Detection of bacterial and fungal agents in the skin of various domestic animals

Yıl 2023, , 139 - 145, 28.12.2023

Seyyide Sarıçam İnce , Ebru Torun

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.1273578

Öz

It is important for public health to monitor infectious agents in domestic animals. This study aimed to detect of bacterial and fungal agents in the skin of various domestic animals. A total of 263 skin samples were collected during 2021-2023 from 147 cats, 102 dogs, 10 cows, 3 rabbits, and 1 iguana. Bacteriological examination indicated that 37.6% of the samples were positive. S. pseudintermedius (35.4%) was the dominant bacteria in all isolates, followed by P. aeruginosa (23.2%). S. aureus was isolated from one rabbit sample and P. aeruginosa from one iguana sample. These findings add to the limited number of studies on these species. As a result of mycological examinations, 61.6% of all samples were identified as positive by cultural examination. Saprophytes were found in 41.1% of all samples, specifically A. niger (30.6%), Penicillium spp. (28.7%), A. fumigatus (16.7%), Alternaria spp. (15.7%), Mucor spp. (4.6%), and A. flavus (3.7%). The high prevalence of saprophytes was correlated with environmental contamination. Dermatophytes were isolated in 20.5% of all samples. M. canis was the dominant dermatophyte (64.8%), followed by T. mentagrophytes (31.5%) and M. ferrugineum (3.7%). The higher prevalence of dermatophytosis in spring (51.9%), was associated with rainy seasonal conditions in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dermatophytosis, M. ferrugineum, pyoderma, saprophyte, S. pseudintermedius

Farklı evcil hayvanların derisindeki bakteri ve mantar etkenlerinin tespiti

Öz

Evcil hayvanlarda enfeksiyöz etkenlerin izlenmesi halk sağlığı açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma, farklı evcil hayvanların derisindeki bakteri ve mantar etkenlerini saptamayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 2021-2023 döneminde 147 kedi, 102 köpek, 10 inek, 3 tavşan ve 1 iguanadan olmak üzere toplam 263 adet deri numunesi toplandı. Bakteriyolojik inceleme, numunelerin %37,6'sının pozitif olduğunu gösterdi. Tüm izolatlar arasında S. pseudintermedius (%35,4) baskın bakteri iken, takiben P. aeruginosa (%23,2) izole edildi. Bir adet tavşan numunesinden S. aureus ve bir adet iguana numunesinden P. aeruginosa izole edildi. Bu bulgular, bu türleri ele almış sınırlı sayıdaki literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. Yapılan mikolojik incelemeler sonucunda, tüm numunelerin %61,6'sı kültürel inceleme ile pozitif tespit edildi. Tüm numunelerin %41,1'inde saprofit etken, A. niger (%30,6), Penicillium spp. (%28,7), A. fumigatus (%16,7), Alternaria spp. (%15.7), Mucor spp. (%4,6) ve A. flavus (%3,7), saptandı. Saprofitlerin yüksek prevalansı, çevresel kontaminasyon ile ilişkilendirildi. Tüm numunelerin %20,5'inde dermatofit izole edildi. Baskın dermatofit M. canis (%64,8) iken, takiben T. mentagrophytes (%31,5) ve M. ferrugineum (%3,7) izole edildi. İlkbaharda dermatofitoz prevalansının daha yüksek olması (%51,9), Türkiye'deki yağışlı mevsim koşulları ile ilişkilendirildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dermatofitoz, M. ferrugineum, piyoderma, saprofit, S. pseudintermedius

