Pesticides and the silent threat: Potential risks to animal and human health

Öz

Pesticides are chemicals used against pests in agricultural control, veterinary medicine, and public health. Although pesticides are used for pest control, increasing crop productivity, and preventing vector-borne diseases, their excessive and unconscious use can lead to serious toxic effects on animal and human health. Humans and animals can be indirectly exposed to food, feed, water, air, and soil containing pesticide residues. There is also direct exposure through the application of pesticides used in ectoparasite control to humans and animals. Residues of pesticides and/or their metabolites can be found in vegetables, fruits, cereals, and animal products such as meat, milk, and eggs. The presence of pesticides and their metabolites has also been shown in biological samples such as blood, urine, and faeces from humans and animals and in environmental samples such as water, sediment, and soil. In order to reduce the use of pesticides and their harmful effects on health, the use of chemical pesticides should be reduced as much as possible and minimised through Good Agricultural Practices and Integrated Pest Management practices. Natural and environmentally friendly alternative methods such as biological control, biopesticides, semiochemicals, and transgenic crops should be preferred instead. Public awareness on the hazards of pesticides should be raised. Awareness should be raised among pesticide applicators, and certified courses should be made compulsory. The frequency of inspections and controls by official authorities should be increased. Human-animal-environmental health should be considered as a whole, and all relevant professional groups should approach the issue with the awareness of One Health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pesticide
• exposure
• harmful effect
• health

Pestisitler ve Sessiz Tehlike: Hayvan ve İnsan Sağlığı için Potansiyel Risk

Öz

Pestisitler tarımsal mücadele, veteriner hekimlik ve halk sağlığı alanında zararlılara karşı kullanılan kimyasal maddelerdir. Pestisitler haşere mücadelesinde, ürün verimliliğinin artmasında ve vektör kaynaklı hastalıkların önlenmesinde kullanılmasına rağmen aşırı ve bilinçsiz kullanımı hayvan ve insan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi toksik etkilere yol açabilir. İnsan ve hayvanlar pestisit kalıntılarını içeren gıda, yem, su, hava ve toprakla dolaylı olarak maruz kalabilirler. Ayrıca ektoparazit mücadelesinde kullanılan pestisitlerin insanlara ve hayvanlara uygulanması yoluyla doğrudan maruziyet de söz konusudur. Pestisit ve/veya metabolitlerinin kalıntılarına sebze, meyve ve tahıllar ile et, süt, yumurta gibi hayvansal ürünler rastlanabilmektedir. İnsan ve hayvanlardan alınan kan, idrar, dışkı gibi biyolojik örnekler ile su, sediment, toprak gibi çevresel örneklerde de pestisit ve metabolitlerinin varlığı gösterilmiştir. Pestisit kullanımı ve buna bağlı olarak sağlık üzerine zararlı etkilerini azaltmak için öncelikli olarak kimyasal pestisitlerin kullanımı mümkün olduğunca azaltılmalı, İyi Tarım Uygulamaları ve Entegre Haşere Yönetimi uygulamalarıyla en aza indirilmelidir. Bunların yerine biyolojik kontrol, biyopestisitler, semiokimyasallar ve transgenik ürünler gibi doğal ve çevre dostu alternatif yöntemler tercih edilmelidir. Pestisitlerin zararlarıyla ilgili toplumsal farkındalık artırılmalıdır. Pestisit uygulaması yapan kişiler bilinçlendirilmeli uygulayıcılara sertifikalı kurslar zorunlu hale getirilmelidir. Resmi Otoritelerce denetim ve kontrollerin sıklığı artırılmalıdır. İnsan-hayvan-çevre sağlığı bir bütün olarak ele alınmalı, ilgili tüm meslek grupları konuya Tek Sağlık bilinciyle yaklaşmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pestisit
• maruziyet
• sağlık
• zararlı etki

Kaynakça

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