizmalar ve mikrobacteri türlerine karşı da etkili oldukları görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Florokinolon
• Antiboyotik
• Rauf AKKAYA
• 1997
• Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi

The antibiotics in the tluorokinolon group

Öz

In this review. the modes of effcct, chemical stnıctures. antibacterial spectnıms , pharınacokinetics , elinical usage, resistances and side effccts of the antibiotics in the in the tluorkinolon group. a new gencration of kinolon group dnıgs used in human and veterinary medicine was studied. There has been a great improvemcnt in antimicrobial chemotherapy by the addition of tl u or atom and piperazine group to the stnıcture of the kinolons. Norfloxacin, Otloxacin, Pefloxacin, Cyprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Difloxacin, Danofloxacin, Fleroxacin are principal representators of this group. They have bactericid effect and they are regarded as to prevent the DNA synthesis by the inhibition of bacterial DNA girase enzyme which has an important rol in the replication, recombination and transcriptian activities. By the effect of the fluorokinolons, the bacteria do not divide and they elongate abnormally and die. The fluorokinolons have strong bactericid cffect, their side effect probabailities are weak and the cascs of bactcrial resistance are rare. Their spectnıms are \vide. They have been found to be quite effective to most of the Gram (-) aerobic pathogens and effective to Gram (+) microorganlsms and mycobacterium species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fluorokinolon.
• Antibiotic

Kaynakça

1. BALL, P. (1989): Adverse reactions and interactions of fluoroquinolones. Clinical and investigative medicine Vol. 12( 1 ): 28-34.
2. BELLİDO, F. and PECHERE J.C (1989) : Laboratory Survey of Fluoroquinolone Activity. Reviews of infectios discases Vol. I 1(5) : 917-924.
3. BÜRKSHARDT, J.E., HİLL M.A. CARLTON, W.M., and KEST-ERSON J.W. (1990) : Histologic and Histo Chemical Changes in Articular Cartilages of immature Beale dogs doscd with Difloxacin, Fluoroquinolone. Vet. Pathol. 27 : (162- I 70).
4. CASTORA, J.F., VİSSERİNG, F.F, and SİMPSON, V.M., (l983) : The effect of bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors on DNA sunthesis in mammalian mitochondria Biochemica et Biophysica Acta. 740: (417-427) .
5. CHU, D.T.W. and FERNANDES, P.B. (1989) : Structure-Activity Relationships of the Fluoroquinolones. Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 33(2): 131-135 .
6. DOĞAN, A., BİLGİLİ, A. ve DAĞOĞLU, G. (1991) : Veteriner Hekimlikte kullanıma yeni giren antibakteriyel ilaçlar: Kinolonlar. Y.Y.Ü. Vet. Fak. Derg. 2(~-2): 141-151.
7. DOUİDAR, M. S. and SNODGRASS, W.R, (I 989) : Potential Role of Floroquinolones in Rediatric ınfections'. Reviews of infections disease. Vol : 11- 6.
8. FERNANDES, P.B. ( 1988) : Mode of action, and invitro and invivo activities of fluoroquinolones. J.Clin Parmacol. 28: 156-168.

9. GİLES, C.J. GRiMSHAW, W.T.R, SHANKS, D.J., SMiTH, D.G. (1991) : Kapalı Ahırlarda yetiştirilen besi sığırlarında akut bakteriyel pnömoni vakalarının tedavisinde danofloxacinnin etkinliği . Veterinary Record 128: 296- 300.
10. HOOPER, C. D., and WOLFSON S.J.( 1989) : Treatment of Genitourinary Tract infections with Fluoroquinolones. Clinical Efficacy in Ganital infections and Adverse Effects. Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy. Vol: 33 (10): 1662-1667.
11. HOOPER, D. C, WOLFSON-J.S. (1985) :The Fluoroquinolones: Pharmacology, Clinical uses, and Toxicities in Humans . Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. Vol. 28 (5) : 761-721.
12. JAMES, D.G., ( 1989) : The Fluoroquinolones, Therapeutic Focus. The British Journal of Clinical Practice. 43 (2).
13. MONTAY, G. and GAİLLOT, J. (1990): Pharmocokinetics of Fluoroquinolones in hepatic failure. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 26.
14. MURRAY, B. E. ( 1989) : lmpact of Fluoroquinolones on the Gastro intestinal Flora, Reviews of infekrtions diseases Vol. ll.
15. NEER, T.M. (1988): Clinical pharmacologic features of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drugs JAVMA Vol. 193 (5).
16. NEA, H.C. (1987) : New Antibiotics. Areas of Apprapriate use. The journal of infections diseases. Vol. 155 (3): 403-415.
17. NEU, H.C. ( 1989): Synergy of fluoroquinolones with other antimicrobial agents. Reviews of infections disease. Vol. 11 (5).
18. NEUMA N, M. (I 988) : Clinical Pharmacokinetics of the Newer antibacteriyel 4-quinolones. Clinical Pharmacokinetis . Vol: I 4:96- I 2 I
19. NOUWS, J.F.M., NEVİNS, D.J., UREA, T.B, BAARS, A.M., and J. LAURENSEN. ( 1988): Pharmacokinctics, renal elearance and Metabolism of cipnotloxacin following intravenous and oral administration to calves and pigs. The veterinary quartcrey Vol. 10 (3).
20. OATES, J.A, WOOD, A.J.J. (199 I): Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. The New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 324 (6).
21. PATON, J.H, and REEVES, D.S. ( 1988): Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. Microbology. Pharnıacokinetiks and Clinical use. Dnıgs . 36: (193-228).