Kaynakça

• Aneke CI, Cmokova A, Hubka V, Rhimi W, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. (2022) Subtyping Options for Microsporum canis Using Microsatellites and MLST: A Case Study from Southern Italy. Pathogens. 11, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010004
• Atusingwize E, Ndejjo R, Tumukunde G, Buregyeya E, Nsamba P, Tuhebwe D, Kato CD, Naigaga I, Musoke D, Kabasa JD, Bazeyo W. (2020) Application of one health approach in training at Makerere University: experiences from the one health workforce project in Uganda. One Health Outlook. 2, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42522-020-00030-7
• Ben-Ziony Y, Arzi B. (2000) Use of lufenuron for treating fungal infections of dogs and cats: 297 cases (1997-1999). JAVMA. 217, 1510-1513.
• Bister SI, Ford RB. (1995) Kirk and Bister’s handbook of veterinary procedures & emergency treatment. Sixth edition. Philadelphia. WB Saunders Co:484-486.
• Cafarchia C, Romito D, Sasanelli M, Lia R, Capelli G, Otranto D. (2004) The epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytoses in southern Italy. Mycoses. 47, 508-513.
• Chaudhary AK, Kumar A, Shrivastva M. (2019). Study on prevalence and resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens isolated from canine pyoderma. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 8, 2305-2311.
• CLSI. (2008) Interpretive criteria for identification of bacteria and fungi by DNA target sequencing : approved guideline. CLSI document MM18-A. Wayne, PA.
• Dalis JS, Kazeem HM, Kwaga JKP, Kwanashie CN, Yakubu B, Owolodun OA, Jambol AR. (2018) Molecular characterization of dermatophytes isolated from cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria. Vet Microbiol. 219, 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.022
• Drancourt M, Roux V, Fournier PE, Raoult D. (2004) rpoB gene sequence-based identification of aerobic Gram-positive cocci of the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Gemella, Abiotrophia, and Granulicatella. J Clin Microbiol. 42, 497-504.
• Dworecka-Kaszak B, Bieganska MJ, Dabrowska I. (2020) Occurrence of various pathogenic and opportunistic fungi in skin diseases of domestic animals: a retrospective study. Bmc Vet Res. 16, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02460-x
• Hanselman BA, Kruth, SA, Rousseau J, Weese JS. (2009) Coagulase positive staphylococcal colonization of humans and their household pets. Can Vet J. 50, 954-958.
• Hillier A, Alcorn JR, Cole LK, Kowalski JJ. (2006) Pyoderma caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in dogs: 20 cases. Vet Dermatol. 17, 432-439.
• Li Y, Fernandez R, Duran I, Molina-Lopez RA, Darwich L. (2021) Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from cats and dogs from the Iberian Peninsula. Front Microbiol. 11, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.621597
• Maraki S, Mavromanolaki VE. (2016) Epidemiology of dermatophytes in Crete, Greece: a 5-year Survey. Med Mycol. J 57, 69-75.
• Markey B, Leonard F, Archambault M, Cullinane A, Maguire D. (2013) Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Second edition. Dublin, Ireland: Mosby Elsevier, p.105-270.
• Ming PX, Ti YLX, Bulmer GS. (2006) Outbreak of Trichophyton verrucosum in China transmitted from cows to humans. Mycopathologia. 161, 225-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-005-0223-y
• Mohammadifard H, Amini K, Bayat M, Hashemi SJ, Noorbakhsh F. (2022) Molecular study and antifungal susceptibility profile of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains isolated from lesions of humans and cattle. Iran J Microbiol. 14, 587-597.
• Moon DC, Choi JH, Boby N, Kim SJ, Song HJ, Park HS, Gil MC, Yoon SS, Lim SK. (2022) Prevalence of bacterial species in skin, urine, diarrheal stool, and respiratory samples in cats. Pathogens. 11, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030324
• Moosavi A, Ghazvini RD, Ahmadikia K, Hashemi SJ, Geramishoar M, Mohebali M, Yekaninejad MS, Bakhshi H, Khodabakhsh M. (2019) The frequency of fungi isolated from the skin and hair of asymptomatic cats in rural area of Meshkin-shahr-Iran. J Mycol Med. 29, 14-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.01.004
• Murmu S, Debnath C, Pramanik AK, Mitra T, Jana S, Dey S, Banerjee S, Batabyal K. (2015) Detection and characterization of zoonotic dermatophytes from dogs and cats in and around Kolkata. Vet World. 8, 1078-1082.
• Müştak İB, Müştak HK, Sarıçam S, Üstün T, Erdem AE. (2019) Frequency of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in canine skin infections and antibiotic resistance profiles of the recovered isolates. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg. 32, 127-132. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.793494
• Nocera FP, Ambrosio M, Fiorito F, Cortese L, De Martino L. (2021) On Gram-positive- and Gram-negative-bacteria-associated canine and feline skin infections: A 4-Year Retrospective study of the University Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory of Naples, Italy. Animals. 11, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061603
• Nomoto H, Kutsuna S, Nakamura K, Nakamoto T, Shimomura A, Hirakawa T, Kinoshita N, Hayakawa K, Nagashima M, Ohmagari N. (2020) Totally implantable venous access port infection caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: Possible transmission from a companion dog to a human. J Infect Chemother. 26, 1305-1308.
• Nweze EI. (2011) Dermatophytoses in domesticated animals. Rev Inst Med Trop Sp. 53, 95-99. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652011000200007
• Papini R, Nardoni S, Fanelli A, Mancianti F. (2009) High infection rate of Trichophyton verrucosum in calves from Central Italy. Zoonoses Public Hlth. 56, 59-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01157.x
• Petersen AD, Walker RD, Bowman MM, Schott II HC, Rosser EJ. (2002) Frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus intermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from canine skin and ear samples over a 6-year period (1992-1997). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 38, 407-413.
• Ranganathan S, Balajee SAM, Raja SM. (1998) A survey of dermatophytosis in animals in Madras, India. Mycopathologia. 140, 137-140.
• Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Makimura K, De Hoog GS, Shidfar MR, Satoh K, Najafzadeh MJ, Mirhendi H. (2012) Multilocus differentiation of the related dermatophytes Microsporum canis, Microsporum ferrugineum and Microsporum audouinii. J Med Microbiol. 61, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.036541-0
• Roshanzamir H, Naserli S, Ziaie B, Fakour M. (2016) Incidence of dermatophytes isolated from dogs and cats in the city of Baku, Azerbaijan. Comp Clin Pathol. 25, 327-329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-015-2185-x
• Seker E, Dogan N. (2011) Isolation of dermatophytes from dogs and cats with suspected dermatophytosis in Western Turkey. Prev Vet Med. 98, 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.11.003
• Somayaji R, Priyantha MAR, Rubin JE, Church D. (2016) Human infections due to Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, an emerging zoonosis of canine origin: report of 24 cases. Diagn Micr Infec Dis. 85, 471-476. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.05.008
• Supic J, Residbegovic E, Koro A, Hadziabdic S, Golob M, Skapur V, Alic A. (2021) Fatal Disseminated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a captive green iguana (Iguana Iguana). Acta Vet-Beograd. 71, 361-370. http://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2021-0031
• Şahan Yapıcıer Ö, Şababoğlu E, Öztürk D, Pehlivanoğlu F, Kaya M, Türütoğlu H. (2017) Kedi ve köpeklerden dermatofitlerin izolasyonu. MAE Vet Fak Derg. 2, 125-130. http://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.359535
• Walsh TH, Hayden RT, Larone DH. (2006) Larone's medically important fungi. Sixth edition. Washington DC: ASM Press, p.189-309.
• White SD, Bourdeau PJ, Meredith A. (2002) Dermatologic problems of rabbits. Sem Avian Exo Pet Med. 11, 141-150.
• Yildirim M, Cinar M, Ocal N, Yagci BB, Askar S, 2010. Prevalence of clinical dermatophytosis and oxidative stress in cattle. J Anim Vet Adv 9, 1978-1982.