Kanatlı Hayvan İmmün Sistemi Üzerine Antibakteriyel İlaçların Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada kanatlı hayvan sektöründe farklı amaçlarla kullanılan bazı antibakteriyel ilaçların kanatlı immün sistemi üzerindeki etkileri incelendi. Çalışmada 120 adet günlük et-tipi civciv deneme hayvanı olarak kullanıldı. Üç farklı deneysel çalışma seçeneğinde denenmek üzere, ağız yoluyla sağaltıcı olarak fluorokinolon grubu bir antibakteriyel ilaç ve sülfonamid türevi + trimetoprim esasına dayapan bir korubinasyon ile verim artırıcı amaçlarla üretilen virjinyamisin içerikli bir premiks çeşidi seçildi. Deneme hayvanları yaşamlarının ilk 19 gününde antibakteriyel ve antikoksidial ilaçlarlardan arındırılmış başlatma yemi ve geri kalan sürede de piliç geliştirme yemi ile ad .li bi tum olarak beslendi. Belirtilen süreçte · belirli aralıklarla civcivlerden kan örnekleri alınarak Newcastle virüsüne karşı maternal antikor titreleri belirlendi. 4 farklı deneme grubuna ayrılan bütün hayvanlara 20. günde su içerisinde canlı Newcastle aşısı uygulandı. Denemelerin 21 . gününden itibaren deneme gruplarından birisi kontrol için ayrılırken II. gruba su içerisinde ve sağaltıcı dozda fluorokinolon türevi ilaç, III. gruba güçlendirilmiş sülfonamid kombinasyonu ve IV. gruba da yem içerisinde sürekli olarak virjinyamisin içeren premiks katılarak verildi. İlaçlamayı izleyen (, 7., 14. ve 28 . günlerde bütün hayvanlardan kan örnekleri alınarak Newcastle'a karşı bireysel antikor titreleri ölçüldü . Ayrıca, ilaçlamayı izleyen ilk 3 gün boyunca 2. ve 3. gruptaki hayvanlardan alınan kan örneklerinde antibakteriyel ilaç derişimleri saptandı. İlaç uygulanmasından 28 gün sonra kesilen hayvanlardan B. fabricius ve timusları çıkartılarak ağırlıklan ve lenfasit derişimleri belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Etlik veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
• Antibakteriyel ilaç
• Kanatlı Hayvanlar
• Aşılama
• İmmün Sistem
• Etkileşme

The Effects of Antibacterial Drugs on Immune System of Poultry

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the effects of some different antibacretial drugs used in poultry industry for their effects on immune system of poultry. This experiment was carried on a hundred and twenty daily broiler chicks . The first experimental group of thirty chicks were given an antibacterial drug belonging to fluoroquinolone group orally, a combination hased on sulfonamide derivative plus trimethoprim were assayed on the second experimental group anda premix consisting of virginamycin, produced as an anabolic drug were given to the third group of thirty chicks.At the begining broilers were fed with a chick starter ration, that did not contain any antibacterial or anticocciodial agents, later with chick development ration ad libitium. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals during stated durations, and maternal antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus were determined . They were divided in to four experimental groups and li ve Newcastle vaccine were applied in drinking water an 201h day . One of the groups of thirty chic:ks w ere left as a control group after twenty-first day. The second group was treated with fluoroquinolone derivative dissolved in water at treatment dose and, an augmented sulfonamide combination and a ration prepared with a premix containing virginiamycin was given to the third and fourth groups, respectively. Blood samples were taken on the following ı sı , 7th, 14ıh and 28th daysafter the administration and the antibody titers against Newcastle vaccine were determined. In addition, blood samples of the chicks belonging to the second and third groups were taken on the following three days after administration and antibacterial drug concentrations were assayed. All chicks were slaughtered on the 2S1h day after drug application and weighths of b. of Fabricius and thymus gland and lymphocyte concentrations were determined after excision. The results, involves following findings; the maternal antibody levels devoloped against Newcastle vaccine w ere 4.1, in 19 day old chicks, four weeks later, an increase were found in the control group, vaccinated under same conditions. At the end of the same period of time, Newcastle antibody levels w ere reached approximately 9.9, on the other han d the antibody levels stayed at 7.6 level and, did not show any increase in the other two groups. At 471h day of experimental period live weights of the chicks treated with virginiamycin increased 7 .2% and no significant differences were observed in the other groups . While the weights of b. of Fabricius of all three groups treated with antibacterial drugs orally were 23% lower in compare to the control group, the weights of thymus gland were determined to be increased 71 %, 60% and 48% in the second, third and faurth groups respectively. The average lymphocyte concentration of B. of Fabricius and thymus of all three groups were determined to be decreased according to control group. The lowest value was observed on the fourth groupe, this value was followed by the second and third groups. It is that concluded the development of cellular and humoral immunity can be enhanced by synergestic interaction of fluoroquinolone group of antibacterial drugs with immune system in fowls . On the other hand, bacterios tatic drugs such as augmented sulfonamide combinations and virginamycin can depress the humoral immunity so it is concluded that the expected effect of immunization after vaccinations canbereverse effect on immunization.

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