Süt ineklerinde farklı dozlarda propilen glikolün metabolik parametreler üzerine etkileri

Öz

Çalışmada pozitif enerji dengesine sahip süt ineklerinde farklı dozlarda propilen glikol (PG) uygulamasının serum metabolik parametreleri üzerine etkileri değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya 60-190 günlük laktasyon döneminde pozitif enerji dengesine sahip 24 adet Simental ırkı süt ineği dahil edildi. PG, sabah yemlemesinden 3 saat sonra, günde bir kez 300 mL (8 süt sığırı) ve 500 mL (8 süt sığırı) dozlarında 3 gün boyunca uygulandı. Kontrol grubu için sekiz süt sığırı dahil edildi. Kan örnekleri PG uygulamasından önce bir kez, PG uygulamasından sonra günlük olarak ve son olarak 4. günde toplandı. Serum biyokimyasal parametreleri belirlendi. Enerji metabolizması ile ilgili olarak, serum biyokimyasal parametrelerinden glikoz yoğunlukları kontrol grubuna kıyasla 500 mL PG grubunda 3. günde önemli ölçüde arttı, BHBA ve NEFA yoğunluklarında ise önemli bir değişiklik olmadı. Üre yoğunluklarında azalma, klorür yoğunluklarında ise referans sınırlar içerisinde artış tespit edildi. Pozitif enerji dengesine sahip süt ineklerinde, 500 mL PG oral içirmenin serum glikoz ölçümleri ile belirlenen enerji dengesi üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu, hepatik ve renal fonksiyonlar üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olmayabileceği ve referans sınırlar içinde serum elektrolit değişikliklerine neden olabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Propilen glikol
• serum metabolik parametreleri
• süt ineği

Effects of propylene glycol in different doses on metabolic parameters in dairy cows

Öz

In the study, the effects of propylene glycol (PG) drenched in different doses in dairy cows with positive energy balance were evaluated on serum metabolic parameters. Twenty-four Simmental dairy cows in 60-190 days of lactation period with positive energy balance were included to this study. PG was drenched 3 h after morning feeding, at a doses of 300 mL (8 dairy cows) and 500 mL (8 dairy cows), once a day, for 3 days. Eight dairy cows were included for control group. Blood samples were collected once before PG drenching, daily after drenching of PG, and finally on day 4. Serum biochemical parameters were determined. With regard to energy metabolism, glucose concentrations from serum biochemical parameters significantly increased on day 3 in 500 mL PG group compared to control group, and there were not significant changes in BHBA and NEFA concentrations. Decreased urea, increased chloride concentrations were determined with within reference limits. In dairy cows with positive energy balance, 500 mL PG oral drenching had positive effect on energy balance as determined by serum glucose measurements, might not have negative effects on hepatic and renal function, and may cause serum electrolyte changes within reference limits.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dairy cows
• propylene glycol
• serum metabolic parameters

Kaynakça

1. Bertram HC, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Larsen M, Raun BML, Kristensen NB. (2009) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based investigation on propylene glycol toxicosis in a Holstein cow. Acta Vet Scand. 51, 25.
2. Chibisa GE, Gozho GN, Van Kessel AG, Olkowski AA, Mutsvangwa T. (2008) Effects of peripartum propylene glycol supplementation on nitrogen metabolism, body composition, and gene expression for the major protein degradation pathways in skeletal muscle in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 91, 3512-3527. Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Grünberg W. (2017) Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats. 11th ed. China, Elsevier.
3. Cozzi G, Berzaghi P, Gottardo F, Gabai G, Andrighetto I. (1996) Effects of feeding propylene glycol to mid-lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 64, 43-51.
4. El-Kasrawy N, Swelum I., Abdel-Latif AA, Alsenosy AEWA, Beder NA, Alkahtani S, Abdel-Daim MM, Abd El-Aziz AH. (2020) Efficacy of different drenching regimens of gluconeogenic precursors during transition period on body condition score, production, reproductive performance, subclinical ketosis and economics of dairy cows. Animals 10, 937.
5. Gordon JL, LeBlanc SJ, Duffield TF. (2013) Ketosis treatment in lactating dairy cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 29, 433-445.
6. Gordon J, Leblanc S, Kelton D, Herdt T, Neuder L, Duffield T. (2017) Randomized clinical field trial on the effects of butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin and propylene glycol on ketosis resolution and milk production. J Dairy Sci. 100, 3912-3921.
7. Hoedemaker M, Prange D, Zerbe H, Frank J, Daxenberger A, Meyer H. (2004) Peripartal propylene glycol supplementation and metabolism, animal health, fertility, and production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 87, 2136-2145.
8. Jeong JK, Choi IS, Moon SH, Lee SC, Kang HG, Jung YH, Park SB, Kim IH. (2018) Effect of two treatment protocols for ketosis on the resolution, postpartum health, milk yield, and reproductive outcomes of dairy cows. Theriogenology 106, 53-59.

9. Johnson RB. (1954) The treatment of ketosis with glycerol and propylene glycol. Cornell Vet. 44, 6-21. Kristensen N, Raun B. (2007) Ruminal and intermediary metabolism of propylene glycol in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 90, 4707-4717.
10. Mann S, Yepes FL, Behling-Kelly E, McArt J. (2017) The effect of different treatments for early-lactation hyperketonemia on blood β-hydroxybutyrate, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, insulin, and glucagon in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 100, 6470-6482.
11. Maurer M, Peinhopf W, Gottschalk J, Einspanier A, Koeller G, Wittek T. (2017) Effects of different dosages of propylene glycol in dry cows and cows in early lactation. J Dairy Res. 84, 375-384.
12. Mikuła R, Nowak W, Jaśkowski JM, Maćkowiak P, Pruszyńska E, Włodarek J. (2008) Effects of propylene glycol supplementation on blood biochemical parameters in dairy cows. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 52, 461-466.
13. Mikuła R, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Ignatowicz-Stefaniak M, Kołodziejski PA, Maćkowiak P, Nowak W. (2020) The effect of propylene glycol delivery method on blood metabolites in dairy cows. Acta Veterinaria Brno. 89, 19-29. Miyoshi S, Pate JL, Palmquist DL. (2001) Effects of propylene glycol drenching on energy balance, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, ovarian function and conception in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci. 68, 29-43.
14. Nielsen NI, Ingvartsen KL. (2004) Propylene glycol for dairy cows: A review of the metabolism of propylene glycol and its effects on physiological parameters, feed intake, milk production and risk of ketosis. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 115, 191-213.
15. Piantoni P, Allen MS. (2015). Evaluation of propylene glycol and glycerol infusions as treatments for ketosis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 98, 5429–5439.
16. Smith BP. (2014) Large Animal Internal Medicine, 5th ed. California, Elsevier. Xu W, Vervoort J, Saccenti E, Kemp B, van Hoeij RJ, van Knegsel AT. (2020) Relationship between energy balance and metabolic profiles in plasma and milk of dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 103, 4795-4805.
17. Zar T, Graeber C, Perazella MA. (2007) Reviews: recognition, treatment, and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity. Semin Dial. 20, 217-219.
18. Zhang F, Nan X, Wang H, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Xiong B. (2020). Effects of propylene glycol on negative energy balance of postpartum dairy cows. Animals. 10, 1526.